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Showing papers by "University of Freiburg published in 1985"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work has analyzed 31 refined protein structures to develop a method for predicting flexible segments from a given amino acid sequence and found that segmental flexibility is more indicative of an antigenic determinant than the selection criteria mentioned above.

1,016 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Growth charts for kidney length and volume in childhood are constructed and provide the basis for objective intra- and interindividual determination of renal size.
Abstract: Kidney size was determined in a sonographic study of 325 children without kidney pathology. Real-time ultrasound equipment adjusted for the pediatric age group, provided standardized renal biometry. Outer kidney diameters showed a linear correlation to somatic developmental parameters. Renal volume was established by the formula for an ellipsoid and showed good correlation to body weight. Growth charts for kidney length and volume in childhood are constructed and provide the basis for objective intra- and interindividual determination of renal size.

349 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that protein modifications, and particularly phenol and thiol oxidation, may be an important mechanism, as well as initiation of lipid peroxidation, of action of NO2.

314 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that during gait the signals of group I afferents are blocked at both segmental and supraspinal levels which was tested by tibial nerve stimulation, and it is suggested that the e.g. and leg muscle e.m. responses induced in the leg by gait perturbations are evoked by group II afferentials and mediated via a spinal pathway.
Abstract: The cerebral potentials (c.p.) evoked by electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve during stance and in the various phases of gait of normal subjects were compared with the c.p. and leg muscle e.m.g. responses evoked by perturbations of stance and gait. Over the whole step cycle of gait the c.p. evoked by an electrical stimulus were of smaller amplitude (3 microV and 9 microV, respectively) than that seen in the stance condition, and appeared with a longer latency (mean times to first positive peak: 63 and 43 ms, respectively). When the electrical stimulus was applied during stance after ischaemic blockade of group I afferents, the c.p. were similar to those evoked during gait. The c.p. evoked by perturbations were larger in amplitude than those produced by the electrical stimulus, but similar in latencies in both gait and stance (mean 26 microV and 40 microV; 65 ms and 42 ms, respectively) and configurations. The large gastrocnemius e.m.g. responses evoked by the stance and gait perturbations arose with a latency of 65 to 70 ms. Only in the stance condition was a smaller, shorter latency (40 ms) response seen. It is concluded that during gait the signals of group I afferents are blocked at both segmental and supraspinal levels which was tested by tibial nerve stimulation. It is suggested that the e.m.g. responses induced in the leg by gait perturbations are evoked by group II afferents and mediated via a spinal pathway. The c.p. evoked during gait most probably reflect the processing of this group II input by supraspinal motor centres for the coordination of widespread arm and trunk muscle activation, necessary to restablish body equilibrium.

218 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
18 Oct 1985-Science
TL;DR: Increased leukotriene generation appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of tissue trauma in the anesthesized rat.
Abstract: A significant increase in the production of cysteinyl leukotrienes was observed after mechanical or thermal trauma in the anesthesized rat. The amount of biliary N-acetyl-leukotriene E4, which represents a suitable indicator for blood plasma leukotrienes, was used as a measure of leukotriene generation. Cysteinyl leukotrienes were rapidly eliminated from blood plasma into bile where N-acetyl-leukotriene E4 was the major metabolite. Leukotrienes were at a much lower concentration in blood plasma than in bile and differed in the pattern of metabolites. The detected amounts of leukotrienes were sufficient to induce known phenomena associated with trauma, such as tissue edema and circulatory and respiratory dysfunction. Increased leukotriene generation appears to play an important role in the pathophysiology of tissue trauma.

208 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An explicit formula for the Wasserstein distance between multivariate distributions in certain cases is obtained by an extension of the idea of the multivariate quantile transform and some applications are given to the problem of approximation of stochastic processes by simpler ones.
Abstract: By an extension of the idea of the multivariate quantile transform we obtain an explicit formula for the Wasserstein distance between multivariate distributions in certain cases For the general case we use a modification of the definition of the Wasserstein distance and determine optimal ‘markov-constructions’ We give some applications to the problem of approximation of stochastic processes by simpler ones, as eg weakly dependent processes by independent sequences and, finally, determine the optimal martingale approximation to a given sequence of random variables; the Doob decomposition gives only the ‘one-step optimal’ approximation

202 citations


Journal ArticleDOI

201 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that the positive charge of a rare-gas cluster is localized in a dimer ion and its large binding energy of about 1 eV leads to severe cluster fragmentation.

