Showing papers by "University of Florida published in 1984"
TL;DR: Neglect is a failure to report, respond, or orient to contralateral stimuli that is not caused by an elemental sensorimotor deficit as mentioned in this paper, i.e., failure to respond, report or orient.
Abstract: Neglect is a failure to report, respond, or orient to contralateral stimuli that is not caused by an elemental sensorimotor deficit. Subtypes of neglect are distinguished by input (attentional) or output (intentional) demands, the distribution (personal, spatial, and representational), and the means of eliciting the signs (unilateral or bilateral stimuli). In this article we discuss how to assess patients for neglect, the pathophysiology of neglect, and the treatment of neglect.
1,879 citations
TL;DR: Two thousand four hundred human permanent teeth were decalcified, injected with dye, and cleared in order to determine the number ofRoot canals and their different types, the ramifications of the main root canals, the location of apical foramina and transverse anastomoses, and the frequency ofApical deltas.
1,685 citations
TL;DR: The available materials and their similarities, differences, and current clinical applications are reviewed.
Abstract: Since the discovery in 1969 of a man-made surface-active material that would bond to bone, a range of materials with the same ability has been developed. These include glass, glass-ceramic, and ceramic materials which have a range of reaction rates and from which it should be possible to select a surface-active material for a specific application. The available materials and their similarities, differences, and current clinical applications are reviewed.
895 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that groups are likely to bring under normative control only those behaviors that ensure group survival, increase the predictability of group members' behavior, avoid embarrassing interpersonal situations, or give expression to the group's central values.
Abstract: This paper examines why group norms are enforced and how group norms develop. It is argued here that groups are likely to bring under normative control only those behaviors that ensure group survival, increase the predictability of group members' behavior, avoid embarrassing interpersonal situations, or give expression to the group's central values. Group norms develop through explicit statements by supervisors or co-workers, critical events in the group's history, primacy, or carry-over behaviors from past situations.
868 citations
TL;DR: Lee Sailer as mentioned in this paper argued that a measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever and that a serious obstacle in the use of replications for increasing accuracy is the tendency to get closely agreeing repetitions for irrelevant reasons.
Abstract: Lee Sailer Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 "A measurement whose accuracy is completely unknown has no use whatever" [Wilson ( 1 07. p. 232)]. "A serious obstacle in the use of replications for increasing accuracy is the tendency to get closely agreeing repetitions for irrelevant reasons" [Wilson (107. p. 253)1. "My people don't lie to me" (Anonymous Anthropologist).
852 citations
TL;DR: Four published in vitro assays which measure cell cytotoxicity were compared utilizing murine tumor necrosis factor and it was shown how actinomycin D dosage, cell seeding density and time of incubation affect TNF titer.
758 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, expressions for static and dynamic properties in coupled-cluster (CC) theory are derived using diagrammatic techniques and shown how consideration of orbital relaxation effects in the theory introduces higher-order correlation effects.
Abstract: Expressions for static and dynamic properties in coupled-cluster (CC) theory are derived. In the static case, using diagrammatic techniques, it is shown how consideration of orbital relaxation effects in the theory introduces higher-order correlation effects. For the dynamic case, excitation energy expressions are obtained without consideration of orbital relaxation effects and shown to be equivalent to an equation of motion (EOM) approach subject to a coupled-cluster ground-state wave function and an excitation operator consisting of single and double excitations. Illustrative applications for excited states of ethylene are reported.
586 citations
TL;DR: The chapter concludes that the basic actions of alcohols on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms share the same general principles.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the effects of alcohols on microorganisms. Alcohols are ubiquitous small molecules, which are produced both chemically and as products of microbial fermentation. Accumulation of alcohols in the microbial environment represents a form of environmental stress, analogous to extremes in pH value and temperature. The chapter discusses the action of ethanol and other alcohols on microorganisms, explains several important mechanisms of action. Alcohols have been employed for many years both as a disinfectant and as a preservative. Concentrations of ethanol above 15% result in immediate inactivation of most vegetative organisms, with spores being considerably more resistant. Low concentrations of ethanol also render bacteria more sensitive to inactivation by ionizing radiation and by lipophilic acids. The chapter concludes that the basic actions of alcohols on both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms share the same general principles. These effects appear to be dominated by the physicochemical properties of alcohols rather than involving specific receptors. All hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions in the cytosolic and envelope components of cells can potentially be affected. These include membranes, conformations of enzymes and macromolecules, activity coefficients of metabolites, permitivity, ionization potentials, pK values of functional groups, and pH value.
