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Showing papers by "University of Glasgow published in 2022"


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2022
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors report the clinical features, longitudinal virological findings, and response to off-label antivirals in seven patients with monkeypox who were diagnosed in the UK between 2018 and 2021, identified through retrospective case-note review.
Abstract: Cases of human monkeypox are rarely seen outside of west and central Africa. There are few data regarding viral kinetics or the duration of viral shedding and no licensed treatments. Two oral drugs, brincidofovir and tecovirimat, have been approved for treatment of smallpox and have demonstrated efficacy against monkeypox in animals. Our aim was to describe the longitudinal clinical course of monkeypox in a high-income setting, coupled with viral dynamics, and any adverse events related to novel antiviral therapies.In this retrospective observational study, we report the clinical features, longitudinal virological findings, and response to off-label antivirals in seven patients with monkeypox who were diagnosed in the UK between 2018 and 2021, identified through retrospective case-note review. This study included all patients who were managed in dedicated high consequence infectious diseases (HCID) centres in Liverpool, London, and Newcastle, coordinated via a national HCID network.We reviewed all cases since the inception of the HCID (airborne) network between Aug 15, 2018, and Sept 10, 2021, identifying seven patients. Of the seven patients, four were men and three were women. Three acquired monkeypox in the UK: one patient was a health-care worker who acquired the virus nosocomially, and one patient who acquired the virus abroad transmitted it to an adult and child within their household cluster. Notable disease features included viraemia, prolonged monkeypox virus DNA detection in upper respiratory tract swabs, reactive low mood, and one patient had a monkeypox virus PCR-positive deep tissue abscess. Five patients spent more than 3 weeks (range 22-39 days) in isolation due to prolonged PCR positivity. Three patients were treated with brincidofovir (200 mg once a week orally), all of whom developed elevated liver enzymes resulting in cessation of therapy. One patient was treated with tecovirimat (600 mg twice daily for 2 weeks orally), experienced no adverse effects, and had a shorter duration of viral shedding and illness (10 days hospitalisation) compared with the other six patients. One patient experienced a mild relapse 6 weeks after hospital discharge.Human monkeypox poses unique challenges, even to well resourced health-care systems with HCID networks. Prolonged upper respiratory tract viral DNA shedding after skin lesion resolution challenged current infection prevention and control guidance. There is an urgent need for prospective studies of antivirals for this disease.None.

628 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Tracy Hussell1, Ramsey Sabit2, Rachel Upthegrove3, Daniel M. Forton4  +524 moreInstitutions (270)
TL;DR: The Post-hospitalisation COVID-19 study (PHOSP-COVID) as mentioned in this paper is a prospective, longitudinal cohort study recruiting adults (aged ≥18 years) discharged from hospital with COVID19 across the UK.

118 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the polyhedral oligomericsilsesquioxane (POSS) containing amino group was covalently grafted on the surface of HNTs with 3-(2,3-epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane as a chemical bridge.

76 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the progress and challenges on thermal management of different electrochemical energy devices including fuel cells, electrolysers and supercapacitors are discussed in-depth and some directions for future studies are provided.

70 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the in-plane energy absorption characteristics of modified re-entrant auxetic honeycombs realized via fused filament fabrication in conjunction with parametric analysis and geometry optimization were evaluated.
Abstract: Here, we present the in-plane energy absorption characteristics of modified re-entrant auxetic honeycombs realized via fused filament fabrication in conjunction with parametric analysis and geometry optimization. The influence and interaction effects of the geometrical parameters such as strut-length ratio and joint-angles on the stiffness, strength and energy absorption characteristics of modified re-entrant auxetic honeycombs were evaluated. Subsequently, Finite Element results obtained using ABAQUS/Explicit were corroborated with measured data. Deformation mode, stress-strain response and energy absorption behavior of an optimal re-entrant auxetic honeycomb were studied and compared with conventional re-entrant auxetic structure. Modified auxetic structure reveals an 36% improvement in the specific energy absorption capacity. Our analysis further indicates that due to the introduction of more nodes with low rotational stiffness, the failure strain of the modified re-entrant structure has increased resulting in improved energy absorption capacity.