192 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Experimental data are presented, which suggest that EDRF may act by direct stimulation of guanylate cyclase, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation due to increased smooth muscle cyclic GMP levels.
Abstract: In the last few years, experimental evidence has accumulated which suggests a substantial role for the endothelium in the control of vascular tone. Endothelium-dependent dilatations have been demonstrated in various arteries of numerous mammalian species including man. Among the stimuli which elicit endothelium-dependent dilatation are such varying stimuli as increases in blood flow and hypoxia, as well as endogenous (acetylcholine, ATP, ADP, bradykinin, substance P) and pharmacological agents (calcium ionophore A 23187, ergometrine, hydralazine, melittin). The functional importance of endothelium-dependent dilatation is emphasized by the fact that the direct vasoconstrictor effects of some of these substances (acetylcholine, histamine, norepinephrine, serotonin) on vascular smooth muscle is attenuated or even reversed by their simultaneous stimulatory effect on endothelial cells, resulting in the release of a vasodilator signal. Bioassay experiments have shown that a humoral vasodilator agent with a biological half-life in the range of seconds is released from the endothelium (native or cultured) during stimulation with acetylcholine, ATP and calcium ionophore. Experimental data are presented, which suggest that EDRF may act by direct stimulation of guanylate cyclase, resulting in smooth muscle relaxation due to increased smooth muscle cyclic GMP levels. The chemical nature of this nonprostaglandin endothelium-derived relaxant factor (EDRF) is still not known. The possible physiological and pathophysiological significance of endothelium-dependent dilatation in situ is discussed. Special attention is paid in this context to the potential role of EDRF activity in coronary vasomotor control.

191 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Mar 1985-Virology
TL;DR: Heteroduplex formation under nonstringent conditions showed that the substituted sequences are partially homologous to each other, with the regions of nonhomology confined to three distinct areas of 100 to 200 nucleotides.

