Institution
University of Florence
Education•Florence, Toscana, Italy•
About: University of Florence is a education organization based out in Florence, Toscana, Italy. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Carbonic anhydrase. The organization has 27292 authors who have published 79599 publications receiving 2341684 citations. The organization is also known as: Università degli studi di Firenze & Universita degli studi di Firenze.
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Temple University1, SUNY Downstate Medical Center2, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai3, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich4, University of Salamanca5, University of Maryland, Baltimore6, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine7, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research8, Lutheran Medical Center9, Morehouse School of Medicine10, Nara Medical University11, National Technical University of Athens12, University of Glasgow13, University of Florence14, United Arab Emirates University15, Creighton University16, Shanmugha Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy17, University of Rome Tor Vergata18, Purdue University19, Wayne State University20, New York Medical College21, Mayo Clinic22
TL;DR: Natural compounds found to inhibit one or more pathways that contribute to proliferation have been found and will be very important for identifying signaling pathways and molecular targets that may provide early diagnostic markers and/or critical targets for the development of new drugs or drug combinations that block tumor formation and progression.
429 citations
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TL;DR: The data suggest that IL-12 primes the clone progenitors, inducing their differentiation to high IFN-gamma-producing clones, as well as suggesting that Th clones respond to IL- 12 treatment either with a stable priming forIFN- gamma production or with only a transient low level expression of the IFN -gamma gene, depending on their stage of differentiation.
Abstract: Interleukin 12 (IL-12) facilitates the generation of a T helper type 1 (Th1) response, with high interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production, while inhibiting the generation of IL-4-producing Th2 cells in polyclonal cultures of both human and murine T cells and in vivo in the mouse. In this study, we analyzed the effect of IL-12, present during cloning of human T cells, on the cytokine profile of the clones. The culture system used allows growth of clones from virtually every T cell, and thus excludes the possibility that selection of precommitted Th cell precursors plays a role in determining characteristics of the clones. IL-12 present during the cloning procedures endowed both CD4+ and CD8+ clones with the ability to produce IFN-gamma at levels severalfold higher than those observed in clones generated in the absence of IL-12. This priming was stable because the high levels of IFN-gamma production were maintained when the clones were cultured in the absence of IL-12 for 11 d. The CD4+ and some of the CD8+ clones produced variable amounts of IL-4. Unlike IFN-gamma, IL-4 production was not significantly different in clones generated in the presence or absence of IL-12. These data suggest that IL-12 primes the clone progenitors, inducing their differentiation to high IFN-gamma-producing clones. The suppression of IL-4-producing cells observed in polyclonally generated T cells in vivo and in vitro in the presence of IL-12 is not observed in this clonal model, suggesting that the suppression depends more on positive selection of non-IL-4-producing cells than on differentiation of individual clones. However, antigen-specific established Th2 clones that were unable to produce IFN-gamma with any other inducer did produce IFN-gamma at low but significant levels when stimulated with IL-12 in combination with specific antigen or insoluble anti-CD3 antibodies. This induction of IFN-gamma gene expression was transient, because culture of the established clones with IL-12 for up to 1 wk did not convert them into IFN-gamma producers when stimulated in the absence of IL-12. These results suggest that Th clones respond to IL-12 treatment either with a stable priming for IFN-gamma production or with only a transient low level expression of the IFN-gamma gene, depending on their stage of differentiation.
429 citations
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TL;DR: The utility of indicators of dietary diversity to predict adequate intake of micronutrient intake in the diets of young non-breast-feeding children is demonstrated.
