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Institution

University of Geneva

EducationGeneva, Switzerland
About: University of Geneva is a education organization based out in Geneva, Switzerland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Planet. The organization has 26887 authors who have published 65265 publications receiving 2931373 citations. The organization is also known as: Geneva University & Universite de Geneve.
Topics: Population, Planet, Galaxy, Exoplanet, Stars


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The association of the epigenetic inactivation of the DNA repair gene MGMT with better outcome in this homogenous cohort may have important implications for the design of future trials and supports efforts to deplete MGMT by O-6-benzylguanine, a noncytotoxic substrate of this enzyme.
Abstract: Purpose: In the setting of a prospective clinical trial, we determined the predictive value of the methylation status of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase ( MGMT ) promoter for outcome in glioblastoma patients treated with the alkylating agent temozolomide. Expression of this excision repair enzyme has been associated with resistance to alkylating chemotherapy. Experimental Design: The methylation status of MGMT in the tumor biopsies was evaluated in 38 patients undergoing resection for newly diagnosed glioblastoma and enrolled in a Phase II trial testing concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide and radiation. The epigenetic silencing of the MGMT gene was determined using methylation-specific PCR. Results: Inactivation of the MGMT gene by promoter methylation was associated with longer survival ( P = 0.0051; Log-rank test). At 18 months, survival was 62% (16 of 26) for patients testing positive for a methylated MGMT promoter but reached only 8% (1 of 12) in absence of methylation ( P = 0.002; Fisher’s exact test). In the presence of other clinically relevant factors, methylation of the MGMT promoter remains the only significant predictor ( P = 0.017; Cox regression). Conclusions: This prospective clinical trial identifies MGMT -methylation status as an independent predictor for glioblastoma patients treated with a methylating agent. The association of the epigenetic inactivation of the DNA repair gene MGMT with better outcome in this homogenous cohort may have important implications for the design of future trials and supports efforts to deplete MGMT by O -6-benzylguanine, a noncytotoxic substrate of this enzyme.

770 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Alain Abergel1, Peter A. R. Ade2, Nabila Aghanim1, M. I. R. Alves1  +307 moreInstitutions (66)
TL;DR: In this article, the authors presented an all-sky model of dust emission from the Planck 857, 545 and 353 GHz, and IRAS 100 micron data.
Abstract: This paper presents an all-sky model of dust emission from the Planck 857, 545 and 353 GHz, and IRAS 100 micron data. Using a modified black-body fit to the data we present all-sky maps of the dust optical depth, temperature, and spectral index over the 353-3000 GHz range. This model is a tight representation of the data at 5 arcmin. It shows variations of the order of 30 % compared with the widely-used model of Finkbeiner, Davis, and Schlegel. The Planck data allow us to estimate the dust temperature uniformly over the whole sky, providing an improved estimate of the dust optical depth compared to previous all-sky dust model, especially in high-contrast molecular regions. An increase of the dust opacity at 353 GHz, tau_353/N_H, from the diffuse to the denser interstellar medium (ISM) is reported. It is associated with a decrease in the observed dust temperature, T_obs, that could be due at least in part to the increased dust opacity. We also report an excess of dust emission at HI column densities lower than 10^20 cm^-2 that could be the signature of dust in the warm ionized medium. In the diffuse ISM at high Galactic latitude, we report an anti-correlation between tau_353/N_H and T_obs while the dust specific luminosity, i.e., the total dust emission integrated over frequency (the radiance) per hydrogen atom, stays about constant. The implication is that in the diffuse high-latitude ISM tau_353 is not as reliable a tracer of dust column density as we conclude it is in molecular clouds where the correlation of tau_353 with dust extinction estimated using colour excess measurements on stars is strong. To estimate Galactic E(B-V) in extragalactic fields at high latitude we develop a new method based on the thermal dust radiance, instead of the dust optical depth, calibrated to E(B-V) using reddening measurements of quasars deduced from Sloan Digital Sky Survey data.

768 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Flexoelectricity is a universal effect allowed by symmetry in all materials as discussed by the authors and has been studied in many nanoscale systems, and potential applications of this electromechanical phenomenon have been discussed.
Abstract: Flexoelectricity—the coupling between polarization and strain gradients—is a universal effect allowed by symmetry in all materials. Following its discovery several decades ago, studies of flexoelectricity in solids have been scarce due to the seemingly small magnitude of this effect in bulk samples. The development of nanoscale technologies, however, has renewed the interest in flexoelectricity, as the large strain gradients often present at the nanoscale can lead to strong flexoelectric effects. Here we review the fundamentals of the flexoelectric effect in solids, discuss its presence in many nanoscale systems, and look at potential applications of this electromechanical phenomenon. The review also emphasizes the many open questions and unresolved issues in this developing field.

767 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors showed that the use of drug-eluting stents can reduce the incidence of stent thrombosis and late in-stent restenosis by up to 75%.
Abstract: Percutaneous coronary intervention has become the most frequently used method of myocardial revascularization.1,2 The advent of coronary stenting led to a significant decrease in the complications seen after balloon angioplasty, resulting in improved patient outcome.3,4 Yet, stented angioplasty has been plagued from the onset by early stent thrombosis (<30 days after index procedure) and late in-stent restenosis (ISR). Initially, stent thrombosis rates as high as 24% raised serious doubts as to the viability of the therapy.5 With the combined prescription of thienopyridines and aspirin for 4 to 8 weeks,6,7 together with proper stent deployment techniques,8 early stent thrombosis rates decreased to what was felt to be an unavoidable and acceptable 1% to 1.5%. At the same time, efforts to reduce the 30% late ISR rates through systemic pharmacological approaches remained unsuccessful until local radiation, a strong antiproliferative therapy, was applied to prevent or treat ISR.9–13 Vascular brachytherapy was the first illustration that delayed healing might portend an increased risk of thrombosis together with the expected reduction in restenosis. Indeed, stent thrombosis rates increased again up to 5.3%, and the time window of event occurrence was extended beyond 1 year so that the initial clinical benefit would eventually erode as time went by.13,14 Today, first-generation drug-eluting stents (gen1-DES: Cypher, Cordis, Johnson & Johnson, Miami Lakes, Fla [sirolimus-eluting stent, SES] and Taxus, Boston Scientific Corp, Natick, Mass [paclitaxel-eluting stent]) releasing an antiproliferative compound (sirolimus or paclitaxel, respectively) via a nonbioerodable polymer have been proved to reduce the incidence of ISR by up to 75%.15–39 Since the publication in 2002 of the first randomized trial16 comparing DES and bare metal stents (BMS) in highly selected patients and lesions, the use of DES in clinical practice has expanded to the majority of coronary lesion subsets …

767 citations


Authors

Showing all 27203 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
JoAnn E. Manson2701819258509
Joseph L. Goldstein207556149527
Kari Stefansson206794174819
David Baltimore203876162955
Mark I. McCarthy2001028187898
Michael S. Brown185422123723
Yang Gao1682047146301
Napoleone Ferrara167494140647
Marc Weber1672716153502
Alessandro Melchiorri151674116384
Andrew D. Hamilton1511334105439
David P. Strachan143472105256
Andrew Beretvas1411985110059
Rainer Wallny1411661105387
Josh Moss139101989255
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023171
2022520
20214,280
20204,142
20193,580
20183,395