Showing papers by "University of Gothenburg published in 1972"
TL;DR: The precision of the method expressed as relative standard deviation of duplicate analyses was 2–5%, and the recovery of carnitine added to plasma or to perchloric acid extracts of muscle was 97 ± 12.5% and 103 ± 5.9%, respectively.
443 citations
TL;DR: In cats anesthetized with chloralose the lengths and diameters of the different vascular segments in the tenuissimus muscle were measured in the vital microscope and the flow characteristics, including red cell velocity, were registered.
Abstract: In cats anesthetized with chloralose the lengths and diameters of the different vascular segments in the tenuissimus muscle were measured in the vital microscope. The flow characteristics, including red cell velocity, were registered. Fixed and stained muscle specimens were analyzed histologically as well as Indian ink-perfused muscles treated according to the method of Spalteholz. The average muscle fibre diameter was 44 μm. 62% of the muscle fibres were red (48% B-fibres, diameter 41 μm and 14% C-fibres, diameter 26 μm) and the remaining 38% were white (A-fibres, diameter 55 μm). The average muscle fibre was surrounded by 3.6 capillaries. The capillaries were 1015 ± 16.3 (S.E.) μm long and 5.3 ± 0.0(3) (S.E.) μm in internal diameter. The calculated capillary surface area was 0.9 m2/100 cm3 of muscle tissue. Average red cell velocity in the capillaries was found to be 0.5 mm/s, but there was a wide variation with time and between different capillaries. Neither “spontaneous” changes in internal diameters of the microvessels nor a distinct precapillary sphincter activity could be observed. Arterio-venous anastomoses within the muscle tissue were rare exceptions.
204 citations
TL;DR: The mean cell sizes of specimens of human adipose tissue were determined on sectioned slices according to the method described by Sjöström et al. and on adipocytes isolated after treatment of the tissue with collagenase and there was no indication of an increased rupture of isolated largehuman adipose cells.
189 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the main features of glyceride crystallization are discussed on the basis of earlier known crystal structures and new results, particularly on their structure in the liquid state, are presented, which enables to predict whether a particular crystal form of a mixed triglyceride exists.
Abstract: The main features of glyceride crystallization are discussed on the basis of earlier known crystal structures of glycerides and the new results, particularly on their structure in the liquid state. An analysis of the methyl end group packing is presented, which enables to predict whether a particular crystal form of a mixed triglyceride exists. It is also demonstrated, how these basic informations can be used in order to obtain the molecular conformation from powder data, and this is illustrated in the case of a 2-oleo-disaturated glyceride.
Molekulare Anordnung der Glyceride
An Hand der fruheren Erkenntnisse uber die Kristallstruktur der Glyceride sowie der neueren Ergebnisse, insbesondere hinsichtlich ihrer Struktur im flussigen Zustand, werden die Hauptmerkmale der Kristallisation von Glyceriden diskutiert. Die beschriebene Analyse der Packung der Methyl-Endgruppe ermoglicht es, vorauszusagen, ob eine bestimmte Kristallform eines gemischten Triglycerids vorliegt. Es wird auch dargestellt, inwiefern diese Grundkenntnisse zur Ermittlung der molekularen Anordnung aus den Daten der Pulver-Diagramme eingesetzt werden konnen; als Beispiel wurde ein 2-Oleo-digesattigtes Glycerid gewahlt.
173 citations
TL;DR: Middle-aged randomly selected men and women examined previously had a larger amount of body fat than the young men andWomen examined in the present investigation, which was due to a larger mean fat cell size in the middle-aged populations, while there was no difference in total fat cell number.
