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Showing papers by "University of Florida published in 1981"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a general coupled-cluster method valid for arbitrary multideterminantal reference states is formulated and the resulting cluster expansion for the wave function is a generalization of that introduced by Silverstone and Sinano and applied by Sinano\ifmmode \check{g}else \v{g}\fi{}lu and collaborators.
Abstract: A general coupled-cluster method valid for arbitrary multideterminantal reference states is formulated. The resulting cluster expansion for the wave function is a generalization of that introduced by Silverstone and Sinano\ifmmode \check{g}\else \v{g}\fi{}lu and applied by Sinano\ifmmode \check{g}\else \v{g}\fi{}lu and collaborators. The connected nature of the cluster operators and the effective interaction is proven in the case when the reference space is complete, i.e., is invariant under unitary transformations of partly occupied orbitals. For incomplete reference spaces the disconnected terms appearing in the effective interaction are properly generated by the coupled-cluster theory. Approximate schemes for solving coupled-cluster equations are proposed and their relation with perturbation theory is briefly discussed.

776 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the empirical relationship between economic growth and export expansion in developing countries as observed through an intercountry cross-section was analyzed, and the results indicated that export performance was important, along with capital formation, in explaining the intercountry variance in GDP growth rates during the 1960-1977 period.

704 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: These tests, which involve rat peritoneal macrophages in culture and a mouse pulmonary biomaterial embolus model, indicate the biocompatibility of bioglass powders.
Abstract: Evidence for the lack of toxicity of various bioglass formulations has been deduced from studies carried out, both in vivo and in vitro, in several different centers. Recent studies of the authors, described here, include testing of solid bioglass implants in the soft tissues of rats and rabbits for time periods of up to eight weeks. Two new techniques are described for the toxicological testing of particulate biomaterials. These tests, which involve rat peritoneal macrophages in culture and a mouse pulmonary biomaterial embolus model, indicate the biocompatibility of bioglass powders. Thus, the surface activity so critical in bone adhesion is without toxic effect in non-osseous tissues in contact with solid bioglass implants. Should wear occur and produce particulate bioglass, the material should be eliminated without consequence.

440 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Analysis of variance revealed that sarcomere length measurement was not significantly affected by the method of measurement or by the technician, whereas the two microscope methods required 45 and 66 measurements, respectively.

437 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Prenatal exposure to ethanol permanently reduced the number of prenatally formed hippocampal neurons without altering physical growth, which suggested that the developing nervous system is particularly sensitive to the toxic effects of ethanol.

388 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an algorithm is developed for the simultaneous optimization of several response functions that depend on the same set of controllable variables and are adequately represented by polynomial regression models of the same degree.
Abstract: An algorithm is developed for the simultaneous optimization of several response functions that depend on the same set of controllable variables and are adequately represented by polynomial regression models of the same degree. The data are first checked for linear dependencies among the responses. If such dependencies exist, a basic set of responses among which no linear functional relationships exist is chosen and used in developing a function that measures the distance of the vector of estimated responses from the estimated “ideal” optimum. This distance function permits the user to account for the variances and covariances of the estimated responses and for the random error variation associated with the estimated ideal optimum. Suitable operating conditions for the simultaneous optimization of the responses are specified by minimizing the prescribed distance function over the experimental region. An extension of the optimization procedure to mixture experiments is also given and the method is illustrat...

386 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The sound transmission method for measuring interjaw force during chewing, which was developed as part of this project, proved to be practical for research purposes and accurate to within 15 ms.
Abstract: Forces during the phase of occlusal contact during chewing and swallowing are surprisingly high (36.2% and 41%), about 40% of the subject's maximum biting force. Previous studies using transducers in fixed partial dentures measured only a portion of the total force and have given the impression that chewing forces are much less than the data reported in this study. The importance of occlusal stability in the intercuspal position is of utmost clinical significance. Steep anterior guidance does not appear to expose the teeth to extreme lateral forces. The gliding contacts of the teeth while entering and leaving the intercuspal position have been shown to be of short duration and low magnitude when compared with the forces generated in the intercuspal position. During chewing, the peak occlusal force occurred well after the peak EMG activity. EMG activity by itself does not directly correlate with the force generated during chewing. The sound transmission method for measuring interjaw force during chewing, which was developed as part of this project, proved to be practical for research purposes. No intraoral devices are required, and the time relationship to force is accurate to within 15 ms.