536 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a critical review on nitrogen transformations functioning in flooded soils and sediments, and their role in nitrogen loss from the system is presented. But, the review is limited to two processes: ammonification and denitrification.
Abstract: This paper presents a critical review on nitrogen (N) transformations functioning in flooded soils and sediments, and their role in N loss from the system. Nitrogen transformations reviewed include (1) ammonification (organic ? ammonium N) (2) nitrification (ammonium ? nitrate), (3) ammonia volatilization (ammonium N ? NH3), (4) denitrification (nitrate ? gaseous products N2O and N2). Transport processes reviewed were ammonium and nitrate diffusion. Inorganic N in flooded soils and sediments and waters is converted to gaseous forms by two processes, i.e., (1) nitrification‐denitrification; and (2) NH3 volatilization. The former process seems to be more predominantly involved in the ammonium N loss from the sediments, whereas the latter process occurs under specialized conditions, mainly in the overlying waters. The processes involved in converting organic N to gaseous end products include ammonification of organic N to ammonium N, upward diffusion of ammonium N into the aerobic soil layer, oxidation of am...
505 citations
TL;DR: The leakage of filler elements from four composites after storage in water was investigated by use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and confirmed previous findings that leaching of silicon from different composites is strongly dependent on filler composition.
Abstract: The leakage of filler elements from four composites after storage in water was investigated by use of atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results confirmed previous findings that leaching of silicon from different composites is strongly dependent on filler composition. Consideration of the total filler surface of each composite material indicated that quartz as well as pyrolytic silica-containing composites leached less silicon than did composites containing fillers of strontium and/or barium glasses. A correlation between leakage and crack formation in the matrix appeared to exist for all composites except for the microfilled resin. These cracks were explained as a result of osmotic pressure built up at the matrix-filler interface due to hydrolytic degradation of the filler. Of the investigated materials, the microfilled resin was found to be the most stable material in a wet environment with respect to crack formation. This finding was explained by filler composition, filler form, and the specific structure of the microfilled resin.
496 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: It is suggested that the epipodophyllotoxins exert their anti-cancer effects by "poisoning" type II topoisomerase without binding to DNA, which may be analogous to those of nalidixic acid in bacteria.
Abstract: Epipodophyllotoxins are an important new class of anticancer agents which include the compounds VM-26 (teniposide) and VP-16 (etoposide). The mechanism of action of these drugs appears to involve production of DNA single- and double-strand breaks by virtue of a temperature-sensitive interaction between drug and a heat-labile intranuclear component. We now report evidence indicating that type II topoisomerase is the likely intracellular target for the DNA strand-breaking effects of the epipodophyllotoxins. Both VM-26 and VP-16 stimulate site-specific DNA cleavage by a highly purified calf thymus type II topoisomerase. VM-26 is 5- to 10-fold more potent than VP-16 in this assay, a difference that is also seen when DNA strand breaks are assayed in isolated nuclei of mouse leukemia cells following drug exposure. Furthermore, a similar potency difference exists with respect to cytotoxicity. Equilibrium dialysis experiments using [3H]VP-16 indicate that the drug does not bind to DNA. Thus, we suggest that the epipodophyllotoxins exert their anti-cancer effects by "poisoning" type II topoisomerase without binding to DNA. In this regard, their actions may be analogous to those of nalidixic acid in bacteria.
TL;DR: One of the common rules of converting remainders, or residues, into integers as the Chinese Remainder Theorem, or CRT is referred to as the CRT today.