Abstract: Body cell mass, body fat, and total number of fat cells were determined in young men and women. In addition, regional determinations of adipose tissue thickness, fat cell size, and fat cell number were also performed. The individuals studied were 11 male and 12 female medical students with a mean age of 22 yr. In order to avoid deviations from ideal body weights, the individuals were preselected by using anthropometric standards. The women had more body fat than the men, which was due to an increase in the total number of fat cells. Mean fat cell size did not differ significantly between sexes. The women had greater adipose tissue thickness than the men, which was primarily due to an increase in local fat cell number in all regions investigated (epigastric, hypogastric, femoral, and gluteal) except in the gluteal region, where the difference was mainly explained by larger fat cells in women. When expressed in per cent of maximum values, the intrasexual patterns of adipose tissue thickness and local fat cell number in different regions were similar in men and women, while the pattern concerning fat cell size was slightly different between the sexes. There were no differences between sexes in cholesterol, triglyceride, fasting blood sugar, or fasting insulin values. Middle-aged randomly selected men and women examined previously had a larger amount of body fat than the young men and women, respectively, examined in the present investigation. This difference in body fat with age was due to a larger mean fat cell size in the middle-aged populations, while there was no difference in total fat cell number.
155 citations
TL;DR: A preventive trial aiming at treatment of the risk factors hypertension, raised serum cholesterol, smoking, and, to some degree, low physical activity is described, which comprises all men in the city born in 1915–1925.
141 citations
TL;DR: The reliability of the measurements was tested and the results obtained in both groups indicated that the discriminating capacity was not affected by the disorder.
Abstract: The aim of the investigation was to study isometric biting forces at ‘maximal’ as well as at submaximal levels as defined in subjective terms. Special attention was paid to differences between subjects with and without manifest mandibular pain dysfunction syndrome (MPD). Thirty-one female subjects with manifest MPD constituted the patient group and 30 healthy females the control group. The reliability of the measurements was tested and the results obtained in both groups indicated that the discriminating capacity was not affected by the disorder. Except for the lowest force level (approximating the absolute threshold), substantial force differences between the groups were obtained. These differences increased with the force levels, and the patients generally produced only one-half to two-thirds of the forces produced by the control subjects. No significant differences were found between forces produced on the right and left sides respectively in the control group, nor were such differences found in the pa...
140 citations
TL;DR: The results imply that the previously reported diminished responsiveness to insulin shown by large adipose cells is exerted only on the side of lipid accumulation, and it is suggested that the negative correlation between cell size and responsiveness to glucose in the medium may be one way to control adipose cell enlargement.
111 citations
TL;DR: The investigation underlined the importance of giving the patient information regarding the limitations of full dentures and information to facilitate the patient's adaptation to the new denture, advice on diet, including difficulties liable to be encountered in the use of an adequate allround diet.
Abstract: Fifty-four complete-denture wearers were interviewed one year after they had been fitted with the dentures. Their opinions and reactions were noted and the answers given to standard questions were analysed for inter-correlations and for correlations with findings in earlier series of clinical and roentgenological investigations. Most of the patients were satisfied with the fit, aesthetic effect of the denture and ability to chew and speak. Many of the patients reported oral parafunctions. Roughly every fourth patient used sedatives because they felt restless and nervous.The investigation underlined the importance of giving the patient information regarding the limitations of full dentures and information to facilitate the patient's adaptation to the new denture, advice on diet, including difficulties liable to be encountered in the use of an adequate allround diet. The investigation also showed the necessity of re-examination at regular intervals, as the patients were often unaware of changes impairing th...
104 citations
TL;DR: The most striking finding was the high frequency of non-functional side contact, which was found bilaterally in 8 per cent and unilaterally in 34 per cent of the children.
102 citations
TL;DR: It was concluded that larger fat cells are metabolically more active than smaller fat cells, and the increase ofglyceride‐glycerol labelling and of glycerol release from largerfat cells suggests an increased triglyceride turn‐over in these fat cells.
