Showing papers by "University of Glasgow published in 1985"
TL;DR: In the final paragraph of that classical volume, "Peptic Ulcer" (1) published in 1951, three of the most eminent gastrointestinal physicians, namely A. C. Ivy, Morton Grossman and William Bachrach, predicted that "future research will reveal orally-active innocuous substances for specifically preventing the formation of acid by the parietal cells and/or rendering the gastric and duodenal mucosa less susceptible to injury".
Abstract: In the final paragraph of that classical volume, \"Peptic Ulcer\" (1) published in 1951, during an era when medical treatment consisted only of special diet and antacids, three of the most eminent gastrointestinal physicians the world has ever known, namely A. C. Ivy, Morton Grossman and William Bachrach, looked towards the future treatment of ulcer. They expressed the hope that \"mutilating operations will be unnecessary\" and predicted that \"future research will reveal orally-active innocuous substances for specifically preventing the formation of acid by the parietal cells and/or rendering the gastric and duodenal mucosa less susceptible to injury\". Over the thirty years which have elapsed since these postulates were put forward many of their requirements have been fulfilled. Certainly, fewer and less mutilating operations are being performed with minimal mortalities but there are still significant and irreversible complications and the chances of ulcer recurrence are appreciable. In the last two decades pharmacological research has achieved the first postulate by developing orally administered agents, now given once daily, which are capable of \"specifically preventing the formation of acid by the parietal cell\". Initially, vagal blockage was attempted with anticholinergics but these were only partially effective and they produced unpleasant side-effects. This state of affairs has been much improved by the development of new muscarine M 1-receptor antagonists such as pirenzepine, which are capable of healing ulcers and have minimal side-effects. There was widespread disappointment when the antihistamine drugs developed in the 1950s were
872 citations
TL;DR: Dans le cycle biologique de Trypanosoma brucei le changement le plus important se passe au niveau du systeme mitochondrial, en relation avec l'invasion des cellules hote and the resistance of l'hote.
Abstract: Dans le cycle biologique de Trypanosoma brucei le changement le plus important se passe au niveau du systeme mitochondrial. Pour T. cruzi on ne note pas de variation des mitochondries ni de variation antigenique mais des variations des composants de la surface cellulaire en relation avec l'invasion des cellules hote et la resistance de l'hote qui a ete demontree
653 citations
TL;DR: The presence of CGRP in the cerebrovascular trigeminal innervation provides further versatility and complexity for this sensory afferent system putatively involved in the transmission of intracranial pain.
399 citations
TL;DR: The thermal degradation of polylactide has been studied at several temperatures in the range 230-440°C and the variation of product distribution with temperature has been examined as discussed by the authors.
346 citations
TL;DR: Findings confirm the organic nature of the postviral fatigue syndrome and suggest a metabolic disorder, caused by persistent virus infection and associated with defective immunoregulation, is suggested as the pathogenetic mechanism.
257 citations
TL;DR: There is a significant association between the presence of naevi in early childhood (prior to 5 years of age) and the development in later life of large numbers of moles.
Abstract: Total body mole counts have been performed on 432 normal healthy Caucasian subjects ages 4 days-96 years (204 males and 228 females). The mean total body mole count in the first decade of life is 3 for females and 2 for males rising rapidly in the second decade to a mean of 23 for females and 18 for males. In the third decade numbers are highest with a mean of 33 for females and 22 for males. Thereafter numbers of moles slowly drop until in the eighth decade they fall to levels similar to those seen in prepubertal children. There is a significant association between the presence of naevi in early childhood (prior to age 5) and the development in later life of large numbers of moles. In women there is no significant association between total mole counts and either parity or oral contraceptive use. (authors)
219 citations
TL;DR: The effect of time of polymerization on molecular weight and stability has been examined in this paper, and the effect of polylactide decomposition to oligomers has been investigated.
210 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors attempted to ascertain whether the differing provenance sources and plate tectonic settings of deposition of clastic sediments and rocks can be identified by chemical means, thus opening the increased use of these rocks and their metamorphosed derivatives in plate-tectonic modelling.
