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Showing papers by "University of Gothenburg published in 1980"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A model for the optimal level of parental defence during a predator attack is derived and, as predicted, parent fieldfares increase their defence throughout the nest period and the observed decrease in parental defence after the hatching and scattering of a precocial brood of young is predicted.

319 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It was shown that the song of the male pied flycatcher is dependent upon androgens, and the testosterone treatment prolonged territorial behaviour, and a higher percentage of nests without a feeding male during the nestling period was found in the experimental area.

256 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The present investigation was designed to study the microbial flora of periodontal pockets and certain histopathological features of adjacent tissues from healthy and diseased sites in humans.
Abstract: The present investigation was designed to study the microbial flora of periodontal pockets and certain histopathological features of adjacent tissues from healthy and diseased sites in humans. Twenty-two individuals, aged 21 to 28 years, participated in the study. They were selected on the basis of advanced periodontal disease in at least 2 areas of the dentition where pockets could be probed to 8 mm or more and where 50% of the alveolar bone had been lost. In other areas of the dentition sites were found where no bone loss was discernible and where the gingiva was either “healthy” or showed signs of “established gingivitis.” In each patient six sites were selected; two sites with “advanced disease,” two sites with “established gingivitis” and two sites with “healthy gingiva.” From these sites bacterial samples were obtained and subjected to an examination by darkfield microscopy involving the identification of coccoid cells, straight, motile and curved rods, filaments, fusiforms and spirochetes. Biopsies...

203 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The study was carried out on 12 patients orthodontically treated with the edgewise technique in the upper jaw and the incidence and degree of root resorption, changes in marginal bone support and clinical crown length were compared with the corresponding findings in the untreated lower jaw.
Abstract: The study was carried out on 12 patients orthodontically treated with the edgewise technique in the upper jaw. The incidence and degree of root resorption, changes in marginal bone support and clinical crown length in the treated upper jaw were compared with the corresponding findings in the untreated lower jaw. Apical root resorption was found in 50% of the teeth in the upper jaw. In 88% of these teeth the resorption was less than 2 mm. A statistically significant reduction of the marginal bone was found for the upper jaw but not for the lower jaw. Large intra- and interindividual variations were observed. In only three patients was the reduction 0.3 mm or more. There was a significant increase in clinical crown length for the lower jaw, but not for the upper jaw. Variations were found from mean lengthening of 1.06 mm to shortening of 0.56 mm.

171 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Positive correlations were found between subjective symptoms of dysfunction and non-working side interference as well as single tooth contact on the working side and TMJ-sounds and muscle tenderness with interferences in the retruded position of the mandible.
Abstract: Subjective and clinical symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and cuspal interferences were studied in 389 Swedish men (median age 32 years). Impaired chewing function was noted in about 10%, different types of parafunction in 26%, frequent headaches in 5%, TMJ or muscle pain in 3% and difficulties in mouth opening in 10% of the men. Locking or luxation of the mandible was the most prevalent clinical symptom (24%), followed by reduced movement capacity and deviation on opening of the mandible, TMJ-sounds and muscle tenderness. Sixty per cent of the men had one or more clinical symptoms of dysfunction. Subjective symptoms of dysfunction were positively correlated with reduced movement capacity of the mandible and tenderness of the masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joints upon palpation. Positive correlations were found between subjective symptoms of dysfunction and non-working side interference as well as single tooth contact on the working side. Locking or luxation of the mandible and TMJ-sounds were positively correlated with single tooth contact on the working side and TMJ-sounds and muscle tenderness with interferences in the retruded position of the mandible.

