University of Geneva

About: University of Geneva is a education organization based out in Geneva, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Galaxy. The organization has 26887 authors who have published 65265 publications receiving 2931373 citations. The organization is also known as: Geneva University & Universite de Geneve.

Periventricular white matter injury in the premature infant is followed by reduced cerebral cortical gray matter volume at term.

Abstract: Periventricular white matter injury, that is, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the dominant form of brain injury in the premature infant, is the major neuropathological substrate associated with the motor and cognitive deficits observed later in such infants. The nature of the relationship of this lesion to the subsequent cognitive deficits is unclear, but such deficits raise the possibility of cerebral cortical neuronal dysfunction. Although cortical neuronal necrosis is not a prominent feature of brain injury in premature infants, the possibility of a deleterious effect of PVL on subsequent cerebral cortical development has not been investigated. An advanced quantitative volumetric three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to measure brain tissue volumes at term in premature infants with earlier ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of PVL (mean gestational age at birth, 28.7 +/- 2.0 weeks; n = 10), in premature infants with normal imaging studies (mean gestational age at birth, 29.0 +/- 2.1 weeks; n = 10), and in control term infants (n = 14). Premature infants with PVL had a marked reduction in cerebral cortical gray matter at term compared with either premature infants without PVL or normal term infants (mean +/- SD: PVL, 157.5 +/- 41.5 ml; no PVL, 211.7 +/- 25.4 ml; normal term, 218.8 +/- 21.3 ml). As expected, a reduction in the volume of total brain myelinated white matter was also noted (mean +/- SD: PVL, 14.5 +/- 4.6 ml; no PVL, 23.1 +/- 6.9 ml; normal term, 27.6 +/- 10.3 ml). An apparent compensatory increase in total cerebrospinal fluid volume also was found (mean +/- SD: PVL, 64.5 +/- 15.2 ml; no PVL, 52.0 +/- 24.1 ml; normal term, 32.9 +/- 13.5 ml). PVL in the premature infant is shown for the first time to be followed by impaired cerebral cortical development. These findings may provide insight into the anatomical correlate for the intellectual deficits associated with PVL in the premature infant.

Science Case for the Einstein Telescope

Abstract: The Einstein Telescope (ET), a proposed European ground-based gravitational-wave detector of third-generation, is an evolution of second-generation detectors such as Advanced LIGO, Advanced Virgo, and KAGRA which could be operating in the mid 2030s. ET will explore the universe with gravitational waves up to cosmological distances. We discuss its main scientific objectives and its potential for discoveries in astrophysics, cosmology and fundamental physics.

Quantum repeaters with photon pair sources and multimode memories.

Abstract: We propose a quantum repeater protocol which builds on the well-known Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) protocol [L. M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature (London) 414, 413 (2001)10.1038/35106500], but which uses photon pair sources in combination with memories that allow to store a large number of temporal modes. We suggest to realize such multimode memories based on the principle of photon echo, using solids doped with rare-earth-metal ions. The use of multimode memories promises a speedup in entanglement generation by several orders of magnitude and a significant reduction in stability requirements compared to the DLCZ protocol.

The Public Policy Process

Abstract: The Public Policy Process is essential reading for anyone trying to understand the process by which public policy is made. Explaining clearly the importance of the relationship between theoretical and practical aspects of policy making, the book gives a thorough overview of the people and organisations involved in the process. Fully revised and updated for a seventh edition, The Public Policy Process provides: • Clear exploration, using many illustrations, of how policy is made and implemented. • A new chapter on comparative theory and methods. • New material on studying advocacy coalitions, policy changes, governance and evaluation. • More European and international examples

Very large tunneling magnetoresistance in layered magnetic semiconductor CrI 3 .

Abstract: Magnetic layered van der Waals crystals are an emerging class of materials giving access to new physical phenomena, as illustrated by the recent observation of 2D ferromagnetism in Cr2Ge2Te6 and CrI3. Of particular interest in semiconductors is the interplay between magnetism and transport, which has remained unexplored. Here we report magneto-transport measurements on exfoliated CrI3 crystals. We find that tunneling conduction in the direction perpendicular to the crystalline planes exhibits a magnetoresistance as large as 10,000%. The evolution of the magnetoresistance with magnetic field and temperature reveals that the phenomenon originates from multiple transitions to different magnetic states, whose possible microscopic nature is discussed on the basis of all existing experimental observations. This observed dependence of the conductance of a tunnel barrier on its magnetic state is a phenomenon that demonstrates the presence of a strong coupling between transport and magnetism in magnetic van der Waals semiconductors.