Abstract: This study attempts to ascertain whether the differing provenance sources and plate tectonic settings of deposition of clastic sediments and rocks can be identified by chemical means, thus opening the increased use of these rocks and their metamorphosed derivatives in plate tectonic modelling. Mineralogically immature feldspathic and mafic sands, muds, sandstones and shales from Mesozoic, Cenozoic and Holocene clastic deposits in California, Oregon, Alaska and Colorado have been both modally and chemically analysed providing a valuable data base (217 samples; 216 samples chemically analysed, many for 28 elements).There is significant upward chemical variation in the Great Valley sequence of California which mimics previously described petrographic variation and in turn reflects provenance changes with igneous episodes and erosional stripping of the Sierra Nevada in late Mesozoic time. Differing sandstone petrofacies result in varying chemical signatures and while the provenances of monomict sediments are easiest to identify, polymict sources involving granitoid or ophiolitic material can often be identified by potassium feldspar or Cr contents. The distinction of K which is derived from detrital potassium feldspar from K derived from detrital illite, micas or other sheet minerals, is best made by a Niggli al–alk plot against k. Mafic sandstones derived from mafic volcanic or plutonic rocks preserve essentially mafic igneous chemistry and could be possible parent sources of some amphibolites which grade into metasediments. The lithified erosion products of the Sierra Nevada calc-alkaline igneous rocks have higher Niggli al–alk and higher average Niggli si at any given mg value than the fresh igneous rocks enabling meta-arkoses to be distinguished from meta-igneous rocks.Applying previously published chemical criteria gives the actual plate tectonic setting of deposition of most of the sandstones studied. This suggests that the chemical composition of sandstones can yield much more information about the provenance and plate tectonic setting than hitherto recognised.
181 citations
TL;DR: More females than males had sensitive teeth, but the differences were not statistically significant, and patients' subjective evaluations were found to be unreliable.
178 citations
TL;DR: Neuropathological quantification of the ischemic damage present 3 hours after occlusion showed thai: nimodipine pretreatment reduced the volume and extent of cellular damage in the periphery but not in the core of the lesion.
Abstract: We used the [14C]iodoantipyrine autoradiography technique to study the effect of pretreatment with the calcium antagonist nimodipine on local cerebral blood flow (lCBF) in rats that underwent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. In untreated control animals there were profound localized reductions in 1CBF 30 minutes after MCA occlusion. These were most pronounced in neocortical areas and in the caudate nucleus ipsilateral to the MCA occlusion. In animals pretreated with nimodipine (1 microgram X kg-1 X min-1 for 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after MCA occlusion), the ipsilateral decrease in 1CBF in cortical regions was significantly less than that in control animals. The drug did not appear to alter 1CBF in the ipsilateral caudate nucleus. Neuropathological quantification of the ischemic damage present 3 hours after occlusion showed that nimodipine pretreatment reduced the volume and extent of cellular damage in the periphery but not in the core of the lesion.
174 citations
TL;DR: Wild brown hares (Lepus europaeus), though normally comparatively solitary, have the capacity to adjust their behaviour such that they can benefit when foraging in groups, but these benefits are conditional upon the food distribution.
TL;DR: It is suggested that protein kinase C may act to terminate the transduction processes that link receptor occupancy to cellular activation in tumour‐promoting phorbol esters.
TL;DR: It is argued that over time a nation tends to display a U-shaped pattern in the degree of interurban concentration, and that the higher a nation's overall level of development, the more advanced it will be in the sequence of concentration.
TL;DR: The stoichiometric affinity constants of H+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Sr+ for the ligand EGTA were determined using a modified version of the pH metric method developed by Moisescu and Pusch, and the values obtained were slightly higher than those previously published.
TL;DR: Theory m psychopharmacology as mentioned in this paper is an excellent reference for postgraduate students and research workers in several domains of neuro-scence, including particularly psychology, pharmacology and psychiatry.
TL;DR: The data presented here suggest that when GH3 cells are stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), an agonist inducing PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, the two limbs of the inositol lipid signalling system interact to control free cytosolic calcium levels ([Ca2+]i).