186 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: ABA-mediated embryo dormancy is caused by a reversible inhibition of both of these changes in cell wall stability, and neither L (as judged from the kinetics of osmotic water efflux) nor the amount of extractable solutes are affected by these changes.
Abstract: The physical mechanism of seed germination and its inhibition by abscisic acid (ABA) in Brassica napus L. was investigated, using volumetric growth (= water uptake) rate ( dV/dt ), water conductance (L) , cell wall extensibility coefficient ( m ), osmotic pressure (∏ i ), water potential (Ψ i ), turgor pressure ( P ), and minimum turgor for cell expansion ( Y ) of the intact embryo as experimental parameters. dV/dt , ∏ i , and Ψ i were measured directly, while m, P , and Y were derived by calculation. Based on the general equation of hydraulic cell growth [ dV/dt = Lm /( L + m ) (Δ∏ - Y ), where Δ∏ = ∏ i - ∏ of the external medium], the terms ( Lm /( L + m ) and ∏ i - Y were defined as growth coefficient ( k G ) and growth potential ( GP ), respectively. Both k G and GP were estimated from curves relating dV/dt (steady state) to ∏ of osmotic test solutions (polyethylene glycol 6000). During the imbibition phase (0-12 hours after sowing), k G remains very small while GP approaches a stable level of about 10 bar. During the subsequent growth phase of the embryo, k G increases about 10-fold. ABA, added before the onset of the growth phase, prevents the rise of k G and lowers GP . These effects are rapidly abolished when germination is induced by removal of ABA. Neither L (as judged from the kinetics of osmotic water efflux) nor the amount of extractable solutes are affected by these changes. ∏ i and Ψ i remain at a high level in the ABA-treated seed but drop upon induction of germination, and this adds up to a large decrease of P , indicating that water uptake of the germinating embryo is controlled by cell wall loosening rather than by changes of ∏ i or L. ABA inhibits water uptake by preventing cell wall loosening. By calculating Y and m from the growth equation, it is further shown that cell wall loosening during germination comprises both a decrease of Y from about 10 to 0 bar and an at least 10-fold increase of m. ABA-mediated embryo dormancy is caused by a reversible inhibition of both of these changes in cell wall stability.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 1985-Planta
TL;DR: Results are incompatible with the acid-growth theory of auxin action and sucrose and other sugars can quantiatively substritute for IAA in inducing H+ excretion but are likewise ineffective in inducing elongation.
Abstract: Four experimental predictions of the ‘acid-growth theory’ of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) action in inducing cell elongation were reinvestigated using abraded segments of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. i) Quantitative comparison of segment elongation and medium-acidification kinetics measured in the same sample of tissue reveals that these IAA-induced processes are neither correlated in time nor responding coordinately to cations present in the medium. ii) Exogenous protons are not able to substitute for IAA in causing segment elongation at the predicted pH of 4.5–5.0. Instead, external buffers induce significant segment elongation only below pH 4.5, reaching a maximal response at pH 1.75–2.5. Acid and IAA coact additively, and therefore independently, in the whole range of feasible pH values. iii) Neutral or alkaline buffers (pH 6–10) are unable to abolish the IAA-mediated growth response and have no effect on its lag-phase. iv) Fusicoccin, at a concentration producing the same H+ excretion as high concentrations of IAA, is ineffective in inducing segment elongation. Moreover, sucrose and other sugars can quantiatively substritute for IAA in inducing H+ excretion but are likewise ineffective in inducing elongation. It is concluded that these results are incompatible with the acid-growth theory of auxin action.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that phytochrome is able both to increase the transcription of certain nuclear genes and decrease thecription of others in shoots of barley grown under different light regimes.