52 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a case study of three distinct approaches to probabilistic wind power forecasting is presented using an open dataset, and the case study provides an example of exemplary forecast evaluation, and open source code allows for its reproduction and use in future work.
Abstract: Installed capacities of wind and solar power have grown rapidly over recent years, and the pool of literature on very short-term (minutes- to hours-ahead) wind and solar forecasting has grown in line with this. This paper reviews established and emerging approaches to provide an up-to-date view of the field. Knowledge transfer between wind and solar forecasting has benefited the field and is discussed, and new opportunities are identified, particularly regarding use of remote sensing technology. Forecasting methodologies and study design are compared and recommendations for high quality, reproducible results are presented. In particular, the choice of suitable benchmarks and use of sufficiently long datasets is highlighted. A case study of three distinct approaches to probabilistic wind power forecasting is presented using an open dataset. The case study provides an example of exemplary forecast evaluation, and open source code allows for its reproduction and use in future work.

36 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the impacts of various microscopic material properties of Fe-BC on aqueous hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] removal by ML approach and highlighted the variations of biochar properties after iron impregnation.

34 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed a predictive tool based on computational fluid dynamics and machine learning to examine the distribution of sneezing droplets in realistic configurations, and identified an optimal range of temperature, humidity and ventilation rate to maintain human comfort while minimising the transmission of droplets.

33 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A quantitative and replicable framework for heritage adaptation is proposed, combining urban morphology and vitality measures derived from big geospatial data, which extends the understanding of forms of heritage areas and provides theoretical support for heritage conservation, urban construction, and economic development.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a resolving partition of hexagonal Möbius ladder graph is discussed and bounds of partition dimension of the hexagonal multilinear ladder network are discussed.