Abstract: . Fat cells of different sizes were isolated from the same sample of adipose tissue by collagenase treatment and fractionation by flotation in an isoosmolar medium. Protein, phospholipid and cholesterol increased with increasing fat cell size. Cholesterol correlated most closely with fat cell volume but phospholipid apparently with surface. Most of fat cell cholesterol was found in the triglyceride droplet, and only a smaller part in a particulate fraction from fat cells. Incorporation of labelled glucose into triglyceride increased with fat cell size, apparently in proportion to fat cell surface rather than diameter or volume. This was the case also with incorporation into fatty acids. The association between fat cell size and metabolism was present also in alloxan diabetic rats. Short term insulin deficiency thus does not abolish the increase of metabolic activity with fat cell size. Analyses of activities of selected glycolytic enzymes and of fatty acid synthesis from acetate in cell-free systems showed a similar dependence on fat cell size, demonstrating that isotope dilution phenomena in large and small fat cells are probably not responsible. — Lipolytic activity in the basal state and after epinephrine stimulation was increased in large fat cells, which also reesterified more fatty acids than small fat cells when calculated according to the balance method. — It was concluded that larger fat cells are metabolically more active than smaller fat cells. The increase of glyceride-glycerol labelling and of glycerol release from larger fat cells suggests an increased triglyceride turn-over in these fat cells. Large fat cells might thus be considered as an active metabolic sub-compartment of adipose tissue.
TL;DR: The occurrence of precancerous changes in a rectal biopsy seems to justify a prophylactic proctocolectomy in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and carcinoma, since these patients have a special risk of developing a colonic carcinoma.
Abstract: Sixty patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and carcinoma have been studied. The morphological features of the tumours and colonic mucosa were examined in 27 cases. The long-term outcome of the total material was estimated. The patient's age at which the carcinoma developed was low and the prognosis mostly unfavourable (5-year survival about 25%). The bad prognosis seems to be an expression of a specific tumour biology at that particular age rather than characteristic features of colitic carcinoma per se. since the histological features of the idiopathic colo-rectal carcinomas in patients at the same age arc very similar to the colitic carcinomas. Precancerous mucosal changes could be demonstrated in all cases except one. The occurrence of precancerous changes in a rectal biopsy seems to justify a prophylactic proctocolectomy, since these patients have a special risk of developing a colonic carcinoma.
TL;DR: Data from the wound chamber experiments revealed that the plaque filtrates tested do not markedly influence the permeability to plasmaproteins and water of granulation tissue vessels, and there is no increase in the amount of chemotactic factors/mg plaque with increasing age of the plaque.
Abstract: In the present investigation an in vivo method is described for studying the chemotactic activity elaborated by factors in human dental plaque. Plaque was sampled from the buccal and lingual surfaces of teeth from dental students, who had refrained from mechanical tooth cleansing during one 4 and one 8 day period. The plaque samples were suspended in 0.15 M NaCl, homogenized, and centrifuged at 12,100 × g for 30 minutes at 4°C. The plaque supernatant was then separated from the cellular pellet and sterile filtered through a 0.45 μ Millipore filter. The chemotactic activity elaborated by the filtrates was examined in (i) Boyden's in vitro chamber (ii) a wound chamber model described by Lundgren and Lindhe (1970). The results showed (i) that the wound chamber method is well suited for studying leukocyte chemotactic activity elaborated by dental plaque (ii) that factors in dental plaque stimulate the emigration mainly of neutrophils (iii) that there is no increase in the amount of chemotactic factors/mg plaque with increasing age of the plaque. Data from the wound chamber experiments further revealed that the plaque filtrates tested do not markedly influence the permeability to plasmaproteins and water of granulation tissue vessels.
TL;DR: It is concluded that in the muscle studied, lacking morphologicallly distinct precapillary sphincters, variations in capillary blood flow and in the perfused capillary surface area are brought about by luminal changes of end-arterioles, to which white cell obstruction of microvessels may contribute.
Abstract: Eriksson, E. and B. Lisander. Changes in precapillary resistance in skeletal muscle vessels studied by intravital microscopy. Acta physiol. scand. 1972. 84. 295– 305.