355 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1981-Cancer
TL;DR: The results of surgical treatment in 40 patients with a soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh were analyzed to determine the influence of the anatomic setting on the effectiveness of the procedure.
Abstract: The results of surgical treatment in 40 patients with a soft tissue sarcoma of the thigh were analyzed to determine the influence of the anatomic setting on the effectiveness of the procedure. The anatomic setting, based on functional anatomic compartments, was defined as either intra- or extracompartmental. The lesions were graded for aggressiveness as either high or low. The lesions were staged by biologic aggressiveness, anatomic setting, and metastases. The procedures, whether amputations or local resections, were classified by the relationship of the surgical margin to the pseudocapsule and reactive zone about the lesion as marginal, wide, or radical. Marginal procedures were done four times with two recurrences. Wide margins were achieved 12 times. When done for low grade lesions, there were no recurrences (0/2), but when done for high grade lesions, the recurrence rate was 30% (3/10). Radical margins were obtained 24 times. There was one recurrence after a radical procedure. Recurrence rates did not depend upon whether the procedure was a resection or amputation but upon the margin achieved. The anatomic setting of the lesion was intracompartmental in 13 cases and extracompartmental in 27. Not only were surgically adequate margins achieved more often for intracompartmental lesions (10/13) than for extracompartmental lesions (17/27), but there was a significant difference in the manner required to achieve an adequate margin. Although 9 of the 13 intracompartmental lesions were amenable to nonablative resection, only 3 of 27 extracompartmental lesions were resectable. The margin required for local control (wide vs. radical) was dictated by the biologic aggressiveness (grade) of the lesion. How the necessary margin was most satisfactorily achieved (resection vs. amputation) was determined by the anatomic setting (intra- vs. extracompartmental).

348 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bacteria associated with phony disease of peach (PDP) and plum leaf scald (PLS) were consistently isolated from diseased trees but not from healthy trees, and no discernible differences were observed between strains associated with PDP and PLS in the United States and Brazil.
Abstract: Bacteria associated with phony disease of peach (PDP) and plum leaf scald (PLS) were consistently isolated from diseased trees but not from healthy trees. Colonies of the bacteria grew slowly on PW agar, reaching 0.2 mm to 0.7 mm in diameter in 2 to 3 weeks. The bacteria did not grow on nutrient agar or other general-purpose media. Cells of the bacteria were 0.3 μm to 0.4 μm in width and 2.6 μm to 20.0 μm in length. The topography of the cell walls revealed numerous ridges and furrows. Cells extracted from diseased plants and those from culture gave a strong fluorescence when stained with immunoglobulin G to cells and purified membranes of the bacteria extracted from peach and plum in earlier studies. Immunoglobulin G to cells of the Pierce's disease bacterium from culture also reacted with the bacteria. No discernible differences were observed between strains associated with PDP and PLS in the United States and PLS in Brazil.

325 citations


Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electron propagator is employed in molecular theory for the calculation of electron binding energies as well as for photoionization cross sections and intensities related to various spectrometric processes.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes that the electron propagator is being employed in molecular theory primarily for the calculation of electron binding energies as well as for photoionization cross sections and intensities related to various spectrometric processes. The usefulness of propagator theory is by no means limited to the realm of electron binding energies. All areas of spectrometry can be given a unified treatment and the solution of the equation of motion for the appropriate propagator yields a spectral density function and energy differences from which expectation values and spectra can be obtained. The chapter reviews some of the basic definitions and introduces the notations of the electron propagator. The decoupling problem is stated and general methods of approximation are discussed using a spin orbital basis. The direct pole-residue search is described and implemented. It is discussed for the solution of the working equations to produce the spectral representation of the electron propagator. The emphasis is placed on the calculation of relative intensities of lines in photoelectron spectra.

316 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is predicted that CMV infections will cease to be a problem only when the means are found to specifically block transplantation immunity, thereby eliminating the need for systemic immunosuppression and eliminating low-level host-vs-graft responses.
Abstract: This collective review of the literature concerns posttransplantation cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. In the author's view, patients without previous CMV infection are most often infected by viruses transmitted with the transplanted kidney, whereas patients with prior infections can be infected either from this source or by reactivation of latent CMV. Many posttransplantation CMV infections are asymptomatic or yield only mild systemic effects. A few patients suffer life-threatening disease. However, CMV infections might adversely affect survival of both graft and patient by contributing to graft rejection, weakening the graft recipient's immunity, or by other, more indirect, means. Currently, there is no effective, specific treatment of these infections. It is predicted that CMV infections will cease to be a problem only when the means are found to specifically block transplantation immunity, thereby eliminating the need for systemic immunosuppression and eliminating low-level host-vs.-graft responses.


