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Institution

University of Fribourg

EducationFribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland
About: University of Fribourg is a education organization based out in Fribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Glacier. The organization has 6040 authors who have published 14975 publications receiving 542500 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIFR & Universität Freiburg.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study shows that SA, JA, and ET play a primary role in the orchestration of the plant's defense response, but other regulatory mechanisms, such as pathway cross-talk or additional attacker-induced signals, eventually shape the highly complex attacker-specific defense response.
Abstract: Plant defenses against pathogens and insects are regulated differentially by cross-communicating signaling pathways in which salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET) play key roles. To understand how plants integrate pathogen- and insect-induced signals into specific defense responses, we monitored the dynamics of SA, JA, and ET signaling in Arabidopsis after attack by a set of microbial pathogens and herbivorous insects with different modes of attack. Arabidopsis plants were exposed to a pathogenic leaf bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), a pathogenic leaf fungus (Alternaria brassicicola), tissuechewing caterpillars (Pieris rapae), cell-content-feeding thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), or phloem-feeding aphids (Myzus persicae). Monitoring the signal signature in each plant-attacker combination showed that the kinetics of SA, JA, and ET production varies greatly in both quantity and timing. Analysis of global gene expression profiles demonstrated that the signal signature characteristic of each Arabidopsis-attacker combination is orchestrated into a surprisingly complex set of transcriptional alterations in which, in all cases, stress-related genes are overrepresented. Comparison of the transcript profiles revealed that consistent changes induced by pathogens and insects with very different modes of attack can show considerable overlap. Of all consistent changes induced by A. brassicicola, Pieris rapae, and F. occidentalis, more than 50% also were induced consistently by P. syringae. Notably, although these four attackers all stimulated JA biosynthesis, the majority of the changes in JA-responsive gene expression were attacker specific. All together, our study shows that SA, JA, and ET play a primary role in the orchestration of the plant’s defense response, but other regulatory mechanisms, such as pathway cross-talk or additional attacker-induced signals, eventually shape the highly complex attacker-specific defense response.

944 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The investigated cortical and basal ganglia structures showed multiple, heterogeneous, partly simultaneous activations which were related to specific aspects of rewards, which suggest an access to central representations of rewards which may be used for the neuronal control of goaldirected behavior.
Abstract: This article reviews and interprets neuronal activities related to the expectation and delivery of reward in the primate orbitofrontal cortex, in comparison with slowly discharging neurons in the striatum (caudate, putamen and ventral striatum, including nucleus accumbens) and midbrain dopamine neurons. Orbitofrontal neurons showed three principal forms of reward-related activity during the performance of delayed response tasks, namely responses to reward-predicting instructions, activations during the expectation period immediately preceding reward and responses following reward. These activations discriminated between different rewards, often on the basis of the animals' preferences. Neurons in the striatum were also activated in relation to the expectation and detection of reward but in addition showed activities related to the preparation, initiation and execution of movements which reflected the expected reward. Dopamine neurons responded to rewards and reward-predicting stimuli, and coded an error in the prediction of reward. Thus, the investigated cortical and basal ganglia structures showed multiple, heterogeneous, partly simultaneous activations which were related to specific aspects of rewards. These activations may represent the neuronal substrates of rewards during learning and established behavioral performance. The processing of reward expectations suggests an access to central representations of rewards which may be used for the neuronal control of goaldirected behavior.

933 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Genotypic and phenotypic methods that provide relevant information for diagnostic laboratories are presented and recent works in relation to recently identified mechanisms of polymyxin resistance, including chromosomally encoded resistance traits as well as the recently identified plasmid-encoded polymyXin resistance determinant MCR-1 are presented.
Abstract: Polymyxins are well-established antibiotics that have recently regained significant interest as a consequence of the increasing incidence of infections due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Colistin and polymyxin B are being seriously reconsidered as last-resort antibiotics in many areas where multidrug resistance is observed in clinical medicine. In parallel, the heavy use of polymyxins in veterinary medicine is currently being reconsidered due to increased reports of polymyxin-resistant bacteria. Susceptibility testing is challenging with polymyxins, and currently available techniques are presented here. Genotypic and phenotypic methods that provide relevant information for diagnostic laboratories are presented. This review also presents recent works in relation to recently identified mechanisms of polymyxin resistance, including chromosomally encoded resistance traits as well as the recently identified plasmid-encoded polymyxin resistance determinant MCR-1. Epidemiological features summarizing the current knowledge in that field are presented.