29 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the performance of supercapacitors is highly dependent on the synthesis route used for electrode materials preparation, such as solution-based chemical techniques, physical methods, and deposition techniques.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers as mentioned in this paper , which enables depth-resolved quantum imaging at very low light levels.
Abstract: Hong–Ou–Mandel (HOM) interference—the bunching of indistinguishable photons at a beamsplitter—is a staple of quantum optics and lies at the heart of many quantum sensing approaches and recent optical quantum computers. Here we report a full-field, scan-free quantum imaging technique that exploits HOM interference to reconstruct the surface depth profile of transparent samples. We demonstrate the ability to retrieve images with micrometre-scale depth features with photon flux as small as seven photon pairs per frame. Using a single-photon avalanche diode camera, we measure both bunched and anti-bunched photon-pair distributions at the output of an HOM interferometer, which are combined to provide a lower-noise image of the sample. This approach demonstrates the possibility of HOM microscopy as a tool for the label-free imaging of transparent samples in the very low photon regime. Hong–Ou–Mandel interference enables depth-resolved quantum imaging at very low light levels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors argue that variation in alternative splicing plays an important and widely unexplored role in adaptation (e.g., by increasing transcriptome and/or proteome diversity, or buffering potentially deleterious genetic variation).
Abstract: Regulation of gene expression plays a central role in adaptive divergence and evolution. Although the role of gene regulation in microevolutionary processes is gaining wide acceptance, most studies have only investigated the evolution of transcript levels, ignoring the potentially significant role of transcript structures. We argue that variation in alternative splicing plays an important and widely unexplored role in adaptation (e.g., by increasing transcriptome and/or proteome diversity, or buffering potentially deleterious genetic variation). New studies increasingly highlight the potential for independent evolution in alternative splicing and transcript level, providing alternative paths for selection to act upon. We propose that alternative splicing and transcript levels can provide contrasting, nonredundant mechanisms of equal importance for adaptive diversification of gene function and regulation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate that helminth parasites reshape their intestinal environment in a novel strategy for undermining the host protective response by inducing spheroid growth characteristic of fetal epithelium and homeostatic repair.
Abstract: Helminth parasites are adept manipulators of the immune system, using multiple strategies to evade the host type 2 response. In the intestinal niche, the epithelium is crucial for initiating type 2 immunity via tuft cells, which together with goblet cells expand dramatically in response to the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13. However, it is not known whether helminths modulate these epithelial cell populations. In vitro, using small intestinal organoids, we found that excretory/secretory products (HpES) from Heligmosomoides polygyrus blocked the effects of IL-4/13, inhibiting tuft and goblet cell gene expression and expansion, and inducing spheroid growth characteristic of fetal epithelium and homeostatic repair. Similar outcomes were seen in organoids exposed to parasite larvae. In vivo, H. polygyrus infection inhibited tuft cell responses to heterologous Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection or succinate, and HpES also reduced succinate-stimulated tuft cell expansion. Our results demonstrate that helminth parasites reshape their intestinal environment in a novel strategy for undermining the host protective response.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the Burgers fluid with a fractional derivatives model analyzed through a rotating annulus is presented, the governing partial differential equation solved for velocity field and shear stress by using integral transformation method and using Bessel equations.
Abstract: Keeping in view of the complex fluid mechanics in bio-medicine and engineering, the Burgers’ fluid with a fractional derivatives model analyzed through a rotating annulus. The governing partial differential equation solved for velocity field and shear stress by using integral transformation method and using Bessel equations. The transformed equation inverted numerically by using Gaver-Stehfest’s algorithm. The approximate analytical solution for rotational velocity, and shear stress are presented. The influence of various parameters like fractional parameters, relaxation and retardation time parameters material constants, time and viscosity parameters are drawn numerically. It is found that the relaxation time and time helps the flow pattern, on the other hand other material constants resist the fluid rotation. Fractional parameters effect on fluid flow is opposite to each other. Finally, to check the validity of the solution there are comparisons for velocity field and shear stress for obtained results with an other numerical algorithm named Tzou’s algorithm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The UK Biobank imaging sub-sample as discussed by the authors showed consistent statistically significant 'healthy' bias compared with the full cohort, and the effect sizes were small to moderate based on Cohen's d/Cramer's V metrics (range = 0.02 to 0.21 for Townsend, the largest effect size).
