University of Exeter

About: University of Exeter is a education organization based out in Exeter, United Kingdom. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Climate change. The organization has 15820 authors who have published 50650 publications receiving 1793046 citations. The organization is also known as: Exeter University & University of the South West of England.

Surface attachment and pre-penetration stage development by plant pathogenic fungi.

Abstract: Fungal pathogens cause many of the most serious crop diseases. One of the principal reasons for the success of this group is their ability to locate and perceive appropriate host surfaces and then to elaborate specialized infection structures. Here we review the processes implicated in surface attachment, germ tube elongation, and development of appressoria. The involvement of surface-acting proteins such as fungal hydrophobins and integrins in these processes is evaluated, along with a description of studies that have revealed the existence of conserved signaling pathways that regulate appressorium formation. Finally, we anticipate the prospect of genome-level analysis of fungal pathogens and the key research questions that will need to be addressed.

A Framework for Responsible Innovation

Abstract: “Responsible innovation,” in reality, lacks definition and clarity, both in concept and practice. This chapter begins by emphasizing that science and innovation have not only produced understanding, knowledge, and value (economic, social, or otherwise), but also questions, dilemmas, and unintended impacts. It presents a framework for responsible innovation, based on four dimensions-anticipatory, reflective, deliberative, and responsive. The chapter emphasizes that this must be able to reflect on both the products and purposes of science and innovation. It reminds of the rich history in a number of fields of study, both theoretical and applied, which make a significant and important contribution both to the framing and definition of responsible innovation, and to how this is translated through the dimensions into practice. The chapter concludes with some closing thoughts on implementation, on how the embedding of responsible innovation as a genuinely transformative and constructive approach can be supported.