Institution
University of Florence
Education•Florence, Toscana, Italy•
About: University of Florence is a education organization based out in Florence, Toscana, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbonic anhydrase. The organization has 27292 authors who have published 79599 publications receiving 2341684 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli studi di Firenze & Universita degli studi di Firenze.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: This review begins by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete variable systems, and considers aspects of device independence, satellite challenges, and high rate protocols based on continuous variable systems.
Abstract: Quantum cryptography is arguably the fastest growing area in quantum
information science. Novel theoretical protocols are designed on a regular
basis, security proofs are constantly improving, and experiments are
gradually moving from proof-of-principle lab demonstrations to in-field
implementations and technological prototypes. In this paper, we provide
both a general introduction and a state-of-the-art description of the
recent advances in the field, both theoretical and experimental. We start
by reviewing protocols of quantum key distribution based on discrete
variable systems. Next we consider aspects of device independence,
satellite challenges, and protocols based on continuous-variable systems.
We will then discuss the ultimate limits of point-to-point private
communications and how quantum repeaters and networks may overcome these
restrictions. Finally, we will discuss some aspects of quantum
cryptography beyond standard quantum key distribution, including quantum
random number generators and quantum digital signatures.
769 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that a transition across the major energy barrier for unfolding is not essential and that aggregation may well be initiated from locally unfolded states that become accessible, for example, via thermal fluctuations occurring under physiological conditions.
Abstract: The conversion of proteins from their soluble states into well-organized fibrillar aggregates is associated with a wide range of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases and systemic amyloidoses. In this review, we discuss the mechanism of aggregation of globular proteins under conditions in which they are initially folded. Although a conformational change of the native state is generally necessary to initiate aggregation, we show that a transition across the major energy barrier for unfolding is not essential and that aggregation may well be initiated from locally unfolded states that become accessible, for example, via thermal fluctuations occurring under physiological conditions. We review recent evidence on this topic and discuss its significance for understanding the onset and potential inhibition of protein aggregation in the context of diseases.
764 citations
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TL;DR: Key characteristics of adenosine release in the brain in response to different stimuli will be summarized, and studies performed to evaluateadenosine concentrations under physiological and hypoxic/ischemic conditions will be described to evaluate the degree of adenoine receptor activation.
Abstract: Adenosine has several functions within the CNS that involve an inhibitory tone of neurotransmission and neuroprotective actions in pathological conditions. The understanding of adenosine production and release in the brain is therefore of fundamental importance and has been extensively studied. Conflicting results are often obtained regarding the cellular source of adenosine, the stimulus that induces release and the mechanism for release, in relation to different experimental approaches used to study adenosine production and release. A neuronal origin of adenosine has been demonstrated through electrophysiological approaches showing that neurones can release significant quantities of adenosine, sufficient to activate adenosine receptors and to modulate synaptic functions. Specific actions of adenosine are mediated by different receptor subtypes (A(1), A(2A), A(2B) and A(3)), which are activated by various ranges of adenosine concentrations. Another important issue is the measurement of adenosine concentrations in the extracellular fluid under different conditions in order to know the degree of receptor stimulation and understand adenosine central actions. For this purpose, several experimental approaches have been used both in vivo and in vitro, which provide an estimation of basal adenosine levels in the range of 50-200 nM. The purpose of this review is to describe pathways of adenosine production and metabolism, and to summarize characteristics of adenosine release in the brain in response to different stimuli. Finally, studies performed to evaluate adenosine concentrations under physiological and hypoxic/ischemic conditions will be described to evaluate the degree of adenosine receptor activation.
759 citations
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University of Rome Tor Vergata1, University of Edinburgh2, University of Michigan3, Leiden University4, King's College London5, Imperial College London6, University of Genoa7, St. Elizabeth's Medical Center8, University of London9, Dartmouth College10, National Jewish Health11, University of Barcelona12, Sapienza University of Rome13, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust14, University of Florence15, Erasmus University Rotterdam16, University of Washington17, University College London18, Maastricht University19
TL;DR: The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society jointly created a Task Force on “Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers” to inform the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease research community about the possible use and limitations of current outcomes and markers.
Abstract: The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society jointly created a Task Force on "Outcomes for COPD pharmacological trials: from lung function to biomarkers" to inform the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease research community about the possible use and limitations of current outcomes and markers when evaluating the impact of a pharmacological therapy. Based on their review of the published literature, the following document has been prepared with individual sections that address specific outcomes and markers, and a final section that summarises their recommendations.
756 citations
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TL;DR: Extended HDTBR has a different impact on CCA and CFA structure and flow, probably depending on the characteristics of the vascular bed perfused.
Abstract: The effects of simulated microgravity on the static and dynamic properties of large arteries are still mostly unknown. The present study evaluated, using an integrated vascular approach, changes in structure and function of the common carotid and femoral arteries (CCA and CFA) after prolonged head-down tilt bed rest (HDTBR). Ten healthy men were enrolled in a 5-week HDTBR study endorsed by the Italian Space Agency (ASI). Arterial geometry, flow, stiffness, and shear rate were evaluated by ultrasound. Local carotid pulse pressure and wave reflection were studied by applanation tonometry. After five weeks of HDTBR, CFA showed a decrease in lumen diameter without significant changes in wall thickness (IMT), resulting in an inward remodeling. Local carotid pulse pressure decreased and carotid-to-brachial pressure amplification increased. The ratio of systolic-to-diastolic volumetric flow in CFA decreased, whereas in CCA it tended to increase. Indices of arterial stiffness and shear rate did not change during HDTBR, either in CCA or CFA. In summary, prolonged HDTBR has a different impact on CCA and CFA structure and flow, probably depending on the characteristics of the vascular bed perfused.
751 citations
Authors
Showing all 27699 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Christopher M. Dobson | 150 | 1008 | 105475 |
Dirk Inzé | 149 | 647 | 74468 |
Thomas Hebbeker | 148 | 1984 | 114004 |
Marco Zanetti | 145 | 1439 | 104610 |
Richard B. Devereux | 144 | 962 | 116403 |
Gunther Roland | 141 | 1471 | 100681 |
Markus Klute | 139 | 1447 | 104196 |
Tariq Aziz | 138 | 1646 | 96586 |
Guido Tonelli | 138 | 1458 | 97248 |
Giorgio Trinchieri | 138 | 433 | 78028 |
Christof Roland | 137 | 1308 | 96632 |
Christoph Paus | 137 | 1585 | 100801 |