Abstract: UK Biobank is a prospective cohort study of around half-a-million general population participants, recruited between 2006 and 2010, with baseline studies at recruitment and multiple assessments since. From 2014 to date, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been pursued in a participant sub-sample, with the aim to scan around n = 100k. This sub-sample is studied widely and therefore understanding its relative characteristics is important for future reports. We aimed to quantify psychological and physical health in the UK Biobank imaging sub-sample, compared with the rest of the cohort. We used t-tests and χ2 for continuous/categorical variables, respectively, to estimate average differences on a range of cognitive, mental and physical health phenotypes. We contrasted baseline values of participants who attended imaging (versus had not), and compared their values at the imaging visit versus baseline values of participants who were not scanned. We also tested the hypothesis that the associations of established risk factors with worse cognition would be underestimated in the (hypothesized) healthier imaging group compared with the full cohort. We tested these interactions using linear regression models. On a range of cognitive, mental health, cardiometabolic, inflammatory and neurological phenotypes, we found that 47 920 participants who were scanned by January 2021 showed consistent statistically significant 'healthy' bias compared with the ∼450 000 who were not scanned. These effect sizes were small to moderate based on Cohen's d/Cramer's V metrics (range = 0.02 to -0.21 for Townsend, the largest effect size). We found evidence of interaction, where stratified analysis demonstrated that associations of established cognitive risk factors were smaller in the imaging sub-sample compared with the full cohort. Of the ∼100 000 participants who ultimately will undergo MRI assessment within UK Biobank, the first ∼50 000 showed some 'healthy' bias on a range of metrics at baseline. Those differences largely remained at the subsequent (first) imaging visit, and we provide evidence that testing associations in the imaging sub-sample alone could lead to potential underestimation of exposure/outcome estimates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a transferable representation control model is proposed by incorporating two promising artificial intelligence technologies, adaptive neural fuzzy inference system and Gaussian process regression, where the former applies k-fold cross valudation to build a neural fuzzy system for real-time implementation of offline optimization result, and the later connects the Neural fuzzy system with a deeper architecture to transfer the offline optimization knowledge learnt at source domain to new target domains.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 2022-Energy
TL;DR: A deep reinforcement learning-based torque distribution strategy is proposed to guarantee the active safety and energy conservation in distributed drive electric vehicles and provides a foundation for the practical application of intelligent safety control algorithms in future vehicles.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the Burgers fluid with a fractional derivatives model analyzed through a rotating annulus is presented, the governing partial differential equation solved for velocity field and shear stress by using integral transformation method and using Bessel equations.
Abstract: Keeping in view of the complex fluid mechanics in bio-medicine and engineering, the Burgers’ fluid with a fractional derivatives model analyzed through a rotating annulus. The governing partial differential equation solved for velocity field and shear stress by using integral transformation method and using Bessel equations. The transformed equation inverted numerically by using Gaver-Stehfest’s algorithm. The approximate analytical solution for rotational velocity, and shear stress are presented. The influence of various parameters like fractional parameters, relaxation and retardation time parameters material constants, time and viscosity parameters are drawn numerically. It is found that the relaxation time and time helps the flow pattern, on the other hand other material constants resist the fluid rotation. Fractional parameters effect on fluid flow is opposite to each other. Finally, to check the validity of the solution there are comparisons for velocity field and shear stress for obtained results with an other numerical algorithm named Tzou’s algorithm.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the feasibility of predicting the 28-day strength of geopolymer concrete through mix proportions and pre-curing conditions by using three machine learning algorithms (backpropagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM)) was demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the feasibility of predicting the 28-day strength of geopolymer concrete through mix proportions and pre-curing conditions by using three machine learning algorithms (backpropagation neural network (BPNN), support vector machine (SVM), and extreme learning machine (ELM)) was demonstrated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors quantified the fitness effects of mutations over 12 years in older age using longitudinal sequencing and developed a filtering method that considers individual mutational context alongside mutation co-occurrence to quantify the growth potential of variants within individuals.
Abstract: Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) increases rapidly in prevalence beyond age 60 and has been associated with increased risk for malignancy, heart disease and ischemic stroke. CHIP is driven by somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Because mutations in HSPCs often drive leukemia, we hypothesized that HSPC fitness substantially contributes to transformation from CHIP to leukemia. HSPC fitness is defined as the proliferative advantage over cells carrying no or only neutral mutations. If mutations in different genes lead to distinct fitness advantages, this could enable patient stratification. We quantified the fitness effects of mutations over 12 years in older age using longitudinal sequencing and developed a filtering method that considers individual mutational context alongside mutation co-occurrence to quantify the growth potential of variants within individuals. We found that gene-specific fitness differences can outweigh inter-individual variation and, therefore, could form the basis for personalized clinical management.

