University of Fribourg

About: University of Fribourg is a education organization based out in Fribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Glacier. The organization has 6040 authors who have published 14975 publications receiving 542500 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIFR & Universität Freiburg.

Nutritional Modes in Coral—Microbialite Reefs (Jurassic, Oxfordian, Switzerland): Evolution of Trophic Structure as a Response to Environmental Change

Abstract: Detailed study of Oxfordian coral-microbialite reefs in the Swiss Jura Mountains has identified major paleoecological variations in space and time, which are attributed to environmental changes. Micro- and macroscale semi-quantitative analyses of microbialite types, micro-encrusters, bioerosion, corals, and other macrofauna composing the reefal facies were performed. Three main trophic structures (dominant nutritional modes) were recognized: phototrophic-dominated, balanced photo-heterotrophic, and heterotrophic-dominated. A phototrophic (light-dependant) fauna dominated reefs growing in pure carbonate and nutrient- poor environments, where sedimentation rate was the main factor controlling reef growth. In mixed siliciclastic-carbonate platform environments, a balanced photo-heterotrophic fauna with periodical shifts to heterotrophic-dominated associations was induced by freshwater and sediment run-off into closed, shallow lagoons. In this case, the main factors controlling reef growth were the d...

GUP1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an O-acyltransferase involved in remodeling of the GPI anchor.

Abstract: The anchors of mature glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain either ceramide or diacylglycerol with a C26:0 fatty acid in the sn2 position. The primary GPI lipid added to newly synthesized proteins in the ER consists of diacylglycerol with conventional C16 and C18 fatty acids. Here we show that GUP1 is essential for the synthesis of the C26:0-containing diacylglycerol anchors. Gup1p is an ER membrane protein with multiple membrane-spanning domains harboring a motif that is characteristic of membrane-bound O-acyl-transferases (MBOAT). Gup1Δ cells make normal amounts of GPI proteins but most mature GPI anchors contain lyso-phosphatidylinositol, and others possess phosphatidylinositol with conventional C16 and C18 fatty acids. The incorporation of the normal ceramides into the anchors is also disturbed. As a consequence, the ER-to-Golgi transport of the GPI protein Gas1p is slow, and mature Gas1p is lost from the plasma membrane into the medium. Gup1Δ cells have fragile cell walls and a defect in bipolar bud site selection. GUP1 function depends on the active site histidine of the MBOAT motif. GUP1 is highly conserved among fungi and protozoa and the gup1Δ phenotype is partially corrected by GUP1 homologues of Aspergillus fumigatus and Trypanosoma cruzi.

Some difficulties of ecological thinking, considered from a critical systems perspective: A plea for critical holism

Abstract: We probably have simplified matters too much. We tend to talk about systems thinking and practice as if we knew what they are. The fashionable call for “holistic” or “systems” thinking in ecological issues provides a major example. This much is certain: the quest for comprehensiveness, although it represents an epistemologically necessary idea, is not realizable. If we assume that it is realizable, the critical idea underlying the quest will be perverted into its opposite, i.e., into a false pretension to superior knowledge and understanding—a danger of which the environmental movement does not always appear to be sufficiently aware. My question, therefore, is this: How can we deal critically with the fact that our thinking, and hence our knowledge, designs, and actions, cannot possibly be comprehensive, in the sense that we never “comprehend” all that ought to be understood before we pass to judgment and action? What consequences does this fact imply for a critical systems approach to ecological concerns and, ultimately, for our concepts of rationality in general?

Development of the calcium‐binding proteins parvalbumin and calbindin in monkey striate cortex

Abstract: The development of immunoreactivity for the calcium-binding proteins parvalbumin (PV) and calbindin-D28K (Cal) was studied in Macaca nemestrina striate cortex from fetal (F) 60 days to postnatal (P) 5 + years. We correlated changes in PV and Cal staining patterns with the well-documented developmental sequence for primate striate cortex neuron generation and maturation, synaptogenesis, and thalamocortical axon interactions in an attempt to deduce a functional role for these proteins. Our major findings is that Cal and PV have diametrically opposed developmental patterns except in layer 1. At F60 days both are present only in neurons of layer 1 and the number of labeled cell bodies and processes increases up to F125 days. Almost all Cal+ and PV+ cells in layer 1 disappear by P12 weeks. Cal is present by F113 days in pyramidal and stellate neurons, particularly layers 4-6. The numbers and staining density of cells in layers 2-6 increases up to birth and then both decline by P9-12 weeks. Supragranular layers show a second increase in Cal labeling from P20-36 weeks, and then there is a slow decline to the adult pattern which is reached by P1-2 years. Cell bodies in layers 4A, 4C alpha, and deep 4C beta are heavily Cal+ during pre- and early post-natal periods, but upper 4C beta remains unlabeled. PV is not seen until F155-162 days in layers 2-6. Large stellate and a few pyramidal cells appear first in layers 5/6 and 4C alpha, but PV+ stellate neurons are found in all layers except 4C beta by P6 weeks. Layer 4C beta contains a few PV+ cell bodies at P3 weeks, and light neuropile staining at P6 weeks, but then PV labeling rapidly increases so that by P12 weeks the density of 4C beta exceeds that of 4C alpha. Striate cortex has an adult pattern of cell number and neuropile density by P20 weeks. These developmental patterns suggest that the highest density of Cal cell body staining does not correlate with synaptogenesis, or the postnatal critical period of visually driven, binocular interactions. Rather Cal appears when lateral geniculate axons arrive in cortex, persists over the entire span of thalamocortical interactions, and disappears during the decline of cortical plasticity. The appearance of PV is highly correlated with the onset of complex visually driven activity at birth, while both the number of PV+ cell bodies and the density of PV+ neuropile reach adult levels coincident with the completion of thalamocortical connections.

The biopolymers cutin and suberin.

Abstract: Citation: Nawrath C. (2002) The Biopolymers Cutin and Suberin. The Arabidopsis Book 1:e0021. doi:10.1199/tab.0021 elocation-id: e0021 Published on: April 4, 2002