Journal ArticleDOI
10 Apr 1981-Science
TL;DR: The Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy experiment detected two distinct kinds of radio emissions from Saturn, one of which is strongly polarized, bursty, tightly correlated with Saturn's rotation, and exhibits complex dynamic spectral features somewhat reminiscent of those in Jupiter's radio emission.
Abstract: The Voyager 1 planetary radio astronomy experiment detected two distinct kinds of radio emissions from Saturn. The first, Saturn kilometric radiation, is strongly polarized, bursty, tightly correlated with Saturn's rotation, and exhibits complex dynamic spectral features somewhat reminiscent of those in Jupiter's radio emission. It appears in radio frequencies below about 1.2 megahertz. The second kind of radio emission, Saturn electrostatic discharge, is unpolarized, extremely impulsive, loosely correlated with Saturn's rotation, and very broadband, appearing throughout the observing range of the experiment (20.4 kilohertz to 40.2 megahertz). Its sources appear to lie in the planetary rings.

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Dec 1981-Science
TL;DR: Chemical, paleontological, and mineralogical analyses of a 7.5-meter core from the middle of Lake Valencia, Venezuela, have provided information on the paleoclimatic history of this low-elevation, low-latitude site for the last 13,000 years.
Abstract: Chemical, paleontological, and mineralogical analyses of a 7.5-meter core from the middle of Lake Valencia, Venezuela, have provided information on the paleoclimatic history of this low-elevation, low-latitude site for the last 13,000 years. The data show that dry climates existed in this region from 13,000 years before present (B.P.) until about 10,000 years B.P. The Lake Valencia Basin was occupied by intermittent saline marshes at that time. About 10,000 years B.P., a permanent lake of fluctuating salinity formed and arboreal plant communities replaced the earlier dominant xeric herbaceous vegetation and marsh plants. By 8500 years B.P., Lake Valencia reached moderate to low salinities and discharged water; the modern vegetation became established at that time. After 8500 years B.P., the lake twice ceased discharging as a result of reduced watershed moisture. The second of these drying episodes is still in progress and has been aggravated by human activities in the watershed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that noradrenergic involvement in age-related memory dysfunction should receive more serious consideration and that norepinephrine has frequently been implicated in processes related to memory, including arousal, attention, and neural plasticity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The Fishbein-Ajzen behavioral-intentions model as discussed by the authors is designed to represent the effect of attitudes and subjective norms on behavioral intentions, and evidence for its validity flows largely from its generally good performance in predicting behavioral intentions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rapid clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis in Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum is reported and the regenerated plants showed normal chromosome numbers.
Abstract: Immature embryos as well as explants obtained from young inflorescences of Pennisetum atnericanum (pearl millet) give rise to callus tissues on nutrient media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). A compact and pale-yellow callus that arises from the peripheral cells of the scutellum, and from the young inflorescences, undergoes further organized growth. When transferred to a 2,4-D-free medium, supplemented with indole-acetic acid or kinetin, or both, embryoids are formed in the organized areas of the callus. Embryoids show a bipolar organization with a shoot-coleorhiza (root) axis and have a coleoptile-like structure surrounded at the base by a cup-shaped structure that resembles the scutellum in texture and morphology. Embryoids show bilateral or radial symmetry and "germinate" in vitro to form plants that have been grown to maturity in soil. Similar embryogenic callus cultures have been produced from young inflorescence tissues of hybrid Pennisetum, a triploid sexually sterile hybrid of P. americanum x P. purpureum. Plants derived from these have also been transferred to soil. The regenerated plants showed normal chromosome numbers. REGENERATION of plants from cultured immature embryos and inflorescence tissues of several species of cereals and grasses has been described (Thomas and Wernicke, 1978; Thomas, King and Potrykus 1979; I. K. Vasil, Ahuja and Vasil, 1979). In cereals it is the scutellar tissue of the immature embryo which proliferates in vitro (LaRue, 1952; Narayanaswamy, 1959; Norstog, 1970), and has the maximum potential for organogenesis and plant regeneration (Green and Phillips, 1975; Cummings, Green and Stuthman, 1976; Gamborg et al., 1977; Thomas, King and Potrykus, 1977; Gosch-Wackerle, Avivi and Galun, 1979; Rybczynski, 1979). Plant regeneration from hypocotyledonary explants of Pennisetum typhoideum has been reported by Rangan (1976). The differentiation of shoots in tissue cultures of cereals and grasses is not too frequent, and is often sporadic and short-lived. Plants are formed from shoot primordia that arise in centers of meristematic activity located in the surface layers of callus tissue cultures (Rangan, 1974; Dunstan et al., 1979; Nakano and Maeda, 1979; Shimada and Yamada, 1979; Springer, ' Received for publication 2 June 1980; revision accepted 11 October 1980. Florida Agriculture Experiment Station Journal Series No. 2462. This research was supported by the Florida Agriculture Experiment Station, and by the Science and Education Administration of the U.S. Department of Agriculture under Grant No. 5901-0510-8-0141-0 from the Competitive Research Grants Office. Green and Kohn, 1979). The phenomenon of somatic embryogenesis in cereals and grasses is even rarer (Gamborg, Constabel and Miller, 1970; Norstog, 1970; V. Vasil and Vasil, 1980, 1981). The formation of shoots and embryoids cannot be ascribed to any known plant growth substances, although it is generally known that shoot differentiation follows the transfer of callus tissues from a medium containing 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) to media devoid of this synthetic auxin, or containing very low concentrations. We report rapid clonal propagation via somatic embryogenesis in Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum. = P. typhoides (Burm.) Stapf & C. E. Hubb. (pearl or Indian millet), and hybrid Pennisetum (P. americanum x P. purpureum Schumach, Napier or elephant grass; Muldoon and Pearson, 1979). Both plants belong to the tribe Paniceae of the Gramineae, and are widely grown in the arid tropical and subtropical parts of Asia and Africa. Pearl millet is an important human food, and along with hybrid Pennisetum is also used extensively as a fodder crop. Our interest in the clonal propagation of these plants in vitro is related to our attempts to develop the necessary technology for the somatic hybridization and genetic manipulation of cereal crops through unconventional means. The regeneration of plants from cultured protoplasts, single cells, and callus tissue is a basic prerequisite that must be satisfied before any of these potentially useful techniques can be adopted for cereals (I. K. Vasil and Vasil, 1980). Pearl