Journal ArticleDOI
Deborah C. Good1, Philipp Stoellger, Marc Brosseau2, Thomas Nadelhoffer3, Dania Al-Jaroudi4, Priscila Maria Silva Oliveira5, Huajiong Lin, Tommasello, María Celeste6, Khaitan, Ayush, S. Sai Harsha7, Maria Rave-Schwank8, v4sucuj936, Qurbonov Ravshan Xushnazarovich, Suvonqulov Zarina Habibullo qizi9, L.J. Sedgwick, Мирсалихова Гузал Алаутдиновна, Selina Palm, Ниёзов Самандар Уктамович, Rachid HOUMAIDA10, R. Engelmann, Ismail Celik, Mohammed Sobhi, Muradova Railya Rustamovna11, Roger Sie-Maen Chong, Muhammad Kashif, Kathleen Alcalá12, Giri Narasimhan, K. Kanimozhi, Barbara Pytka13, Thales Peixoto14, L.F. Nascimento5, Badalova Oliya15, V. Ramakrishnan16, Tanya Ganeva17, Deyuan Li18, José Gabriel Palma, Cover Jurnal16, S. Nikil5, Valentin Sergeevich Khokhlachev19, Milan Ristović, Zhen Yang20, Chanika Pungpian21, Alamat Florist22, Joachim Lentes20, Danielle Clarke, Sofiane Saad Laribi, Normuradova Dilshoda Alisherovna23, Rhiannon Easterbrook24, Duke Lemur Center Museum of Natural History8, Anthony Pena Orellana25, Amphilochios Papathomas, Antonio Auffinger, Roger Smith26, Allison Youngblood, S. N. Dedysh, Stephanie N. Moore-Lotridge, Fei Wang27, Xiaoyan Su, Henk Overbeek, Aloysia Rousseau28, Jason König, Wolfgang Leidhold29, Lihong Jiang, Mustafa S. Kadhm, Remo Siza, Amalia Nugraha Fisabilila30, Vanda Maria Falcão Espada Lopes de Andrade8, Alejandra Ulla Lorenzo, Sidsel Mathiesen, V Reinke31, Renata Ferreira Magalhães, Kseniia Marcq, Kyriaki Fotiou32, Jennifer Brown, Jennifer Paulhus, Jonathan W Friedberg8, Monica Nagalla, John Paul Tharakan, Daniel Spinoso Prado, Bakuradze, Malkhaz, Ahmet ÇAPARLAR33, Andrea D'Aviero34, David Scott, G. E. Karlybaeva, G. A. Seytimbetova35, Maysam Kadhim Kashkool, Carlos Fuentes2, Karl Brunner36, Prof. Rajesh Bothra37, Antonio Pérez Martín, M. M. Bulgacheva, Héloïse Nez, Dana Edell, Le Thi Kieu Sang16, Zibby Merritt, teodorykaxdar331, Susan K. Foley38, Dung Nguyen, Grégory Tosti, Giuseppe Spaltro, 500-285 Dumps PDF, Güven Güney5, Pradip Phanjoubam39, Priscila Bezerra de Souza5, Komal C. Shrivastava5, Nisha Paneru40, Maria José Paes Roque Pinto, kariongwdm, Yahir Alexander Bobadilla Castro, Temirov Shoxruxjon Poʻlatxoʻja oʻgʻli41, Steven K. Malin, Wolfgang Ebeling, Mohamed A. Habila5, Muziwandile Qiniso Luthuli42, Zhongxin Tan43, Melanie Koch44, Gaspar Bruner-Montero45, Haneefah Shuaibe-Peters46, Masaki Sato 
TL;DR: In this paper , the frequency and frequency time-derivative of the gravitational wave signals from 18 pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3) was investigated.
Abstract: Isolated neutron stars that are asymmetric with respect to their spin axis are possible sources of detectable continuous gravitational waves. This paper presents a fully-coherent search for such signals from eighteen pulsars in data from LIGO and Virgo's third observing run (O3). For known pulsars, efficient and sensitive matched-filter searches can be carried out if one assumes the gravitational radiation is phase-locked to the electromagnetic emission. In the search presented here, we relax this assumption and allow the frequency and frequency time-derivative of the gravitational waves to vary in a small range around those inferred from electromagnetic observations. We find no evidence for continuous gravitational waves, and set upper limits on the strain amplitude for each target. These limits are more constraining for seven of the targets than the spin-down limit defined by ascribing all rotational energy loss to gravitational radiation. In an additional search we look in O3 data for long-duration (hours-months) transient gravitational waves in the aftermath of pulsar glitches for six targets with a total of nine glitches. We report two marginal outliers from this search, but find no clear evidence for such emission either. The resulting duration-dependent strain upper limits do not surpass indirect energy constraints for any of these targets.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Bogena et al. as discussed by the authors presented soil moisture data from 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) in Europe (COSMOS-Europe for short) covering recent drought events.
Abstract: Abstract. Climate change increases the occurrence and severity of droughts due to increasing temperatures, altered circulation patterns, and reduced snow occurrence. While Europe has suffered from drought events in the last decade unlike ever seen since the beginning of weather recordings, harmonized long-term datasets across the continent are needed to monitor change and support predictions. Here we present soil moisture data from 66 cosmic-ray neutron sensors (CRNSs) in Europe (COSMOS-Europe for short) covering recent drought events. The CRNS sites are distributed across Europe and cover all major land use types and climate zones in Europe. The raw neutron count data from the CRNS stations were provided by 24 research institutions and processed using state-of-the-art methods. The harmonized processing included correction of the raw neutron counts and a harmonized methodology for the conversion into soil moisture based on available in situ information. In addition, the uncertainty estimate is provided with the dataset, information that is particularly useful for remote sensing and modeling applications. This paper presents the current spatiotemporal coverage of CRNS stations in Europe and describes the protocols for data processing from raw measurements to consistent soil moisture products. The data of the presented COSMOS-Europe network open up a manifold of potential applications for environmental research, such as remote sensing data validation, trend analysis, or model assimilation. The dataset could be of particular importance for the analysis of extreme climatic events at the continental scale. Due its timely relevance in the scope of climate change in the recent years, we demonstrate this potential application with a brief analysis on the spatiotemporal soil moisture variability. The dataset, entitled “Dataset of COSMOS-Europe: A European network of Cosmic-Ray Neutron Soil Moisture Sensors”, is shared via Forschungszentrum Jülich: https://doi.org/10.34731/x9s3-kr48 (Bogena and Ney, 2021).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from O2.
