University of Florida

About: University of Florida is a education organization based out in Gainesville, Florida, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 90112 authors who have published 200011 publications receiving 7130576 citations. The organization is also known as: UF & University of the State of Florida.

Speech, Prosody, and Voice Characteristics of a Mother and Daughter With a 7;13 Translocation Affecting FOXP2

Abstract: Purpose The primary goal of this case study was to describe the speech, prosody, and voice characteristics of a mother and daughter with a breakpoint in a balanced 7;13 chromosomal translocation that disrupted the transcription gene, FOXP2 (cf. J. B. Tomblin et al., 2005). As with affected members of the widely cited KE family, whose communicative disorders have been associated with a point mutation in the FOXP2 gene, both mother and daughter had cognitive, language, and speech challenges. A 2nd goal of the study was to illustrate in detail, the types of speech, prosody, and voice metrics that can contribute to phenotype sharpening in speech-genetics research. Method A speech, prosody, and voice assessment protocol was administered twice within a 4-month period. Analyses were aided by comparing profiles from the present speakers (the TB family) with those from 2 groups of adult speakers: 7 speakers with acquired (with one exception) spastic or spastic-flaccid dysarthria and 14 speakers with acquired aprax...

Predicting Children's Presurgical Anxiety and Subsequent Behavior Changes

Abstract: Addressed, in two studies, issues of children's medical anxiety having implications for efficient psychological preparation. Study 1 assessed behavioral distress and physiological arousal of 4- to 10-year-old, unprepared, nonsedated children (N = 50) as they separated from parents, waited in the operating room, and were given general anesthesia for minor surgery. Anxiety intensity varied widely among children and was most intense at mask presentation. Mother's prediction of uncooperative behavior and a history of prior surgery were the best predictors. Study 2 examined anxiety of 37 children prior to surgery and behavior changes 2 weeks later. At follow-up, minor or transient problems were common; 4 children developed significant problems. Elevated presurgical anxiety predicted later problems, but only among children hospitalized after surgery. Findings suggest that presurgical anxiety and later behavior problems are partially predictable.

Chandra Detection of a Type II Quasar at z = 3.288*

Abstract: We report on observations of a type II quasar at redshift z ¼ 3:288, identified as a hard X-ray source in a 185 ks observation with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory and as a high-redshift photometric candidate from deep, multiband optical imaging. CXO J084837.9+445352 (hereafter CXO 52) shows an unusually hard Xray spectrum from which we infer an absorbing column density NH ¼ð 4:8 � 2:1 Þ� 10 23 cm � 2 (90% confidence) and an implied unabsorbed 2 10 keV rest-frame luminosity of L2 10 ¼ 3:3 � 10 44 ergs s � 1 , well within the quasar regime. Hubble Space Telescope imaging shows CXO 52 to be elongated with slight morphological differences between the WFPC2 F814W and NICMOS F160W bands. Optical and near-infrared spectroscopy of CXO 52 shows high-ionization emission lines with velocity widths � 1000 km s � 1 and flux ratios similar to a Seyfert 2 galaxy or radio galaxy. The latter are the only class of high-redshift type II luminous active galactic nuclei that have been extensively studied to date. Unlike radio galaxies, however, CXO 52 is radio quiet, remaining undetected at radio wavelengths to fairly deep limits, f4:8 GHz < 40 lJy. High-redshift type II quasars, expected from unification models of active galaxies and long thought necessary to explain the X-ray background, are poorly constrained observationally, with few such systems known. We discuss recent observations of similar type II quasars and detail search techniques for such systems, namely, (1) X-ray selection, (2) radio selection, (3) multicolor imaging selection, and (4) narrowband imaging selection. Such studies are likely to begin identifying luminous, high-redshift type II systems in large numbers. We discuss the prospects for these studies and their implications for our understanding of the X-ray background. Subject headings: cosmology: observations — galaxies: active — quasars: individual (CXO J084837.9+445352) — X-rays: galaxies

Characteristics of biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans in the presence of saliva.

Abstract: Interactions between salivary agglutinin and the adhesin P1 of Streptococcus mutans contribute to bacterial aggregation and mediate sucrose-independent adherence to tooth surfaces. We have examined biofilm formation by S. mutans UA159, and derivative strains carrying mutations affecting the localization or expression of P1, in the presence of fluid-phase or adsorbed saliva or salivary agglutinin preparations. Whole saliva- and salivary agglutinin-induced aggregation of S. mutans was adversely affected by the loss of P1 and sortase (SrtA) but not by the loss of trigger factor (RopA). Fluid-phase salivary agglutinin and, to a lesser extent, immobilized agglutinin inhibited biofilm development by S. mutans in the absence of sucrose, and whole saliva was more effective at decreasing biofilm formation than salivary agglutinin. Inhibition of biofilm development by salivary agglutinin was differently influenced by particular mutations, with the P1-deficient strain displaying a greater inhibition of biofilm development than the SrtA- or RopA-deficient strains. As expected, biofilm-forming capacities of all strains in the presence of salivary preparations were markedly enhanced in the presence of sucrose, although biofilm formation by the mutants was less efficient than that by the parental strain. Aeration strongly inhibited biofilm development, and the presence of salivary components did not restore biofilm formation in aerated conditions. The results disclose a potent ability of salivary constituents to moderate biofilm formation by S. mutans through P1-dependent and P1-independent pathways.

Effects of fluoxetine on the reproductive axis of female goldfish (Carassius auratus).

Abstract: We investigated the effects of fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, on neuroendocrine function and the reproductive axis in female goldfish. Fish were given intraperitoneal injecti...