Abstract: The transcriptional rates of four different genes in shoots of barley grown under different light regimes were quantified by monitoring nuclear RNA transcripts using gene-specific hybridization probes. Isolated nuclei were pulse-labelled with [α-32P]UTP and the relative rates of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b protein (LHCP) mRNA, NADPH: protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase mRNA, B1 hordein mRNA, and 26-S rRNA synthesis were measured. Irradiation of dark-grown plants with a red light pulse increased the rate of LHCP mRNA synthesis tenfold within 3 h, and the rate of rRNA synthesis more than twofold within 9 h. The relative rate of synthesis of the oxidoreductase mRNA decreased following a red light pulse reaching a minimum after 3–6 h. As a direct proof of phytochrome involvement in the light-induced stimulation of LHCP and the repression of the oxidoreductase transcripts for both responses, red/far-red reversibility could be demonstrated. We conclude that phytochrome is able both to increase the transcription of certain nuclear genes and decrease the transcription of others.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The hypothesis that the accumulation of glyceollin I is an important early response of soybean roots to infection by P. megasperma is supported, but may not be solely responsible for inhibition of fungal growth in the resistant response.
Abstract: A radioimmunoassay specific for glyceollin I was used to quantitate this phytoalexin in roots of soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr. cv Harosoy 63) after infection with zoospores of either race 1 (incompatible) or race 3 (compatible) of Phytophthora megasperma Drechs. f. sp. glycinea Kuan and Erwin. The sensitivity of the radioimmunoassay and an inmmunofluorescent stain for hyphae permitted quantitation of phytoalexin and localization of the fungus in alternate serial cryotome sections from the same root. The incompatible interaction was characterized by extensive fungal colonization of the root cortex which was limited to the immediate vicinity of the inoculation site. Glyceollin I was first detected in extracts of whole roots 2 hours after infection, and phytoalexin content rose rapidly thereafter. Significant concentrations of glyceollin I were present at the infection site in cross-sections (42 micrometers thick) of such roots by 5 hours, and exceeded 0.6 micromoles per milliliter (EC90in vitro for glyceollin I) by 8 hours after infection. Longitudinal sectioning (14 micrometers thick) showed that glyceollin I accumulated particularly in the epidermal cell layers, but also was present in the root cortex at inhibitory concentrations. No hyphae were observed in advance of detectable levels of the phytoalexin and, in most roots, glyceollin I concentrations dropped sharply at the leading edge of the infection. In contrast, the compatible interaction was characterized by extensive unchecked fungal colonization of the root stele, with lesser growth in the rest of the root. Only small amounts of glyceollin I were detected in whole root extracts during the first 14 hours after infection. Measurable amounts of glyceollin I were detected only in occasional cross-sections of such roots 11 and 14 hours after infection. The phytoalexin was present at inhibitory concentrations in the epidermal cell layers, but the inhibitory zone did not extend appreciably into the cortex. Altogether, these data support the hypothesis that the accumulation of glyceollin I is an important early response of soybean roots to infection by P. megasperma, but may not be solely responsible for inhibition of fungal growth in the resistant response.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study reviews 39 cases of anogenital bowenoid papulosis lesions in 22 individuals of both sexes that were analyzed clinically, histologically, immunocytochemically, and virologically for papillomavirus-specific sequences.
Abstract: † This study reviews 39 cases of anogenital bowenoid papulosis lesions in 22 individuals of both sexes that were analyzed clinically, histologically, immunocytochemically, and virologically. Macroscopically, three different types of lesions were demonstrated: erythematous macules; papules (lichenoid and/or pigmented papules); and leukoplakialike lesions. Microscopically, bowenoid papulosis fulfills the criteria of a squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Much like oral precancers, three distinct growth patterns (flat, endophytic, and exophytic) could be differentiated, which did not correlate with the clinical aspect of the lesions. In only two (5.12%) of the 39 cases of bowenoid papulosis could structural antigens of papillomaviruses be detected immunocytochemically (peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique). The DNA from 12 lesions that were analyzed for the presence of papillomavirusspecific sequences hybridized stringently in all cases with the human papillomavirus 16 specific DNA probe labeled with phosphorus 32. ( Arch Dermatol 1985;121:858-863)

