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Institution

University of Florence

EducationFlorence, Toscana, Italy
About: University of Florence is a education organization based out in Florence, Toscana, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbonic anhydrase. The organization has 27292 authors who have published 79599 publications receiving 2341684 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli studi di Firenze & Universita degli studi di Firenze.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: No safe, feasible, and reliable treatment exists for iatrogenic retinal embolism, so therapy should theoretically be directed to lowering intraocular pressure to dislodge the embolus into more peripheral vessels of the retinal circulation, increasing retinal perfusion and oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues.
Abstract: BACKGROUND Complications following facial cosmetic injections have recently heightened awareness of the possibility of iatrogenic blindness. The authors conducted a systematic review of the available literature to provide the best evidence for the prevention and treatment of this serious eye injury. METHODS The authors included in the study only the cases in which blindness was a direct consequence of a cosmetic injection procedure of the face. RESULTS Twenty-nine articles describing 32 patients were identified. In 15 patients, blindness occurred after injections of adipose tissue; in the other 17, it followed injections of various materials, including corticosteroids, paraffin, silicone oil, bovine collagen, polymethylmethacrylate, hyaluronic acid, and calcium hydroxyapatite. CONCLUSIONS Some precautions may minimize the risk of embolization of filler into the ophthalmic artery following facial cosmetic injections. Intravascular placement of the needle or cannula should be demonstrated by aspiration before injection and should be further prevented by application of local vasoconstrictor. Needles, syringes, and cannulas of small size should be preferred to larger ones and be replaced with blunt flexible needles and microcannulas when possible. Low-pressure injections with the release of the least amount of substance possible should be considered safer than bolus injections. The total volume of filler injected during the entire treatment session should be limited, and injections into pretraumatized tissues should be avoided. Actually, no safe, feasible, and reliable treatment exists for iatrogenic retinal embolism. Nonetheless, therapy should theoretically be directed to lowering intraocular pressure to dislodge the embolus into more peripheral vessels of the retinal circulation, increasing retinal perfusion and oxygen delivery to hypoxic tissues. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Risk, V.

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data indicate that chemokines in the liver may modulate the progression of liver fibrosis through actions on hepatic stellate cells.
Abstract: Chemokines may be involved in the tissue response to injury regulating the influx of leukocytes, and modulating a number of other critical biologic actions, including angiogenesis, neoplastic growth, myo-fibroblast activation, and the response to viral infections. In the liver, up-regulated expression of different members of the chemokine system may be induced by almost all types of injury, and there is often a clear relation between the chemokine pattern activated by different types of injury and the predominant subclasses of leukocytes which infiltrate the liver. Neutralization of specific chemokines by passive immunization or the use of animals deficient in specific chemokines or chemokine receptors has indicated a causal relation between up-regulation of chemokines and leukocyte infiltration. Inflammation is part of the liver wound healing response, that in chronic conditions leads to the development of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Hepatic stellate cells, which play a leading role in the development of fibrosis following their transition to myofibroblasts, express different chemokines. Chemokine expression by stellate cells is regulated by soluble mediators, in particular pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as growth factors, proteases, and products of oxidative stress. In addition, stellate cells also respond to chemokines with biologic actions relevant for tissue repair, such as cell migration or induction of other chemokines. These data indicate that chemokines in the liver may modulate the progression of liver fibrosis through actions on hepatic stellate cells.