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Payne et al. as mentioned in this paper extended the work reported in Payne, Laughhunn, and Crum on the need to incorporate a target return, reference point, or aspiration level concept in the analysis of risky choice behavior.
Abstract: This Note extends the work reported in Payne, Laughhunn, and Crum Payne, J. W., D. J. Laughhunn, R. Crum. 1980. Translation of gambles and aspiration level effects in risky choice behavior. Management Sci.26 1039-1060. on the need to incorporate a target return, reference point, or aspiration level concept in the analysis of risky choice behavior. Two experiments are reported. The first experiment provides a more complete test of the model of reference point effects developed by Payne, Laughhunn, and Crum. A translation of outcomes procedure, which adds a constant to all outcomes, was used to vary the relationship of pairs of gambles to an assumed target or reference point. The results fully support the model. The second experiment provides evidence of the conceptual validity of the model by using explicit instructions to vary the target levels of managers, while holding gamble values constant.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Oxygen consumptions of resting and trilling crickets were measured at various temperatures to identify the major factors determining the cost of stridulation and related factors are interspecific differences in file tooth depth and angle, wing mass, and wing velocity.
Abstract: 1. Oxygen consumptions of resting and trilling crickets were measured at various temperatures. Oscillograms taken at comparable temperatures were used to identify the major factors determining the cost of stridulation. 2. Species used wereAnurogryllus arboreus (mass ≃0.4 g), wing stroke rate at 23°C of 71 strokes per s; andOecanthus celerinictus andO. quadripunctatus, two sibling species, (masses ≃0.06 g), wing stroke rates at 23°C of 57 and 38 strokes per s respectively. 3. At 23°C the three species have similar total mass-specific metabolism during singing (\(\dot V_{O_2 }\) μl·(g·h)−1; Table 3) even though their wing stroke rates are different. 4. A. arboreus has no change in net singing metabolism with increasingTa; however, cost per wing stroke decreases slightly. TheOecanthus both increase their net singing costs with increasedTa and the cost per wing stroke remains roughly constant.O. quadripunctatus has a cost per wing stroke about 1.6 timesO. celerinictus (Tables 1, 3; Fig. 10).A. arboreus does not elevate its thoracic temperature significantly while stridulating and it is doubtful that tree crickets thermoregulate due to their small size. 5. The cost of singing inA. arboreus varies from 10 to 16 times resting; inOecanthus, from 6 to 12 times resting (Table 3). 6. Although the two tree cricket species have different wing stroke rates at any common temperature, the number of file teeth struck per s is almost the same;A. arboreus strikes nearly twice as many teeth per s as do either of the tree crickets (Fig. 9). 7. The two factors that explain most of the variation in net cost of trilling are the wing stroke rate (Fig. 10) and the number of teeth struck·(wing stroke)−1. Related factors that merit study are interspecific differences in file tooth depth and angle, wing mass, and wing velocity. 8. For three species of crickets and two species of katydids the average net cost of trilling is about 1.5×10−5 ml O2·(g·wing stroke)−1 (Fig. 10). 9. Chirping should be energetically less expensive than trilling, with costs equivalent to the average cost per wing stroke times the total number of wing strokes per time. The latter factor is 10–95% lower in chirping species than in trillers. 10. An estimated daily respiratory energy budget shows calling taking about 56% of the daily respiratory budget ofO. celerinictus and 26% forA. arboreus (Table 4).