The microcirculation of the cat's tenuissimus muscle was observed with particular regard to internal arterial diameters, linear flow rates and capillary flow distribution. Simultaneous recordings of systemic arterial blood pressure and blood flow in this and adjacent muscles were carried out. The effects of graded vasoconstrictor fibre stimulation or of intra-arterial vasodilator drug administration could be directly studied in this muscle region. Although causing a slight blood flow increase, acute sympathetic denervation was not followed by any sustained diameter increase in the microvessels studied. Morphologically clearcut precapillary sphincters were not observed and during “rest” the denervated precapillary vessels displayed a fairly steady tone. Nevertheless, capillary flow patterns changed perpetually. Capillary contents were stagnant and flow even reversed sometimes due to transient trapping of passing leucocytes. Maximal drug-induced dilations caused 50 % diameter increases in arteries of 15–100 μ, with smaller changes in larger ones. Intense vasoconstrictor fibre activation lowered flow 6–8 times and reduced diameters in arteries of 15–200 μ with a maximum at the 30 μ size, where closure could occur. Luminal reductions were absent in immediate precapillary sections. During stimulation a marked leucocytosis was observed in the microvessels. It is concluded that in the muscle studied, lacking morphologicallly distinct precapillary sphincters, variations in capillary blood flow and in the perfused capillary surface area are brought about by luminal changes of end-arterioles, to which white cell obstruction of microvessels may contribute. Further, the relative importance of the resistance of the different series-coupled sections may vary considerably with the regional tone. Sections responsible for changes in resistance and in capillary flow distribution are evidently not distinctly separated morphologically.
TL;DR: Binding studies show that both enzymes have two lysine sites and two ATP sites, but in contrast to this the valine:tRNA ligase contains only one polypeptide chain and has one site each for valine and ATP per enzyme molecule.
TL;DR: A 19-year-old woman presented with internal ophthalmoplegia, dryness of mouth, ileus, bladder paralysis and anhidrosis, and had an incomplete recovery in 28 months.
Abstract: A 19-year-old woman presented with internal ophthalmoplegia, dryness of mouth, ileus, bladder paralysis and anhidrosis. She had an incomplete recovery in 28 months. Clinical and pharmacological examination showed impairment of peripheral autonomic functions governed by cholinergic parasympathetic and sympathetic nerves, probably caused by an impaired synthesis or release of acetylcholine in post-ganglionary autonomic nerves. Electron microscopy revealed no abnormality of skin nerve fibres. The site of the lesion resembles that seen in some cases of botulism, but the protracted course of the present case is unique. Its etiology remains obscure.
TL;DR: When using an electrophysiological technique in 5 adult female cats the afferent input of the pelvic and pudendal nerves was found to be represented in one or more of the three dorsal sacral roots, but nut in the lowest lumbar or first coccygeal roots.
Abstract: When using an electrophysiological technique in 5 adult female cats the afferent input of the pelvic and pudendal nerves was found to be represented in one or more of the three dorsal sacral roots, but nut in the lowest lumbar or first coccygeal roots.In another series of 9 cats it was demonstrated that afferent stimulation of the transected pelvic or pudendal nerves resulted in a bladder response similar to that following efferent stimulation of the hypogastric nerves. This bladder reaction was a composite reflex response, the dominating feature of which was a bladder relaxation. The reflexes elicited by afferent stimulation of the pelvic or pudendal nerves were both found to be spinal reflexes with their afferent limbs passing the dorsal sacral roots and their efferent limbs in the hypogastric nerves. The reflex elicited by afferent pelvic nerve stimulation corresponds to Edvardsen's storage reflex. Reflex relaxation of the urinary bladder following afferent electrical stimulation of the pudendal nerve ...
TL;DR: The movements of the mandibular condyles in the sagittal plane and the inclination of the condyle path were studied with a roentgencephalometric method in children aged 7 and 10 years and in adults to find the condyles were situated more anteriorly and superiorly in maximal opening than in maximal protrusion.