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Christopher D. Whelan1, Christopher D. Whelan2, Andre Altmann3, Juan A. Botía4, Neda Jahanshad1, Derrek P. Hibar1, Julie Absil5, Saud Alhusaini6, Saud Alhusaini2, Marina K. M. Alvim7, Pia Auvinen8, Emanuele Bartolini9, Felipe P. G. Bergo7, Tauana Bernardes7, Karen Blackmon10, Karen Blackmon11, Barbara Braga7, Maria Eugenia Caligiuri12, Anna Calvo, Sarah J. A. Carr13, Jian Chen14, Shuai Chen15, Andrea Cherubini12, Philippe David5, Martin Domin16, Sonya Foley17, Wendy Franca7, Gerrit Haaker18, Dmitry Isaev1, Simon S. Keller19, Raviteja Kotikalapudi20, Magdalena A. Kowalczyk21, Ruben Kuzniecky10, Soenke Langner16, Matteo Lenge9, Kelly M. Leyden22, Min Liu6, Richard Q. Loi22, Pascal Martin20, Mario Mascalchi23, Mario Mascalchi9, Marcia Elisabete Morita7, Jose C. Pariente, Raúl Rodríguez-Cruces24, Christian Rummel25, Taavi Saavalainen8, Mira Semmelroch21, Mariasavina Severino26, Rhys H. Thomas17, Rhys H. Thomas27, Manuela Tondelli28, Domenico Tortora26, Anna Elisabetta Vaudano28, Lucy Vivash29, Lucy Vivash30, Felix von Podewils16, Jan Wagner31, Jan Wagner32, Bernd Weber32, Yi Yao15, Clarissa L. Yasuda7, Guohao Zhang33, Núria Bargalló, Benjamin Bender20, Neda Bernasconi6, Andrea Bernasconi6, Boris C. Bernhardt6, Ingmar Blümcke18, Chad Carlson10, Chad Carlson34, Gianpiero L. Cavalleri2, Fernando Cendes7, Luis Concha24, Norman Delanty2, Norman Delanty35, Chantal Depondt5, Orrin Devinsky10, Colin P. Doherty2, Niels K. Focke20, Antonio Gambardella12, Renzo Guerrini9, Khalid Hamandi27, Khalid Hamandi17, Graeme D. Jackson30, Graeme D. Jackson21, Reetta Kälviäinen8, Peter Kochunov36, Patrick Kwan29, Angelo Labate12, Carrie R. McDonald22, Stefano Meletti28, Terence J. O'Brien29, Terence J. O'Brien30, Sebastien Ourselin3, Mark P. Richardson37, Mark P. Richardson13, Pasquale Striano38, Thomas Thesen10, Thomas Thesen11, Roland Wiest25, Junsong Zhang15, Annamaria Vezzani39, Mina Ryten4, Mina Ryten13, Paul M. Thompson1, Sanjay M. Sisodiya4 
01 Feb 2018-Brain
TL;DR: In the largest neuroimaging study to date, Whelan and colleagues report robust structural alterations across and within epilepsy syndromes, including shared volume loss in the thalamus, and widespread cortical thickness differences.
Abstract: Progressive functional decline in the epilepsies is largely unexplained. We formed the ENIGMA-Epilepsy consortium to understand factors that influence brain measures in epilepsy, pooling data from 24 research centres in 14 countries across Europe, North and South America, Asia, and Australia. Structural brain measures were extracted from MRI brain scans across 2149 individuals with epilepsy, divided into four epilepsy subgroups including idiopathic generalized epilepsies (n =367), mesial temporal lobe epilepsies with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE; left, n = 415; right, n = 339), and all other epilepsies in aggregate (n = 1026), and compared to 1727 matched healthy controls. We ranked brain structures in order of greatest differences between patients and controls, by meta-analysing effect sizes across 16 subcortical and 68 cortical brain regions. We also tested effects of duration of disease, age at onset, and age-by-diagnosis interactions on structural measures. We observed widespread patterns of altered subcortical volume and reduced cortical grey matter thickness. Compared to controls, all epilepsy groups showed lower volume in the right thalamus (Cohen's d = -0.24 to -0.73; P < 1.49 × 10-4), and lower thickness in the precentral gyri bilaterally (d = -0.34 to -0.52; P < 4.31 × 10-6). Both MTLE subgroups showed profound volume reduction in the ipsilateral hippocampus (d = -1.73 to -1.91, P < 1.4 × 10-19), and lower thickness in extrahippocampal cortical regions, including the precentral and paracentral gyri, compared to controls (d = -0.36 to -0.52; P < 1.49 × 10-4). Thickness differences of the ipsilateral temporopolar, parahippocampal, entorhinal, and fusiform gyri, contralateral pars triangularis, and bilateral precuneus, superior frontal and caudal middle frontal gyri were observed in left, but not right, MTLE (d = -0.29 to -0.54; P < 1.49 × 10-4). Contrastingly, thickness differences of the ipsilateral pars opercularis, and contralateral transverse temporal gyrus, were observed in right, but not left, MTLE (d = -0.27 to -0.51; P < 1.49 × 10-4). Lower subcortical volume and cortical thickness associated with a longer duration of epilepsy in the all-epilepsies, all-other-epilepsies, and right MTLE groups (beta, b < -0.0018; P < 1.49 × 10-4). In the largest neuroimaging study of epilepsy to date, we provide information on the common epilepsies that could not be realistically acquired in any other way. Our study provides a robust ranking of brain measures that can be further targeted for study in genetic and neuropathological studies. This worldwide initiative identifies patterns of shared grey matter reduction across epilepsy syndromes, and distinctive abnormalities between epilepsy syndromes, which inform our understanding of epilepsy as a network disorder, and indicate that certain epilepsy syndromes involve more widespread structural compromise than previously assumed.