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The incidence and prognostic significance of electrically induced ventricular arrhythmias were prospectively assessed in 42 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and there was no association between electricallyinduced polymorphic ventricular arranging and the degree of impairment of left ventricular function.
Abstract: The incidence and prognostic significance of electrically induced ventricular arrhythmias were prospectively assessed in 42 patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. All patients underwent 24-hour, long-term electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring and 30 were analyzed by a signal-averaging vectorcardiographic procedure at entry into the study. Their response to programmed electrical stimulation during basic right ventricular pacing was investigated using 1 and 2 ventricular extrastimuli. A monomorphic tachycardia was not induced in any patient. In 36 patients (86%) polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias were initiated. Three or more induced consecutive ventricular premature complexes occurred in 9 patients (21%), nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in 2 (4.8%) and ventricular fibrillation in 1 patient (2.4%). There was no association between electrically induced polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias and the degree of impairment of left ventricular function. Furthermore, the incidence of induced ventricular arrhythmias was not related to the Lown grade or to the total number of ventricular premature complexes during Holter monitoring. A late potential was detected by the averaged vectorcardiogram in only 1 of the 30 patients. During follow-up (mean 16 ± 7 months) 7 patients died, 5 from chronic congestive heart failure and 2 from sudden cardiac death. No patient had an electrically induced arrhythmia of 3 or more ventricular premature complexes. Thus, in most patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, programmed electrical stimulation of the right ventricle with up to 2 extrastimuli fails to reproduce an electrophysiologic correlate to the frequent ventricular arrhythmias.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results establish that gene 4 from the T‐region of octopine and nopaline Ti plasmids codes for an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis, and no comparable enzyme activity or immunoreactive protein was detected in cytokininsautotrophic, T‐DNA free tobacco cells.
Abstract: Gene 4 from the T-region of Ti plasmids is responsible for cytokinin effects in crown gall cells; we investigated whether it codes for an enzyme of hormone biosynthesis. In a first set of experiments, gene 4 from octopine plasmid pTiAch5 and nopaline plasmid pTiC58 was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the gene products were identified by reaction with antiserum raised against a decapeptide derived from the DNA sequence of the gene. Extracts from cells expressing the gene contained high isopentenyl-transferase activity catalyzing the formation of N6-(2-isopentenyl)adenosine from 5'-AMP and 2-isopentenylpyrophosphate. The cytokinin was identified by sequential h.p.l.c. chromatography and mass spectrometry. In a second set of experiments it was shown that crown gall cells contained isopentenyltransferase activity and a protein of mol. wt. 27 000 which was identified as the product of gene 4 by reaction with the antiserum. Isopentenyltransferase activity was specifically inhibited by the antiserum. No comparable enzyme activity or immunoreactive protein was detected in cytokinin-autotrophic, T-DNA free tobacco cells. The results establish that gene 4 from the T-region of octopine and nopaline Ti plasmids codes for an enzyme of cytokinin biosynthesis.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Gel formation and the typical morphology of the gels are discussed as arising mainly from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds between amide linkages holding the molecules together and the influence of chiral centers of the carbohydrate chain which might be responsible for helical aggregates to be formed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a new class of liquid crystal side chain polymers has been synthesized, where the mesogenic groups are laterally attached to the polymer backbone, and the polymers are liquid crystalline in a broad temperature range above the glass transition temperature.
Abstract: A new class of liquid crystal side chain polymers has been synthesized, where the mesogenic groups are laterally attached to the polymer backbone. The monomeric liquid crystals are laterally substituted with an alkyl chain having a methacrylic ester group in the ω-position. While the monomers exhibit a metastable nematic phase with respect to the crystalline state, the polymers are liquid crystalline in a broad temperature range above the glass transition temperature.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Light‐induced anthocyanin formation in Zea mays L. coleoptiles was investigated in seven different varieties of this species and found that a pretreatment with continuous red light led to a greatly enhanced response to UV or in one case the manifestation of a response toUV that was previously lacking.
Abstract: — Light-induced anthocyanin formation in Zea mays L. coleoptiles was investigated in seven different varieties of this species. Under the test conditions, four varieties showed practically no response to any waveband used (UV, continuous red and continuous far-red), two responded strongly to both UV and far-red, and one showed a strong response only to far-red. The radiation-sensitive varieties showed, however, only a very weak response to continuous red light. In those varieties sensitive to far-red light, a pretreatment with continuous red light led to a greatly enhanced response to UV or in one case the manifestation of a response to UV that was previously lacking. Further investigations in one radiation-sensitive variety (INRA) showed that the UV response was to UV-B radiation below 350 nm. The UV response, as well as the far-red and blue responses in this variety, showed fluence-rate dependency. Red light was almost ineffective and showed only a very weak fluence-rate dependency.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This demonstration of endotoxin‐induced generation of peptide LTs in vivo was possible by sequential HPLC and RIA analyses in bile into which peptide leukotriene are eliminated from blood.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By hybridization experiments it is shown that the human K locus contains only one VKIV gene, which is frequently deleted or aberrantly rearranged which may be a consequence of peculiarities of its function and/or its structural organization.