Abstract: The movements of the mandibular condyles in the sagittal plane and the inclination of the condyle path were studied with a roentgencephalometric method in children aged 7 and 10 years and in adults. In both children and adults the condyles moved, on the average, forwards and downwards from intercuspal position to postural position. The inferior movement was positively correlated with the inclination of the condyle path recorded between intercuspal and 5 mm protruded positions. The anterior movement of the condyles to maximal protrusion was the same in all the age groups, but the movement to maximal opening was somewhat smaller in 7-year old children than in 10-year old children and adults. In all the age groups the condyles were situated more anteriorly and superiorly in maximal opening than in maximal protrusion. The inferior movements of the condyles from intercuspal position to protruded positions and to maximal opening increased as did the inclination of the condyle path with age. Neither in children ...
TL;DR: Nipponnemertes pulcher is redescribed on the basis of a large number of specimens, and the use of shape and structure of the different organ systems as taxonomic criteria for the species is tested.
Abstract: Berg, G. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Goteborg, Sweden.) Studies on Nipponnemertes Friedrich, 1968 (Nemertini, Hoplonemertini). I. Redescription of Nipponnemertes pulcher (Johnston, 1837) with special reference to intraspecific variation of the taxonomical characters. Zool. Scripta 1 (5): 211–225, 1972.—Nipponnemertes pulcher is redescribed on the basis of a large number of specimens, and the use of shape and structure of the different organ systems as taxonomic criteria for the species is tested. On the basis of this description the species is transferred to the genus Nipponnemertes Friedrich, 1968.
TL;DR: There was an adhesion of white cells to the venular walls and in later stages aggregates of red cells, platelets and white cells started to occlude most venules and capillaries leading to extensive “functional shunting” at the capillary level.
Abstract: With the tenuissimus muscle exposed for vital microscopy, the effects on macro- and micro-circulation of aortic compression and of arterial bleeding were studied in cats anesthetized with chloralose. In the first case, arterial pressure in the hindlimbs was kept at 50 mm Hg for 2 ½ h and in the latter, the animal was rapidly bled with 40% of its total volume, and then observed for up to 4 h. — During aortic compression arterioles of 25 μm internal diameter increased their dimensions with about 40% and arteries of 70 μm with about 15%. The diameters of the venules showed a slight decrease. Linear flow rates in the capillaries decreased but there was an even distribution of the blood flow. No formation of thrombi was seen. — At arterial bleeding all the vessels first reduced their diameters during 10—20 min. Then arterioles of 25 μm diameter dilated, while the diameters of the other vessels remained reduced. In average the cats survived for 2 ½ h. Within a few minutes after the bleeding there was an adhesion of white cells to the venular walls and in later stages aggregates of red cells, platelets and white cells started to occlude most venules and capillaries leading to extensive “functional shunting” at the capillary level.
TL;DR: The purpose of this investigation was to study the presence of acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, and protease in samples from crevices of healthy and chronically inflamed gingiva of dogs in relation to the existence of neutrophils in these crevice.
Abstract: Tissue destruction is a primary characteristic of periodontal disease. The destructive mechanisms have not been clarified, but hydrolytic enzymes from plaque bacteria and inflammatory cells have been suggested as possible mediators.'3 Neutrophilic polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils) are always present in gingival crevices, but more neutrophils are found in samples of chronically inflamed gingiva than in those of healthy gingiva.4 Acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, and protease are found in neutrophils,-8 and also are produced by plaque bacteria.5'9"l0 In samples from gingival crevices, activities of each of these enzymes have been observed,5'7"' but it is not known to what extent either plaque bacteria or neutrophils contributes to the enzyme milieu in the gingival crevice. The purpose of this investigation was to study the presence of acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, and protease in samples from crevices of healthy and chronically inflamed gingiva of dogs in relation to the presence of neutrophils in these crevices.
