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Institution

University of Fribourg

EducationFribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland
About: University of Fribourg is a education organization based out in Fribourg, Freiburg, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Glacier. The organization has 6040 authors who have published 14975 publications receiving 542500 citations. The organization is also known as: UNIFR & Universität Freiburg.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical double-layer (ECDL) capacitors have been made using various types of CNT and activated carbon (a-C) as electrode material.

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data show that single neurons in caudate and putamen were activated up to a few seconds before self-initiated movements that were performed, within the constraints of the experimental situation, with a considerable degree of temporal choice due to the absence of explicit external instructive or imperative stimuli.
Abstract: The purpose of these studies was to investigate neuronal activity in the basal ganglia and frontal cortex in relation to the internal generation of goal-directed movements. Monkeys performed goal-directed arm movements at a self-chosen moment in the absence of phasic stimuli providing external temporal reference. They were rewarded with a small morsel of food for each movement, although automatic or repetitive behavior was not reinforced. For reasons of comparison, animals were also trained in a delayed go no-go task in which visual cues instructed them to perform or refrain from an arm movement reaction to a subsequent trigger stimulus. This report describes the activity of neurons in the head of the caudate nucleus and rostral putamen preceding self-initiated arm movements and compares it with instruction-induced preparatory activity preceding movements in the delay task. A total of 497 caudate and 354 putamen neurons were tested in the delay task. Two types of preparatory activity were observed: (1) transient responses to the instruction cue, and (2) sustained activity preceding the trigger stimulus or movement onset. Transient responses were found in 48 caudate and 50 putamen neurons, occurring twice as often in movement ('go') as compared to no-movement ('no-go') trials, but rarely in both. These responses may code the information contained in the instruction relative to the forthcoming behavioral reaction. Sustained activity began after instruction onset and lasted until the trigger stimulus or the arm movement occurred, this being for periods of 2-7 s, 12-35 s, or up to 80 s, depending on the task requirements. This activity was seen in 47 caudate and 45 putamen neurons, was largely confined to go trials, and was unrelated to the preparation of saccadic eye movements. In some cases, this activity began as direct responses to the instruction stimulus, but in the majority of cases developed more gradually before the movement. Thus, both transient and sustained activations appear to be related to the preparation of movements. A total of 390 caudate and 293 putamen neurons were tested during self-initiated movements. Activity preceding earliest movement-related muscle activity was found in 32 caudate and 42 putamen neurons. This premovement activity began 0.5-5.0 s before movement onset (median 1160 ms), increased slowly, reached its peak close to movement onset, and subsided rapidly thereafter. It was unrelated to the preparation of saccadic eye movements. Comparisons between the two tasks were made on 53 neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

282 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: BA protected mutants defective in the jasmonate and ethylene pathways, but was inactive in plants impaired in the systemic acquired resistance transduction pathway, suggesting that SA-dependent signaling is down-regulated after infection by B. cinerea.
Abstract: The non-protein amino acid β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) protects numerous plants against various pathogens. Protection of Arabidopsis plants against virulent pathogens involves the potentiation of pathogen-specific defense responses. To extend the analysis of the mode of action of BABA to necrotrophs we evaluated the effect of this chemical on Arabidopsis plants infected with the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea . BABA-treated Arabidopsis were found to be less sensitive to two different strains of this pathogen. BABA protected mutants defective in the jasmonate and ethylene pathways, but was inactive in plants impaired in the systemic acquired resistance transduction pathway. Treatments with benzo-(1,2,3)-thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid S -methyl ester, a functional analog of salicylic acid (SA), also markedly reduced the level of infection. Moreover, BABA potentiated mRNA accumulation of the SA-associated PR-1, but not the jasmonate/ethylene-dependent PDF1.2 gene. Thus, besides jasmonate/ethylene-dependent defense responses, SA-dependent signaling also contributes to restrict B. cinerea infection in Arabidopsis. Our results also suggest that SA-dependent signaling is down-regulated after infection by B. cinerea . The observed up-regulation of the PDF1.2 gene in mutants defective in the SA-dependent signaling pathway points to a cross-talk between SA- and jasmonate/ethylene-dependent signaling pathways during pathogen ingress.

281 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
28 May 2012-Emotion
TL;DR: Differences in emotion regulation were evident even when controlling for emotion experience and labeling, and implications of these deficits are discussed and future research directions are proposed.
Abstract: It is generally thought that individuals with Asperger's syndrome and high-functioning autism (AS/HFA) have deficits in theory of mind. These deficits have been previously linked to problems with social cognition. However, we reasoned that AS/HFA individuals' Theory of Mind deficits also might lead to problems with emotion regulation. To assess emotional functioning in AS/HFA, 27 AS/HFA adults (16 women) and 27 age-, gender-, and education-matched typically developing (TD) participants completed a battery of measures of emotion experience, labeling, and regulation. With respect to emotion experience, individuals with AS/HFA reported higher levels of negative emotions, but similar levels of positive emotions, compared with TD individuals. With respect to emotion labeling, individuals with AS/HFA had greater difficulties identifying and describing their emotions, with approximately two-thirds exceeding the cutoff for alexithymia. With respect to emotion regulation, individuals with AS/HFA used reappraisal less frequently than TD individuals and reported lower levels of reappraisal self-efficacy. Although AS/HFA individuals used suppression more frequently than TD individuals, no difference in suppression self-efficacy was found. It is important to note that these differences in emotion regulation were evident even when controlling for emotion experience and labeling. Implications of these deficits are discussed, and future research directions are proposed.

281 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a study of snow statistics over the past 50 years at several climatological stations in the Swiss Alps has highlighted periods in which snow was either abundant or not.
Abstract: A study of snow statistics over the past 50 years at several climatological stations in the Swiss Alps has highlighted periods in which snow was either abundant or not. Periods with relative low snow amounts and duration are closely linked to the presence of persistent high surface pressure fields over the Alpine region during late Fall and in Winter. These high pressure episodes are accompanied by large positive temperature anomalies and low precipitation, both of which are unfavorable for snow accumulation during the Winter. The fluctuations of seasonal to annual pressure in the Alpine region is strongly correlated with anomalies of the North Atlantic Oscillation index, which is a measure of the strength of the westerly flow over the Atlantic. This implies that large-scale forcing, and not local or regional factors, plays a dominant role in controling the timing and amount of snow in the Alps, as evidenced by the abundance or dearth of snow over several consecutive years. Furthermore, since the mid-1980s, the length of the snow season and snow amount have substantially decreased, as a result of pressure fields over the Alps which have been far higher and more persistent than at any other time this century. A detailed analysis of a number of additional Alpine stations for the last 15 years shows that the sensitivity of the snow-pack to climatic fluctuations diminishes above 1750 m. In the current debate on anthropogenically-induced climatic change, this altitude is consistent with other studies and estimates of snow-pack sensitivity to past and projected future global warming.

280 citations


Authors

Showing all 6204 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Jens Nielsen1491752104005
Sw. Banerjee1461906124364
Hans Peter Beck143113491858
Patrice Nordmann12779067031
Abraham Z. Snyder12532991997
Csaba Szabó12395861791
Robert Edwards12177574552
Laurent Poirel11762153680
Thomas Münzel116105557716
David G. Amaral11230249094
F. Blanc107151458418
Markus Stoffel10262050796
Vincenzo Balzani10147645722
Enrico Bertini9986538167
Sandeep Kumar94156338652
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202367
2022348
20211,110
20201,112
2019966
2018924