Abstract: Micronutrient malnutrition remains a problem of public health concern in most developing countries, partly due to monotonous, cereal-based diets that lack diversity. The study objective was to assess whether dietary diversity score (DDS) based on a simple count of food groups consumed and DDS using a 10-g minimum intake for each food group (DDS 10g) are good indicators of adequate micronutrient intake in 24-71-mo-old non-breast-feeding Filipino children. Pearson's correlation and linear regression were used to assess the utility of DDS and DDS 10g as indicators of micronutrient intake. Sensitivity and specificity analysis were used to determine the most appropriate cut-off point for using DDS to categorize children with high probability of adequate micronutrient intake. The average diet of the sample population consisted of 4-5 food groups. The mean probability of adequate nutrient intake (MPA) of 11 micronutrients was 33%. The Pearson's correlation coefficient between MPA and DDS was 0.36 (P<0.001) and for DDS 10g it increased to 0.44 (P<0.001). Intake of individual micronutrients was correlated to DDS for most nutrients. When maximizing sensitivity and specificity, the best cut-off points for achieving 50 and 75% probability of adequate micronutrient intake were 5 and 6 food groups, respectively. DDS and DDS 10g were both significant predictors of adequate micronutrient intake. This study demonstrates the utility of indicators of dietary diversity to predict adequate intake of micronutrients in the diets of young non-breast-feeding children.
428 citations
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428 citations
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TL;DR: Several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by CA isozymes present in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, related to respiration and transport of CO(2)/bicarbonate between metabolizing tissues and the lungs, pH andCO(2) homeostasis, electrolyte secretion in a variety of tissues/organs, biosynthetic reactions, and more.
Abstract: Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are widespread metalloenzymes all over the phylogenetic tree, with at least 4 distinct gene families encoding for them. At least 16 different alpha-CA isoforms were isolated in mammals, where these enzymes play crucial physiological roles. Representatives of the beta-delta-CA family are highly abundant in plants, diatoms, eubacteria and archaea. These enzymes are efficient catalysts for the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate, but at least the alpha-CAs possess a high versatility, being able to catalyze different other hydrolytic processes The catalytic mechanism of the alpha-CAs is understood in detail: the active site consists of a Zn(II) ion co-ordinated by three histidine residues and a water molecule/hydroxide ion. The latter is the active species, acting as a potent nucleophile. For beta- and gamma-CAs, the zinc hydroxide mechanism is valid too, although at least some beta-class enzymes do not have water directly coordinated to the metal ion. CAs are inhibited by two classes of compounds: the metal complexing anions and the sulfonamides and their isosteres (sulfamates, sulfamides etc.) possessing the general formula RXSO(2)NH(2) (R = aryl; hetaryl; perhaloalkyl; X = nothing, O or NH). At least 25 clinically used drugs/agents in clinical development show applications as diuretics and antiglaucoma drugs, anticonvulsants, with some compounds being developed as anticancer agents/diagnostic tools for tumors, antiobesity agents, and antimicrobials/antifungals (inhibitors targeting CAs from pathogenic organisms such as Helicobacter pylori, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium falciparum, Candida albicans, etc). Several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by CA isozymes present in organisms all over the phylogenetic tree, related to respiration and transport of CO(2)/bicarbonate between metabolizing tissues and the lungs, pH and CO(2) homeostasis, electrolyte secretion in a variety of tissues/organs, biosynthetic reactions, such as the gluconeogenesis and ureagenesis among others (in animals), CO(2) fixation (in plants and algae), etc. The presence of these ubiquitous enzymes in so many tissues and in so different isoforms, represents an attractive goal for the design of inhibitors or activators with biomedical applications.
428 citations
Authors
Showing all 27699 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Charles A. Dinarello | 190 | 1058 | 139668 |
D. M. Strom | 176 | 3167 | 194314 |
Gregory Y.H. Lip | 169 | 3159 | 171742 |
Christopher M. Dobson | 150 | 1008 | 105475 |
Dirk Inzé | 149 | 647 | 74468 |
Thomas Hebbeker | 148 | 1984 | 114004 |
Marco Zanetti | 145 | 1439 | 104610 |
Richard B. Devereux | 144 | 962 | 116403 |
Gunther Roland | 141 | 1471 | 100681 |
Markus Klute | 139 | 1447 | 104196 |
Tariq Aziz | 138 | 1646 | 96586 |
Guido Tonelli | 138 | 1458 | 97248 |
Giorgio Trinchieri | 138 | 433 | 78028 |
Christof Roland | 137 | 1308 | 96632 |
Christoph Paus | 137 | 1585 | 100801 |