922 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art algorithms for vital node identification in real networks are reviewed and compared, and extensive empirical analyses are provided to compare well-known methods on disparate real networks.

919 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Florian Götzinger, Begoña Santiago-García1, Antoni Noguera-Julian, Miguel Lanaspa2, Laura Lancella3, Francesca Ippolita Calò Carducci3, Natalia Gabrovska4, Svetlana Velizarova4, Petra Prunk5, Veronika Osterman5, Uros Krivec5, Andrea Lo Vecchio6, Delane Shingadia7, Delane Shingadia8, Antoni Soriano-Arandes, Susana Melendo, Marcello Lanari, Luca Pierantoni, Noémie Wagner9, Arnaud G L'Huillier9, Ulrich Heininger3, Nicole Ritz3, Nicole Ritz10, Srini Bandi3, Nina Krajcar, Srđan Roglić, Mar Santos1, Christelle Christiaens, Marine Creuven, Danilo Buonsenso, Steven B. Welch, Matthias Bogyi, Folke Brinkmann11, Marc Tebruegge8, Marc Tebruegge12, Marc Tebruegge10, Jasmin Pfefferle, Angela Zacharasiewicz, Angelika Berger, Roland Berger, Volker Strenger, Daniela S. Kohlfürst, Anna Zschocke, Benoît Bernar, Burkhard Simma, Edda Haberlandt, Christina Thir, Ariane Biebl, Koen Vanden Driessche, Tine Boiy, Daan Van Brusselen, An Bael, Sara Debulpaep, Petra Schelstraete, Ivan Pavic, Ulrikka Nygaard, Jonathan P. Glenthoej, Lise Heilmann Jensen, Ilona Lind, Mihhail Tistsenko, Ulle Uustalu, Laura Buchtala, Stephanie Thee, Robin Kobbe, Cornelius Rau, Nicolaus Schwerk, Michael Barker, Maria Tsolia, Irini Eleftheriou, Patrick Gavin, Oksana Kozdoba, Borbàla Zsigmond, Piero Valentini13, Piero Valentini14, Inga Ivaškeviciene, Rimvydas Ivaškevicius, Valentina Vilc, Elisabeth Schölvinck, Astrid Rojahn15, Anastasios Smyrnaios, Claus Klingenberg, Isabel Carvalho, Andreia Ribeiro, Anna Starshinova, Ivan Solovic, Lola Falcón, Olaf Neth, Laura Minguell, Matilde Bustillo, Aida M. Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Borja Ibanez, Francesc Ripoll, Beatriz Soto, Karsten Kötz, Petra Zimmermann16, Hanna Schmid, Franziska Zucol, Anita Niederer, Michael Buettcher, Benhur Şirvan Çetin, Olga Bilogortseva, Vera Chechenyeva, Alicia Demirjian, Fiona Shackley, Lynne McFetridge, Lynne Speirs, Conor Doherty, Laura Jones, Paddy McMaster, Clare S. Murray, Frances Child, Yvonne Beuvink, Nick Makwana, Elisabeth Whittaker, Amanda Williams, Katy Fidler, Jolanta Bernatoniene, R Song, Zoe Oliver, Andrew Riordan 
TL;DR: Key data on children and adolescents with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection across Europe to inform physicians and health-care service planning during the ongoing pandemic are captured to reflect the current uncertainties regarding specific treatment options.

918 citations


Authors

Showing all 6204 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jens Nielsen1491752104005
Sw. Banerjee1461906124364
Hans Peter Beck143113491858
Patrice Nordmann12779067031
Abraham Z. Snyder12532991997
Csaba Szabó12395861791
Robert Edwards12177574552
Laurent Poirel11762153680
Thomas Münzel116105557716
David G. Amaral11230249094
F. Blanc107151458418
Markus Stoffel10262050796
Vincenzo Balzani10147645722
Enrico Bertini9986538167
Sandeep Kumar94156338652
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202367
2022348
20211,110
20201,112
2019966
2018924