University of Extremadura

About: University of Extremadura is a education organization based out in Badajoz, Spain. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Hyperspectral imaging. The organization has 7856 authors who have published 18299 publications receiving 396126 citations. The organization is also known as: Universidad de Extremadura.

Detection and Mitigation of DoS and DDoS Attacks in IoT-Based Stateful SDN : An Experimental Approach

Abstract: The expected advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) has triggered a large demand of embedded devices, which envisions the autonomous interaction of sensors and actuators while offering all sort of smart services. However, these IoT devices are limited in computation, storage, and network capacity, which makes them easy to hack and compromise. To achieve secure development of IoT, it is necessary to engineer scalable security solutions optimized for the IoT ecosystem. To this end, Software Defined Networking (SDN) is a promising paradigm that serves as a pillar in the fifth generation of mobile systems (5G) that could help to detect and mitigate Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) threats. In this work, we propose to experimentally evaluate an entropy-based solution to detect and mitigate DoS and DDoS attacks in IoT scenarios using a stateful SDN data plane. The obtained results demonstrate for the first time the effectiveness of this technique targeting real IoT data traffic.

Early caspase-3 activation independent of apoptosis is required for cellular function.

Abstract: A number of pro-apoptotic stimuli induce the activation of caspase-9, an initiator protease that activates executioner caspases, such as caspase-3, leading to the development of programmed cell death. Here we demonstrate that cell (platelets and pancreatic acinar cells) stimulation with agonists induces a bimodal activation of caspase-3. The early caspase-3 activation occurs within 1 min of stimulation and is independent on caspase-9 or mitochondrial cytochrome c release suggesting that is a non-apoptotic event. The ability of agonists to induce early activation of caspase-3 is similar to that observed for other physiological processes. Activation of caspase-3 by physiological concentrations of cellular agonists, including thrombin or CCK-8, is independent of rises in cytosolic calcium concentration but requires PKC activation, and is necessary for agonist-induced activation of the tyrosine kinases Btk and pp60src and for several cellular functions, including store-operated calcium entry, platelet aggregation, or pancreatic secretion. Thus, early activation of caspase-3 seems to be a non-apoptotic event required for cellular function.

Phylogeography of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations: the effects of historical genetic subdivisions and recent nonequilibrium dynamics

Abstract: We sequenced 704 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region nucleotides and genotyped 11 autosomal microsatellites (STR) in 617 European roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus ) samples, aiming to infer the species’ phylogeographical structure. The mtDNA sequences were split in three distinct haplogroups, respectively, named: Clade West, sampled mainly in Iberia; Clade East, sampled mainly in Greece and in the Balkans; and Clade Central, which was widespread throughout Europe, including the eastern countries and Iberia, but not Greece. These clades might have originated in distinct Iberian and Balkanic refuges during the penultimate or the last glaciations. Clades East and West contributed little to the current postglacial mtDNA diversity in central Europe, which apparently was recolonized mainly by haplotypes belonging to Clade Central. A unique subclade within Clade Central grouped all the haplotypes sampled from populations of the Italian subspecies C. c. italicus . In contrast, haplotypes sampled in central and southern Spain joined both Clade Central and Clade West, suggesting that subspecies C. c. garganta has admixed origin. STR data support a genetic distinction of peripheral populations in north Iberia and southern Italy, and show the effects of anthropogenic disturbance in fragmented populations, which were recently reintroduced or restocked and not may be in mutation–drift equilibrium. Roe deer in central Europe are mainly admixed, while peripheral populations in north Portugal, the southern Italian Apennines and Greece represent the remains of refugial populations and should be managed accordingly.

Effects of Consecutive Basketball Games on the Game-Related Statistics that Discriminate Winner and Losing Teams.

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to identify the game-related statistics that discriminated basketball winning and losing teams in each of the three consecutive games played in a condensed tournament format. The data were obtained from the Spanish Basketball Federation and included game-related statistics from the Under-20 league (2005-2006 and 2006-2007 seasons). A total of 223 games were analyzed with the following game-related statistics: two and three-point field goal (made and missed), free-throws (made and missed), offensive and defensive rebounds, assists, steals, turnovers, blocks (made and received), fouls committed, ball possessions and offensive rating. Results showed that winning teams in this competition had better values in all game-related statistics, with the exception of three point field goals made, free-throws missed and turnovers (p ≥ 0.05). The main effect of game number was only identified in turnovers, with a statistical significant decrease between the second and third game. No interaction was found in the analysed variables. A discriminant analysis allowed identifying the two-point field goals made, the defensive rebounds and the assists as discriminators between winning and losing teams in all three games. Additionally to these, only the three-point field goals made contributed to discriminate teams in game three, suggesting a moderate effect of fatigue. Coaches may benefit from being aware of this variation in game determinant related statistics and, also, from using offensive and defensive strategies in the third game, allowing to explore or hide the three point field-goals performance. Key pointsOverall team performances along the three consecutive games were very similar, not confirming an accumulated fatigue effect.The results from the three-point field goals in the third game suggested that winning teams were able to shoot better from longer distances and this could be the result of exhibiting higher conditioning status and/or the losing teams' exhibiting low conditioning in defense.