Abstract: It is now established that a key step in the action of calcium-mobilizing agonists is stimulation of the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(4,5)P2) to 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3). The latter substance acts as a second messenger, controlling the release of calcium from intracellular stores (see ref. 3 for review). The bifurcating nature of the signalling system is exemplified by the fact that the other product of PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, 1,2-diacylglycerol, can alter cellular function by activating protein kinase C, the cellular target for several tumour-promoting agents such as the phorbol esters. In various tissues, including GH3 pituitary tumour cells, a synergistic interaction between calcium ions and protein kinase C underlies agonist-induced changes in cell activity. The data presented here suggest that when GH3 cells are stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), an agonist inducing PtdIns(4,5)P2 hydrolysis, the two limbs of the inositol lipid signalling system interact to control free cytosolic calcium levels [( Ca2+]i). At low levels of TRH receptor occupancy, [Ca2+]i increases rapidly, then declines relatively slowly. As receptor occupancy increases, the calcium signal becomes more short-lived due to the appearance of a second, inhibitory, component. This latter component, which is enhanced when [Ca2+]i is elevated by high potassium depolarization, is mimicked by active phorbol esters and by bacterial phospholipase C. It seems likely that protein kinase C subserves a negative feedback role in agonist-induced calcium mobilization.
TL;DR: A survey of the occurrence of plastic in the gizzardz of seabirds at Gough Island indicated that high levels were present in white-faced storm petrels, great shearwaters, and broad-billed prions, while several other species carried small numbers of particles as discussed by the authors.
TL;DR: A group of racehorses in training was examined on several occasions with a fibreoptic endoscope and monitored for viral infection and only equine herpes virus-2 (EHV-2) infection was detected.
Abstract: Summary
A group of racehorses in training was examined on several occasions with a fibreoptic endoscope and monitored for viral infection. Only equine herpes virus-2 (EHV-2) infection was detected. Pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) was present in all horses and decreased in severity with age. There was no association between PLH severity and antibody titres to EHV-1, or with the isolation of EHV-2. Finishing position in races was not affected by PLH severity. Exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) was evident on 23 out of 49 (47 per cent) examinations after maximal speed training exercise. Eighteen out of 19 (95 per cent) horses examined on at least two occasions had EIPH but its occurrence was not predictable. Observable mucoid or mucopurulent exudate was present in the trachea in 60 out of 118 (50 per cent) examinations and the amount seen was increased following exercise.
TL;DR: Analysis of the proteins synthesized in cells infected with viruses possessing rearranged genomes showed that in all cases the product of RNA segment 5, VP5, was missing; however, in one case an abnormal protein was observed which corresponded in size to the coding capacity of the mRNA transcribed from the additional genomic RNA band.
TL;DR: The two concepts may be combined to implement abstract data types, modules, separate compilation, views, and data protection, and the ideas may be used in system construction and version control, as demonstrated here.
Abstract: A persistent programming environment, together with a language that supports first class procedures, may be used to provide the semantic features of other object modeling languages. In particular, the two concepts may be combined to implement abstract data types, modules, separate compilation, views, and data protection. Furthermore, the ideas may be used in system construction and version control, as demonstrated here.
TL;DR: Joint afferents would appear to play a significant role in the regulation of posture and movement in cats after injection of local anaesthetic into the knee joint cavity in a series of 14 cats.
TL;DR: Dietary protein may have influenced parasite establishment since lambs on the low protein diet had a higher faecal egg output four weeks after infection and more severe clinical signs than infected lambs of the same breed on a high protein diet.
TL;DR: In gustatory choice experiments with mature macroalgae, grazing by the common periwinkle, Littorina littorea (L.), was highly selective in favour of the foliose ephemeral green algae, Ulva lactuca L. and Enteromorpha intestinalis (L.) Link.
TL;DR: EPSP synthase was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of the herbicide glyphosate, and the initial enzyme of the shikimate pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase, was also associated with intact density-gradient-purified chloroplasts.
Abstract: 5-Enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase (3-phosphoshikimate 1-carboxyvinyltransferase; EC 2.5.1.19), 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.10) and shikimate: NADP+ oxidoreductase (EC 1.1.1.25) were present in intact chloroplasts and root plastids isolated from pea seedling extracts by sucrose and modified-silica density gradient centrifugation. In young (approx. 10-d-old) seedling shoots the enzymes were predominantly chloroplastic; high-performance anion-exchange chromatography resolved minor isoenzymic activities not observed in density-gradientpurified chloroplasts. The initial enzyme of the shikimate pathway, 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (EC 4.1.2.15) was also associated with intact density-gradient-purified chloroplasts. 3-Dehydroquinate synthase (EC 4.6.1.3) and shikimate kinase (EC 2.7.1.71) were detected together with the other pathway enzymes in stromal preparations from washed chloroplasts. Plastidic EPSP synthase was inhibited by micromolar concentrations of the herbicide glyphosate.