Journal ArticleDOI
18 Dec 1981-Science
TL;DR: A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain.
Abstract: A dihydropyridine-pyridinium salt type of redox system is used in a general and flexible method for the site-specific or sustained delivery (or both) of drugs to the brain. A biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Heart rate data collection and quantification guidelines are provided for the collection, quantification, and analysis of heart rate data.
Abstract: Publication guidelines are provided for the collection, quantification, and analysis of heart rate data.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The dopamine agonist, apomorphine, or antagonist, pimozide, failed to inhibit LH release induced by NAL in EBP rats, and norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission was selectively suppressed by an ...
Abstract: Ovariectomized rats received estradiol benzoate (EB; 7.5 μg/rat, on day 0 at 1000 h) and progesterone (P; 5 mg/rat, on day 2 at 1000 h). On day 2, these EB- and P-treated (EBP) rats received either saline (control; at 1215 and 1230 h), morphine sulfate (M; 45 μg/kg, at 1230 h), or naloxone (NAL; 2 μg/kg, at 1215 h), followed by M (at 1230 h), and were killed between 1445–1515 h. M treatment alone blocked the P-induced afternoon increases in serum LH and the medial basal hypothalamic LHRH levels, whereas NAL pretreatment counteracted the M-induced LH suppression. The involvement of central adrenergic systems in the M- and NAL-induced serum LH responses in EBP-treated and young male rats was next evaluated. In these rats, NAL injection elicited rapid increases in serum LH levels, which were blocked by M pretreatment. The dopamine agonist, apomorphine, or antagonist, pimozide, failed to inhibit LH release induced by NAL in EBP rats. When norepinephrine (NE) neurotransmission was selectively suppressed by an ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: For many years thereafter, pancreatic endocrine tumors were characterized as either insulin-producing or “nonfunctional,” the latter being derived from cells apparently devoid of clinically significant hormonal activity, but with time, other islet cell secretory products were discovered and their tumors identified with various clinical syndromes.
Abstract: Islet cell tumors of the pancreas have been described for over 50 yr. Although carcinoma arising from islet tissue had been noted since the turn of the century (1), not until 1927 was the first case of a hormonally active pancreatic neoplasm, an insulinoma, recorded (2). For many years thereafter, pancreatic endocrine tumors were characterized as either insulin-producing or “nonfunctional,” the latter being derived from cells apparently devoid of clinically significant hormonal activity. With time, however, other islet cell secretory products were discovered and their tumors identified with various clinical syndromes. Whereas the hypoglycemia of insulinomas and hyperacidity of gastrinomas figured prominently in the initial recognition of these neoplasms, the clinical signs of glucagon-producing tumors were less readily apparent and not as easily attributable to specific hormone excess. Becker and co-workers (3) are credited with the first description of a glucagonoma. Their case, reported in 1947 but diag...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study was conducted to test the reasoning that two types of dispositional self-consciousness would be associated with two different influences on compliance behavior, and the data from the study provided support for both of these predictions.