Abstract: We present a targeted search for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) from 236 pulsars using data from the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo (O3) combined with data from the second observing run (O2). Searches were for emission from the $l=m=2$ mass quadrupole mode with a frequency at only twice the pulsar rotation frequency (single harmonic) and the $l=2, m=1,2$ modes with a frequency of both once and twice the rotation frequency (dual harmonic). No evidence of GWs was found so we present 95\% credible upper limits on the strain amplitudes $h_0$ for the single harmonic search along with limits on the pulsars' mass quadrupole moments $Q_{22}$ and ellipticities $\varepsilon$. Of the pulsars studied, 23 have strain amplitudes that are lower than the limits calculated from their electromagnetically measured spin-down rates. These pulsars include the millisecond pulsars J0437\textminus4715 and J0711\textminus6830 which have spin-down ratios of 0.87 and 0.57 respectively. For nine pulsars, their spin-down limits have been surpassed for the first time. For the Crab and Vela pulsars our limits are factors of $\sim 100$ and $\sim 20$ more constraining than their spin-down limits, respectively. For the dual harmonic searches, new limits are placed on the strain amplitudes $C_{21}$ and $C_{22}$. For 23 pulsars we also present limits on the emission amplitude assuming dipole radiation as predicted by Brans-Dicke theory.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the doping of MNPs can significantly reduce the degradation of SFC and thus provide an innovative perspective of multifunctional biocomposites for tissue engineering.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examined characteristics and outcomes of participants with diabetes or pre-diabetes in PARAGON-HF, and found that patients with prediabetes had worse outcomes than those not, and those with "lean diabetes" had similar mortality rates to those with higher body mass index, but lower rates of HFH.
Abstract: There is an association between heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and insulin resistance, but less is known about the diabetic continuum, and in particular about pre-diabetes, in HFpEF. We examined characteristics and outcomes of participants with diabetes or pre-diabetes in PARAGON-HF.Patients aged ≥50 years with left ventricular ejection fraction ≥45%, structural heart disease and elevated N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were eligible. Patients were classified according to glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): (i) normal HbA1c, <6.0%; (ii) pre-diabetes, 6.0%-6.4%; (iii) diabetes, ≥6.5% or history of diabetes. The primary outcome was a composite of cardiovascular (CV) death and total heart failure hospitalizations (HFH). Of 4796 patients, 50% had diabetes and 18% had pre-diabetes. Compared to patients with normal HbA1c, patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes more often were obese, had a history of myocardial infarction and had lower Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire scores, while patients with diabetes had more clinical evidence of congestion, but similar NT-proBNP concentrations. The risks of the primary composite outcome (rate ratio [RR] 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35-1.88), total HFH (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.39-2.02) and CV death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.35, 95% CI 1.07-1.71) were higher among patients with diabetes, compared to those with normal HbA1c. Patients with pre-diabetes had a higher risk (which was intermediate between that of patients with diabetes and those with normal HbA1c) of the primary outcome (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.00-1.60) and HFH (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.03-1.77), but not of CV death (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.75-1.40). Patients with diabetes treated with insulin had worse outcomes than those not, and those with 'lean diabetes' had similar mortality rates to those with a higher body mass index, but lower rates of HFH.Pre-diabetes is common in patients with HFpEF and is associated with worse clinical status and greater risk of HFH.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT01920711.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Using a case study of one Scottish city, Dundee, the authors addresses some of the tensions involved in the use of the concept of "de-industrialization" in the UK.
Abstract: Using a case study of one Scottish city, Dundee, this article addresses some of the tensions involved in the use of the concept of ‘de-industrialization’. Widely used to try to understand economic ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article , the effect of enalapril/valsartan on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmia in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was investigated.
Abstract: Sudden death is a leading cause of mortality in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). In PARADIGM-HF, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of sudden death. The purpose of this post hoc study was to analyse the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, compared to enalapril, on the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias.Adverse event reports related to ventricular arrhythmias were examined in PARADIGM-HF. The effect of randomized treatment on two arrhythmia outcomes was analysed: ventricular arrhythmias and the composite of a ventricular arrhythmia, implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shock or resuscitated cardiac arrest. The risk of death related to a ventricular arrhythmia was examined in time-updated models. The interaction between heart failure aetiology, or baseline ICD/cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) use, and the effect of sacubitril/valsartan was analysed. Of the 8399 participants, 333 (4.0%) reported a ventricular arrhythmia and 372 (4.4%) the composite arrhythmia outcome. Ventricular arrhythmias were associated with higher mortality. Compared with enalapril, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of a ventricular arrhythmia (hazard ratio [HR] 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.62-0.95; p = 0.015) and the composite arrhythmia outcome (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.65-0.97; p = 0.025). The treatment effect was maintained after adjustment and accounting for the competing risk of death. Baseline ICD/CRT-D use did not modify the effect of sacubitril/valsartan, but aetiology did: HR in patients with an ischaemic aetiology 0.93 (95% CI 0.71-1.21) versus 0.53 (95% CI 0.37-0.78) in those without an ischaemic aetiology (p for interaction = 0.020).Sacubitril/valsartan reduced the incidence of investigator-reported ventricular arrhythmias in patients with HFrEF. This effect may have been greater in patients with a non-ischaemic aetiology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors employed the Fe2O3/Al 2O3 pellets as OCs with introducing the fully reduced same pellets as a catalyst in a bubbling fluidized-bed reactor to eliminate the inhibition effect of CO2 during CH4-CLR.