Abstract: The ancient study of the residue numbering system, or RNS, begins with a verse from a third-century book, Suan-ching, by Sun Tzu:* We have things of which we do not know the number, If we count them by threes, the remainder is 2, If we count them by fives, the remainder is 3, If we count them by sevens, the remainder is 2, How many things are there? The answer, 23. How to get the answer 23 is outlined in Sun Tzu's historic work. He presents a formula for manipulating remainders of an integer after division by 3, 5, and 7. We commemorate this contribution today by referring to one of the common rules of converting remainders, or residues, into integers as the Chinese Remainder Theorem, or CRT. This theorem, as well as the theory of residue numbers, was set forth in the 19th century by Carl Friedrich Gauss in his celebrated Disquisitiones Arithmetical.-t This 1700-year-old number system has been attracting a great deal of attention recently. Digital systems structured into residue arithmetic units may play an important role in ultra-speed, dedicated, real-time systems that support pure parallel processing of integer-valued data. It is a \"carry-free\" system that performs addition, subtraction, and multiplication as concurrent (parallel) operations, side-stepping one of the principal arithmetic delays managing carry information. The first attempt to use some of the unique RNS properties was made by D. H. Lenhmet who, in 1932, built a special-purpose machine he called the \"photo-electric sieve.\" This electro-mechanical device factored Mersenne *L. Dickson in the History of the Theorv of Numbers attributes the origin of the RNS to Sun Tsu (not Tzu) in the first centurv AD, but most scholars accept the Sun Tzu origin. numbers. Then in the mid-50's, the Czech researchers Svaboda and Valach conducted experiments on a hard-wired, small moduli RNS machine, which they used to study error codes. I The same idea apparently occurred to Aiken and Garner. 2 From the late 50's to mid-60's, the Department of Defense supported the RNS research by Szabo and Tanaka at Lockheed. They worked on a special-purpose digital correlator while a team from RCA looked into designing a general-purpose machine. Experimentally , these early efforts met with little success because winding the custom core memory required specialized residue mappings. The most tangible result of these early efforts was a comprehensive text written by Szabo and Tanaka, which survived only …
TL;DR: The nutritional ecology of macroherbivores in seagrass meadows and the roles of grazing by urchins, fishes and green turtles in tropical systems and waterfowl in temperate systems are discussed in this review.
Abstract: The nutritional ecology of macroherbivores in seagrass meadows and the roles of grazing by urchins, fishes and green turtles in tropical systems and waterfowl in temperate systems are discussed in this review. Only a few species of animals graze on living seagrasses, and apparently only a small portion of the energy and nutrients in seagrasses is usually channeled through these herbivores. The general paucity of direct seagrass grazers may be a function of several factors in the composition of seagrasses, including availability of nitrogen compounds, presence of relatively high amounts of structural cell walls, and presence of toxic or inhibitory substances. The macroherbivores, however, can have a profound effect on the seagrass plants, on other grazers and fauna associated with the meadow, and on chemical and decompositional processes occurring within the meadow. Grazing can alter the nutrient content and digestibility of the plant, as well as its productivity. Removal of leaf material can influence interrelations among permanent and transient faunal residents. Grazing also interrupts the detritus cycle. Possible consequences of this disruption, either through acceleration or through decreased source input, and the enhancement of intersystem coupling by increased export and offsite fecal production, are discussed. The extent and magnitude of these effects and their ecological significance in the overall functioning of seagrass meadows only can be speculated, and probably are not uniform or of similar importance in both tropical and temperate seagrass systems. However, areas grazed by large herbivores provide natural experiments in which to test hypotheses on many functional relations in seagrass meadows.
Book•
[...]
TL;DR: The interpretive history has been brought up to date in all areas, especially in its treatment of the recent developments in Central America, and features a new chapter on the Caribbean as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: The new edition of this interpretive history has been brought up to date in all areas, especially in its treatment of the recent developments in Central America, and features a new chapter on the Caribbean. As before, the authors illustrate such central themes as European-Indian and European-African interaction, large-scale immigration in the late 19th and 20th centuries, populist political leadership, military takeovers, and American intervention in the region, examining the influence of economic forces and social tensions on political conflict in each case and discussing recent economic developments.
TL;DR: It is the authors' impression that postoperative subconjunctival 5-FU increases the likelihood of achieving IOP control after filtering surgery in eyes with poor surgical prognoses; however, a randomized clinical trial is necessary to confirm this impression.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that complex relationships exist among environmental, organizational, and individual/group variables, and that these relationships and their salience change with the strategic and organizational design choices made by members of the dominant coalition.