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that vigorous anti-viral T cell responses are detectable in vitro several years after clinical recovery from acute hepatitis B, suggesting that long-term maintenance of an active anti-Viral Tcell response could be important not only for protection against reinfection but also for keeping the persisting virus under tight control.
Abstract: The molecular and cellular basis of long-term T cell mem- ory against viral antigens is still largely undefined. To char- acterize anti-viral protection by memory T cells against non-cytopathic viruses able to cause acute self-limited and chronic infections, such as the hepatitis B virus (HBV), we studied HLA class II restricted responses against HBV struc- tural antigens in 17 patients with acute hepatitis B, during the acute stage of infection and 2.2 to 13 yr after clinical resolu- tion of disease. Results indicate that: (a) significant T cell proliferative responses to HBV nucleocapsid antigens were detectable in all patients during the acute phase of infection and in 14/17 also 2-13 yr after clinical resolution of disease; b) long-lasting T cell responses were sustained by CD45RO 1 T cells, predominantly expressing the phenotype of recently activated cells; c) limiting dilution analysis showed that in some patients the frequency of HBV-specific T cells was comparable to that observed in the acute stage of infection and, usually, higher than in patients with chronic HBV in- fection; d) the same amino acid sequences were recognized by T cells in the acute and recovery phases of infection; and e) HBV-DNA was detectable by nested-PCR in approxi- mately half of the subjects. In conclusion, our results show that vigorous anti-viral T cell responses are detectable in vitro several years after clin- ical recovery from acute hepatitis B. Detection of minute amounts of virus in some recovered subjects suggests that long-term maintenance of an active anti-viral T cell re- sponse could be important not only for protection against reinfection but also for keeping the persisting virus under tight control. ( J. Clin. Invest. 1996. 98:1185-1194.) Key words: viremiacytokinestetanustoxoidHBV nucleo- capsid antigensHBV envelope antigens

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This guideline for the treatment of segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo has been developed by the members of the Vitiligo European Task Force and other colleagues and summarizes evidence‐based and expert‐based recommendations (S1 level).
Abstract: The aetiopathogenic mechanisms of vitiligo are still poorly understood, and this has held back progress in diagnosis and treatment. Up until now, treatment guidelines have existed at national levels, but no common European viewpoint has emerged. This guideline for the treatment of segmental and nonsegmental vitiligo has been developed by the members of the Vitiligo European Task Force and other colleagues. It summarizes evidence-based and expert-based recommendations (S1 level).

296 citations


Authors

Showing all 27699 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Charles A. Dinarello1901058139668
D. M. Strom1763167194314
Gregory Y.H. Lip1693159171742
Christopher M. Dobson1501008105475
Dirk Inzé14964774468
Thomas Hebbeker1481984114004
Marco Zanetti1451439104610
Richard B. Devereux144962116403
Gunther Roland1411471100681
Markus Klute1391447104196
Tariq Aziz138164696586
Guido Tonelli138145897248
Giorgio Trinchieri13843378028
Christof Roland137130896632
Christoph Paus1371585100801
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023244
2022631
20215,298
20205,251
20194,652
20184,147