TL;DR: (1985).
Abstract: (1985). Techniques of Identifying Competencies Needed of Doctors. Medical Teacher: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 15-25.
TL;DR: In this paper, the connexion entre the partie symetrique d un operateur lineaire and the frontiere stabilite-instabilite is studied. André et al. calculate des conditions suffisantes pour la stabilite non lineaire d'un probleme du type convection du mouvement sous l'effet de la gravite d'une suspension de microorganismes.
Abstract: Etude de la connexion entre la partie symetrique d'un operateur lineaire et la frontiere stabilite-instabilite. Calcul des conditions suffisantes pour la stabilite non lineaire d'un probleme du type convection du mouvement sous l'effet de la gravite d'une suspension de microorganismes
TL;DR: In this article, the total power radiated per loop for several loop trajectories in the class of closed loops of superheavy cosmic string trajectories was evaluated, the results being similar to the values obtained in a previous numerical calculation of specific trajectories by Vachaspati and Vilenkin.
TL;DR: Clinical testing of some of the therapeutic possibilities for circumventing anthracycline resistance may soon be appropriate, following inherited changes in the cell membrane resulting in failure of drug accumulation.
Abstract: Resistance to anthracyclines is the major factor limiting their clinical utility. Laboratory studies using cultured experimental and human tumour cells have indicated that reduced intracellular drug accumulation is one important factor underlying resistance. In some systems this results from enhanced active drug efflux, a process which may be circumvented experimentally, for example by calcium antagonists. A specific glycoprotein which is produced in excess and is inherited has been identified in the cell membrane of certain anthracycline-resistant cells, while gene amplification with the appearance of double-minute chromosomes has been noted in others. Thus it is possible that anthracycline resistance arises following inherited changes in the cell membrane resulting in failure of drug accumulation. However, other possibilities exist, including differences in drug binding, either to the cell membrane or to nuclei, differences in metabolism to the semiquinone free radical, and differences in drug penetration related to tumour morphology. For each human tumour type the factor(s) involved may differ, but sufficient clues now exist to suggest that clinical testing of some of the therapeutic possibilities for circumventing anthracycline resistance may soon be appropriate.
TL;DR: In this article, the CD spectra of a range of antenna complexes from several different species of purple photosynthetic bacteria were recorded in the wavelength range of 190 to 930 nm.
Abstract: The CD spectra of a range of antenna complexes from several different species of purple photosynthetic bacteria were recorded in the wavelength range of 190 to 930 nm Analysis of the far UV CD (190 to 250 nm) showed that in each case except for the B800-850 from Chr vinosum the secondary structure of the light-harvesting complexes contains a large amount of α-helix (50%) and very little 0-pleated sheet This confirms the predictions of the group of Zuber of a high a-helical content based upon consideration of the primary structures of several antenna apoproteins The CD spectra from the carotenoids and the bacteriochlorophylls show considerable variations depending upon the type of antenna complex The different amplitude ratios in the CD spectrum for the bacteriochlorophyll Qy, Qx and Soret bands indicate not only different degrees of exciton coupling, but also a strong and variable hyperchromism (Scherz and Parson, 1984a, b)
TL;DR: Adriamycin-loaded bovine albumin microspheres have been prepared by a technique that allows preparation and administration to animals on the same day and serum drug levels after microsphere administration indicated an initial rapid release followed by a more protracted phase lasting at least 24 h.
Abstract: Adriamycin-loaded bovine albumin microspheres have been prepared by a technique that allows preparation and administration to animals on the same day. Criteria adopted for injection were that microspheres should be stable and of a size such as to become trapped in capillary beds. These conditions were fulfilled by preparing microspheres using glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than 0.5 per cent and the appropriate combination of stirring speed and continuous phase viscosity. After systemic administration rats were sacrificed at intervals and major visceral organs examined for entrapped microspheres and serum for released drug. Microspheres sieved out in the first capillary bed encountered, the lung, then following biodegradation they disappeared at a rate dependent on the amount of cross-linking agent used in their preparation. In contrast to bolus injection, serum drug levels after microsphere administration indicated an initial rapid release followed by a more protracted phase lasting at least 24 h. This latter observation is consistent with drug release during biodegradation of carrier.