TL;DR: In this article, the Gauss-Codazzi formalism is used to obtain exact solutions to Einstein's equations in the presence of domain walls and the motion of a spherical domain wall in an asymptotically flat space-time is derived.
Abstract: The Gauss-Codazzi formalism is used to obtain exact solutions to Einstein's equations in the presence of domain walls. Domain walls are shown to have repulsive gravitational fields. The most general solution to Einstein's equations for a planar domain wall is obtained. Also, the motion of a spherical domain wall in an asymptotically flat space-time is derived.
TL;DR: In this article, three sigmoidal growth equations were tested for their usefulness in fitting mammalian growth curves: the von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic equations were fitted to growth data by nonlinear regression techniques.
Abstract: Three sigmoidal growth equations were tested for their usefulness in fitting mammalian growth curves. The von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and logistic equations were fitted to growth data by nonlinear regression techniques. The residual sum of squares and deviations of predicted neonate, weaning, and adult masses from observed values were used as criteria to choose among the models. The von Bertalanffy equation provided the smallest residual sum of squares, while the Gompertz equation fitted equally well by this criterion. The logistic equation overestimated neonate mass and underestimated adult mass, the Gompertz overestimated neonate mass, and the von Bertalanffy overestimated weaning mass. The Gompertz model was chosen to fit a sample of 331 species; growth rate constants, K , for these species are presented. The relationship of K to adult mass was calculated and was found to have a slope similar to that of altricial birds. K -values were found to be comparable to those reported by Case (1978) and consistently higher than those of Millar (1977). Species having differing rates from those reported by Case or Millar were also identified; ground squirrels had faster growth rates and seals had slower growth rates when rate of growth was estimated by the Gompertz equation.
TL;DR: Findings suggest that neuropeptide Y may play a role in regulation of LH release in the rat, either independently or in concert with catecholamines.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that pancreatic extract decreases abdominal pain and that intraduodenal perfusion with proteases but not with amylase or lipase suppresses pancreatic exocrine secretion in patients with chronic pancreatitis.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that long-term disease-free survival in CML can be achieved with bone-marrow transplantation, and best results were obtained in patients transplanted during chronic phase of the disease.
TL;DR: It is shown that murine IFN-γ produced by recombinant DNA technology shows similar biological effects to BMFs from two other sources, and may be one of several molecules with a direct role in driving the maturation of resting B cells to active immunoglobulin secretion.
Abstract: Two classes of molecules often released after the interaction of T lymphocytes, macrophages and antigen are B-cell maturation factors (BMF)1-3 and immune (gamma) interferon (IFN-gamma)4-7. BMFs directly induce the maturation of resting B lymphocytes to the state of active immunoglobulin secretion, while IFN-gamma is defined by the reduction of viral infectivity in vitro. However, interferons have been shown to have a variety of effects and they have also been reported both to increase and decrease B-cell differentiation in intact animals and complex cellular mixtures in vitro. Here we show that murine IFN-gamma produced by recombinant DNA technology shows similar biological effects to BMFs from two other sources. All three preparations induce immunoglobulin secretion by both normal resting murine splenic B cells and the comparable B-cell tumour line WEHI-279.1 (refs 1, 3). IFN-gamma and the other two BMFs are not identical, however, as anti-IFN-gamma antibodies block the effects on B cells of IFN-gamma, but not those of the other two lymphokines. IFN-gamma may be one of several molecules with a direct role in driving the maturation of resting B cells to active immunoglobulin secretion.
TL;DR: In this article, a supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma model with Wess-Zumino topological terms was constructed by means of torsion on the field manifold.
Abstract: Supersymmetric two-dimensional sigma models which include Wess-Zumino topological terms are constructed, analyzed, and interpreted by means of torsion on the field manifold. One-loop renormalization results are presented geometrically, revealing that an infrared fixed point exists when the torsion parallelizes the manifold. The O(4)/O(3) model is used to illustrate general results.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the cell walls of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, Duch. Dover) receptacle tissue to determine if these wall polymers might be involved in softening of this fruit.