Abstract: The series of studies on the human K light chain genes of the various subgroups is concluded by this report on the isolation and nucleotide sequence determination of a functional VKIV gene (abbreviations ref. 1) and its germline counterpart. The rearranged gene which stems from a lymphoid cell line and the germline gene differ in four nucleotides which can be attributed to somatic mutations; three of the mutations are clustered in CDR3. The germline gene regions of two unrelated individuals were identical over a stretch of 1267 bp. By hybridization experiments it is shown that the human K locus contains only one VKIV gene. In 16 lymphoid cell lines studied here, the VKIV gene is frequently deleted or aberrantly rearranged which may be a consequence of peculiarities of its function and/or its structural organization.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The view that astroglial cells might play a crucial role in brain prostanoid synthesis is supported, although found on cultured neuronal and glial cells of different stages of development.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, high-speed scattering for a charged particle by a fixed mass and of two uncharged particles of comparable masses is discussed. But the authors do not consider the effect of synchrotron radiation on the motion.
Abstract: After a brief consideration of the high-speed scattering of two point charges we thoroughly discuss high-speed scattering for a charged particle by a fixed mass and of two uncharged particles of comparable masses. We use perturbation technique over Minkowski spacetime in the de Donder gauge and solve the field equations and the resulting equations of motion (which take the reaction of the particles' quasistatic self-field into account) by iteration. The obtained energy-momentum conservation laws allow the computation of second-order corrections for the scattering angle and the cross section. The asymptotic structure of the far-field indicates synchrotron radiation (electromagnetic and gravitational, respectively) which causes an energy loss whose reaction on the motion is briefly considered in the low-velocity limit including bound motion. (For neutral particles this is a third-order effect).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results suggest that coumestrol formation is mediated via UV-induced pyrimidine dimer formation in the plant DNA and the photorepair properties of blue light are discussed with respect to possible increases in solar UV due to stratospheric ozone depletion.
Abstract: Induction of the isoflavonoid pigment, coumestrol (3,9-dihydroxy-6H-benzofuro-[3,2-c][1] benzopyran-6-one), in primary leaves of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var Saxa) by ultraviolet (UV) radiation was used as a quantifiable marker for UV damage to a plant system. Coumestrol was induced only by wavelengths below 300 nanometers and its formation could be reversed by treatment with white, but not red light after the UV irradiation period. Formation of coumestrol by UV could also be prevented over a period of 14 hours by simultaneous irradiation with blue light provided that the blue fluence rate was high enough. The results suggest that coumestrol formation is mediated via UV-induced pyrimidine dimer formation in the plant DNA and the photorepair properties of blue light are discussed with respect to possible increases in solar UV due to stratospheric ozone depletion.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A sudden increase of activity in the prelunate gyrus of monkeys trained to execute or suppress goal-directed saccades to a peripheral target in the presence or absence of a central fixation spot is observed, which can be interpreted as a sign of the animal having directed attention to the peripheral target and/or having stopped active fixation being ready for the next goal- directed saccade without necessarily executing it.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was concluded that the leg muscle e.m. reactions are mediated by a polysynaptic spinal reflex pathway which depends on a supraspinal control and the cerebral potentials seem to represent afferent signals which can be supposed to be subjected to modification and processing by suPRaspinal motor centres, according to the actual requirements.
Abstract: In order to investigate the neuronal mechanisms underlying the compensatory movements following stance disturbance, leg muscle e.m.g. responses and cerebral potentials evoked by a treadmill acceleration impulse were analysed. It was found that the displacement was followed by a cerebral potential of a latency of 40–45 ms and EMG responses in the calf muscles at a latency of 65–70 ms. The e.m.g. responses represented specific compensatory reactions to the mode of perturbation (with a gastrocnemius activation following positive acceleration but a tibialis ant. activation following negative acceleration). The cerebral potentials, however, showed a common pattern to both conditions. In addition, the leg muscle e.m.g. reactions were not altered by learning effects and by forewarning of displacement onset, while the amplitude of the cerebral potentials was significantly smaller in these conditions compared to those produced in response to randomly induced perturbations. It was therefore concluded that the leg muscle e.m.g. reactions are mediated by a polysynaptic spinal reflex pathway which depends on a supraspinal control. The cerebral potentials seem to represent afferent signals which can be supposed to be subjected to modification and processing by supraspinal motor centres, according to the actual requirements.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Close linkage was found with the pDP34 probe (DXYS1 locus, Xq13-q21), suggesting that the gene responsible for the disease is located on the proximal long arm of the X chromosome.
Abstract: A large kindred with the X-linked dominant form of peroneal muscular atrophy (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) was analyzed for individual variation in the length of DNA fragments after restriction endonuclease digestion. A systematic search was performed for linkage with a series of cloned single-copy DNA sequences of known regional assignment to the human X chromosome. Close linkage was found with the pDP34 probe (DXYS1 locus, Xq13-q21), suggesting that the gene responsible for the disease is located on the proximal long arm of the X chromosome.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A Ca2+‐ and phospholipid‐activated protein kinase from zucchini has been partially purified by DEAE‐Sephacel chromatography and some properties of the enzyme have been assessed.