TL;DR: Gingivitis was induced by the accumulation of microbial plaques on the tooth surfaces in beagle dogs and the activity and the distribution of lactate and malate dehydrogenases as well as adenosinetriphosphatase in the gingival epithelium was related to the extent of inflammation as indicated by accumulation of inflammatory cells.
TL;DR: The statistical analysis did not show any differences in healing pattern between the three groups studied.
Abstract: – The healing of mechanically traumatized alveolar bone, periodontal membrane, cementum and dentin was studied in relation to the vitality of the tooth. Cavities were made in the vestibular root surfaces of 88 human teeth (44 vital teeth, 20 root-filled teeth and 24 nonvital not-root-filled teeth). The cavities were prepared at a distance from the gingival crevices to avoid contamination of the wound from microbial plaque during the healing process. At the end of the observation period (varying between 7 and 593 d) the teeth were removed together with vestibular bone and gingiva and examined histologically. The first sign of cementum formation was seen 23 d after surgery. When the observation period exceeded 40 d, areas of newly formed cellular cementum were noted on the dentin surfaces of most of the teeth. The statistical analysis did not show any differences in healing pattern between the three groups studied.
TL;DR: A review is given of the chemistry and analytical applications of dioxime complexes from metals.
TL;DR: In this paper, five different reagents for carbohydrates, anthrone, phenol, orcinol, N-ethylcarbazole and l -tryptophan have been tested for their possible use in automatic procedures for the determination of the total amount of dissolved carbohydrates in sea water utilizing the Autolab equipment.
TL;DR: The contention that the present case represents an inborn error of metabolism is supported as the findings could be consistent with a defect in the normal β-oxidation of fatty acids located at the acyl-CoA dehydrogenase step.
TL;DR: Tissue morphology, chemical components and enzyme activities were found to be retained well in specimens from human gingiva when stored in a cold solution of chlorhexidine, chosen for its antibacterial and protein “preserving” capacities.
Abstract: . Chlorhexidine solutions have been tested to determine their usefulness as media for the transport of biopsy specimens for diagnosis in order to facilitate the use of cold microtome sectioning and enzyme histochemical techniques in routine histopathological diagnostic practice. The drug was chosen for its antibacterial and protein “preserving” capacities. Tissue morphology, chemical components and enzyme activities were found to be retained well in specimens from human gingiva when stored in a cold solution, pH 7.2, containing 2.2 mM chlorhexidine gluconate, 0.19 M cacodylate buffer and 7.5 % polyvinylpyrrolidone. The procedure allowed reliable enzyme activity evaluations to be performed under the light microscope within 48 hours after excision of the tissues. Fresh frozen tissues served as controls. In an additional electron microscopic study, morphology of the cells was found to be reasonably well preserved after transport in the solution.
TL;DR: In an experimental study on 12 adult female cats, the dorsal sacral roots mediating the afferent inflow of the pelvic and pudendal nerves were transected and anastomoses were performed creating a non-physiological afferent pathway to the urinary bladder.
Abstract: In an experimental study on 12 adult female cats, the dorsal sacral roots mediating the afferent inflow of the pelvic and pudendal nerves were transected. In 4 animals, the S1 dorsal roots transected immediately distally to their ganglia were anastomosed with tubulation technique to the peripheral part of the transected S2 radicular nerves. In 5 animsals anastomoses were performed between the L7 dorsal roots and the S1 radicular nerves, thus creating a non-physiological afferent pathway to the urinary bladder. In 3 control animals all sacral dorsal roots were transected but no anastomoses were performed. The functional restitution of afferent fibers was assessed by the return of the micturition reflex and storage reflexes. The micturition reflex returned in the cystometrograms of 5 of 9 animlals with reconstructed dorsal roots after regeneration periods ranging between 8 and 11 months. The storage reflexes were present in approximately half of the animals with root anastomoses tested in final experiments ...