Abstract: Polyuronides and hemicelluloses derived from ethanol powders or cell walls of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa, Duch. Dover) receptacle tissue were examined to determine if these wall polymers might be involved in the softening of this fruit. Throughout maturation and ripening, total polyuronides increased on a per fruit basis although as a percentage of ethanol powder they remained constant. Gel-filtration chromatography confirmed that polyuronide solubility was not correlated with extensive enzymic hydrolysis, an observation consistent with the fact that D-galacturonanase (polygalacturonase) activity was not detected in strawberry fruit. The sugar composition of alkali-soluble wall polymers showed little change throughout development. However, changes occurred in the molecular weights of these polymers during ripening.
TL;DR: Adjustment of the apnea index, based on studies of aging normal subjects and of aging patients with sleep apnea syndrome is necessary to ensure reliable results in clinical and research applications.
TL;DR: In this paper, a new size-extensive, multi-reference coupled-cluster method that properly includes the important effects of semi-internal excitations is presented and a new model is presented to estimate the effect of semi internal excitations.
TL;DR: Ant- and termite-eating are among the few food habits common to monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians, but this food habit does not permit high rates of metabolism, except at small masses, and the ecological replacement of ant- andtermite-eaters is inhibited.
Abstract: Ant- and termite-eating are among the few food habits common to monotremes, marsupials, and eutherians. Data are reported on the rate of metabolism and temperature regulation of 14 species of mammals having these food habits, including two monotremes, one marsupial and 11 eutherians. Small mammals with these habits have comparatively high body temperatures and high basal rates of metabolism, but ant- and termite-eaters that weigh more than 1 kg generally have low body temperatures and low basal rates of metabolism. The higher basal rates in small species ensure effective temperature regulation. Low body temperatures in large species principally result from low rates of metabolism. Rates of metabolism are low in these mammals because they use a food that has a limited availability and a low energy density, the density being further decreased in large species by the ingestion of non-nutritive material during feeding. Burrowing habits in some large species also contribute to low rates of metabolism. The combination of body size, food habits, and presence or absence of burrowing behaviour can account for all but about 6% of the range in basal rate in ant- and termite-eaters. Ants and termites, because of their locally clumped distributions, permit a larger mass in terrestrial predators than do other invertebrate prey. The reason why so many “primitive” mammals feed on ants and termites is that, once evolved, mammals with these habits are nearly impossible to displace ecologically, because much of ecological replacement is associated with high rates of reproduction, which are themselves correlated with high rates of metabolism in eutherians. Consequently, the ecological replacement of ant- and termite-eaters is inhibited, because this food habit does not permit high rates of metabolism, except at small masses.
TL;DR: Clinical records from 38 septicaemic foals of less than one week of age were examined for trends in history, physical examination and clinicopathological findings to identify improved methods for diagnosis of infection in the neonatal foal.
Abstract: In an effort to identify improved methods for diagnosis of infection in the neonatal foal, clinical records from 38 septicaemic foals of less than one week of age were examined for trends in history, physical examination and clinicopathological findings. The survival rate of septicaemic foals, 26 per cent, was markedly less than the rate for all other foal admissions. Blood cultures were valuable in diagnosis and treatment of septicaemia and identified a preponderance of Gram-negative infection. Zinc sulphate turbidity test results were abnormally low in all septicaemic foals tested. The clinical course was often distinguished by severe complications and multiple organ dysfunction, leading to death. Conditions present in the mare pre-partum resulted in weak or diseased foals; bacterial placentitis, vaginal discharge and premature lactation were most common. There was no single diagnostic criterion of the septicaemic foal. Fever was not a consistent finding. The most useful white blood cell parameters were neutropenia, the presence of band neutrophils (greater than 0.2 X 10(9)/litre) and toxic changes in the neutrophil population. Hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis and hypoxaemia were also common findings.
TL;DR: Chebyshev's inequality is investigated when the population mean and variance are estimated from a sample as discussed by the authors, and the necessary modification to the inequality is actually valid when (a) the population moments do not exist and (b) the sample is exchangeably distributed.
Abstract: Chebyshev's inequality is investigated when the population mean and variance are estimated from a sample. The necessary modification to the inequality is simple and is actually valid when (a) the population moments do not exist and (b) the sample is exchangeably distributed. The latter case would include, for example, a sample taken without replacement from a finite population and the independent and identically distributed case.