University of Geneva

About: University of Geneva is a education organization based out in Geneva, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Planet. The organization has 26887 authors who have published 65265 publications receiving 2931373 citations. The organization is also known as: Geneva University & Universite de Geneve.

Peritoneal adhesions and their relation to abdominal surgery: A postmortem study

Abstract: Summary In 752 consecutive autopsies, peritoneal adhesions were studied with regard to incidence, distribution, and pathogenesis. Adhesions were found in 67 per cent of the subjects who had undergone laparotomy and in 28 per cent of those who had not (the latter adhesions, called “spontaneous,” were presumably caused by foci of inflammation). The incidence of adhesions after minor, major, and multiple operations was 51, 72, and 93 per cent, respectively. Their topographic distribution, summarized in a scheme for each type of operation, points out the importance of surgical trauma as a causative factor. Histologic study confirmed the importance of microscopic foreign bodies (not only talcum powder, but also fluff from gauze pads and so forth) as well as the role of another recently described mechanism, coagulation of blood on an injured peritoneal surface. As regards constitutional factors, short women who were also obese were especially prone to postoperative adhesions; in men this tendency was less marked. Spontaneous adhesions were more frequent in heavy women; in men there was no difference. Age did not affect the incidence of postoperative adhesions, but there was an increase of spontaneous adhesions after the age of sixty. Sex played a role in that women had 4 per cent more adhesions. Ascites had no inhibiting effect. Preventive measures are briefly reviewed.

Observation of Associated Near-Side and Away-Side Long-Range Correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV Proton-Lead Collisions with the ATLAS Detector

Abstract: Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Delta phi) and pseudorapidity (Delta eta) are measured in root S-NN = 5.02 TeV p + Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1 mu b(-1) of data as a function of transverse momentum (p(T)) and the transverse energy (Sigma E-T(Pb)) summed over 3.1 < eta < 4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2 < vertical bar Delta eta vertical bar < 5) "near-side" (Delta phi similar to 0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing Sigma E-T(Pb). A long-range "away-side" (Delta phi similar to pi) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small Sigma E-T(Pb), is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Delta eta and Delta phi) and Sigma E-T(Pb) dependence. The resultant Delta phi correlation is approximately symmetric about pi/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos2 Delta phi modulation for all Sigma E-T(Pb) ranges and particle p(T).

The quantum technologies roadmap: a European community view

Abstract: Within the last two decades, quantum technologies (QT) have made tremendous progress, moving from Nobel Prize award-winning experiments on quantum physics (1997: Chu, Cohen-Tanoudji, Phillips; 2001: Cornell, Ketterle, Wieman; 2005: Hall, Hansch-, Glauber; 2012: Haroche, Wineland) into a cross-disciplinary field of applied research. Technologies are being developed now that explicitly address individual quantum states and make use of the 'strange' quantum properties, such as superposition and entanglement. The field comprises four domains: quantum communication, where individual or entangled photons are used to transmit data in a provably secure way; quantum simulation, where well-controlled quantum systems are used to reproduce the behaviour of other, less accessible quantum systems; quantum computation, which employs quantum effects to dramatically speed up certain calculations, such as number factoring; and quantum sensing and metrology, where the high sensitivity of coherent quantum systems to external perturbations is exploited to enhance the performance of measurements of physical quantities. In Europe, the QT community has profited from several EC funded coordination projects, which, among other things, have coordinated the creation of a 150-page QT Roadmap (http://qurope.eu/h2020/qtflagship/roadmap2016). This article presents an updated summary of this roadmap.