Book
01 Aug 1981
TL;DR: Hearing impairment is the third most prevalent chronic disability in the United States, and hearing loss in the speech frequency region is currently estimated to affect 29 million Americans ages 20–69 years based on 2003–2004 data.
Abstract: Hearing impairment is the third most prevalent chronic disability in the United States, and hearing loss in the speech frequency region (pure-tone average threshold at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kHz ≥ 25 dB) is currently estimated to affect 29 million Americans ages 20–69 years based on 2003–2004 data (16% of population; Agrawal et al. 2008). When the higher frequencies are considered (pure-tone average at 3, 4, and 6 kHz ≥ 25 HL), the number affected doubles (Agrawal et al. 2008). Consistent with this, the National Institutes of Health has estimated that some 15% of Americans between the ages of 20 and 69 have hearing loss at higher test frequencies, suggesting the hearing loss may have been caused by exposure to loud sound (National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders 2002).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It appears that most if not all of the drug-induced single strand breaks observed actually represent double-strand breaks, which may result from the action of an intracellular enzyme, perhaps topoisomerase, which breaks both strans in concert to relieve the topological strain caused by drug intercalation.

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: A review and evaluation of the advantages and limitations of laboratory equipment for measuring the shear strength of soils are presented in this article, which suggests that direct shear and simple shear devices are best utilized by designers who have gained experience applying the results from such tests to structures that have behaved satisfactorily.
Abstract: A review and evaluation of the advantages and limitations of laboratory equipment for measuring the shear strength of soils are presented. Equipment evaluated include direct shear, torsional shear, simple shear, triaxial,multiaxial (true triaxial), plane strain, hollow cylinder triaxial, and directional shear devices. The evaluation indicates that the impetus to obtain parameters for constitutive equations and modeling has resulted in the development of improved equipment and testing techniques; specifically, the development of multiaxial (true triaxial) and hollow cylinder triaxial test equipment. Although these devices are more versatile, the conventional solid cylinder triaxial test is still the most popular. The evaluation suggests that direct shear and simple shear devices are best utilized by designers who have gained experience applying the results from such tests to structures that have behaved satisfactorily. Proper consideration must be given to the effects of membrane penetration, end restraint saturation and consolidation procedures, and rates of loading in any testing program.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is urged that all patients with IDDM be screened for TMA and that those with positive results undergo annual thyroid function tests as well as determinations of gastric parietal and adrenocortical autoantibodies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An actual problem involving data from the Florida Longitudinal Project is presented to provide a practical example of many of the processes and problems involved in cluster analytic techniques.
Abstract: This report presents a selective overview of the cluster analysis literature and its potential uses in neuropsychology. In addition, an actual problem involving data from the Florida Longitudinal Project is presented to provide a practical example of many of the processes and problems involved in cluster analytic techniques. It is hoped that the reader will gain a theoretical and practical understanding of such methods and their potential usefulness in neuropsychology and other related areas.

Journal Article
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that chronic cough in some children may be a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity, and both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with theophylline, as well as exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity.
Abstract: Fifteen children who presented with chronic cough as an isolated manifestation of respiratory disease were evaluated for the presence of exercise-induced airway hyperreactivity. Pulmonary function tests using air and a helium/oxygen gas mixture were performed before exercise. Eight subjects were also evaluated by spirometry and maximum expiratory flow volume curves before and after isoproterenol inhalation on a separate day. Ten subjects had normal pulmonary function tests at rest and five had isolated minor abnormalities. No significant changes in pulmonary function tests were recorded after inhalation of isoproterenol in the eight subjects studied. Following exercise, all 15 subjects demonstrated changes in pulmonary function tests which were similar to those seen in children with mild exercise-induced bronchospasm. After institution of theophylline, exercise-induced decreases in flow rates low in the vital capacity were blocked in all subjects; however, several subjects had persistent mild decreases in peak flow. Within six months of discontinuing the theophylline, cough recurred in 11 of the 15 subjects. Nine subjects were restudied after return of their cough. Exercise again resulted in decreased lung function. Reinstitution of theophylline eliminated the cough in these nine subjects. This study demonstrates that chronic cough in some children may be a manifestation of airway hyperreactivity. Both the cough and the reactivity can be blocked with theophylline.