135 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The studies showed that tetanus toxin has specific binding affinity for tetraose-gangliosides with a disialosyl group linked to the inner galactose.
Abstract: This paper describes the elaboration, using cholera toxin and GM ganglioside as a model system, of versatile, sensitive methods allowing simple determinations of the specific binding of protein ligands to polystyrene-adsorbed gangliosides, and, secondly, the application of these methods to the tentative identification of the receptor structure for tetanus toxin. The adsorption characteristics and the ligand-binding properties of the adsorbed gangliosides were determined, and the specificity and sensitivity of the various ligand-detection methods (radio-isotope; enzyme-linked antibody or water-vapour condensation) defined. The adsorption did not vary with the type of ganglioside and was found to be linearly proportional to the square root of the incubation concentration and to the log of the incubation time. No difference in adsorption was seen between temperatures of 4 to 37 deg;C. As analyzed with cholera toxin, the polystyrene-adsorbed ganglioside was structurally specific in binding; i.e. only GM1 was active while after hydrolysis by Vibrio cholerae sialidase also GD1a, GD1b and GT1b, for example, had the same activity as GM1. The affinity of cholera toxin for polystyrene-adsorbed GM1 was similar to that for viable cells (Ka= 1.2 nM−1). Tetanus toxin was found to bind specifically to gangliosides of the G1b series (GD1b, GT1b and GQ1b) and though with less affinity, also to GT1a, GM1, GD1a and GD3. The binding affinity of tetanus toxin for the G1b gangliosides was less than that of cholera toxin for GM1. The studies showed that tetanus toxin has specific binding affinity for tetraose-gangliosides with a disialosyl group linked to the inner galactose. It is conceivable that the natural binding structure for the tetanus toxin has the end sequence Galβ1 3Ga1NAcβ1 4Ga1(2 8αNeuAc2 3αNeuAc) which occurs in the ganglioside G1b series and possibly also in the oligosaccharide chains of certain cell membrane glycoproteins.

132 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that 3- methyladenine-DNA glycosylase is responsible for the rapid removal of 3-methyladenine from the DNA of E. coli cells treated with monofunctional alkylating agents.

129 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Stool samples from approximately 2,550 patients with gastrointestinal infections were cultured for bacterial pathogens between January 1978 and September 1979, and 277 campylobacter (10.9%), 183 salmonella, 89 shigella, and 17 yersinia infections were identified.
Abstract: Stool samples from approximately 2,550 patients with gastrointestinal infections were cultured for bacterial pathogens between January 1978 and September 1979, and 277 campylobacter (10.9%), 183 salmonella, 89 shigella, and 17 yersinia infections were identified. Campylobacter was found in all age groups, with the majority in the age group of 20-34 years. Most cases of campylobacter diarrhea were isolated during summer or late fall. After five weeks, 90% of the patients had no Campylobacter in their stools. The incubation time was estimated to be one to six days. Campylobacter gastroenteritis, even more common than salmonella gastroenteritis, was in general not regarded as a serious disease, despite the fact that most patients had marked symptoms. Almost all patients recovered without antibiotic treatment, although in some cases the disease was long-lasting, and 50 of the 277 patients required hospitalization. Thus, Campylobacter must be considered in the diagnosis of patients with diarrhea.

119 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The resulting data and observations implied that onset and maintenance of this periodontitis lesion depend on subgingival ulceration, rapid bone desstruction is the result of osteoclast activity stimulated by acute inflammation, and bone degradation occurs independently of the loss of collagen fiber attachment and the apical migration of the junctional epithelium.
Abstract: In order to analyze the conditions for rapidly destructive periodontitis and to describe the early histopathological changes and bone degradation, periodontitis lesions were produced in five male Beagle dogs, 8 to 12 months of age. Cotton floss ligatures were placed around the crowns of upper and lower third and fourth premolars for periods of 4, 7, 14, 21 days. The buccal gingival tissues, being slightly inflamed initially, were clinically scored for various symptoms of inflammation. Block biopsies of premorlars and the adjacent buccal periodontal tissues were taken and processed for light and electron microscopy. Depending on the ligature position in relation to the gingival margin (above, at, deep below) at the day of biopsy harvest, three groups of selected biopsies were formed, and randomly selected sections of these were used for various histometric measurements, for stereological estimation of the size and composition of the connective tissue infiltrate and the osteoclast density, and for general histopathological evaluation. The resulting data and observations implied that (1) onset and maintenance of this periodontitis lesion depend on subgingival ulceration, (2) rapid bone desstruction is the result of osteoclast activity stimulated by acute inflammation, and (3) bone degradation occurs independently of the loss of collagen fiber attachment and the apical migration of the junctional epithelium.

116 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The findings in this case showed that several, possibly many, karyotypic evolutionary pathways exist in pleomorphic adenomas, and in relation to the possible general significance of chromosome changes affecting Nos. 3 and 8.

114 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Proliferation of the display repertoire may be limited by restricted availability of behaviour patterns suitable for evolution into threat displays, where each display becomes less efficient for chasing away opponents as it becomes increasingly used as bluff.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The results indicate that care should be taken when evaluating changes in periodental probing measurements during longitudinal studies.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the periodontal probing depth in teeth exposed to periodontal treatment with teeth having received no treatment. In pockets deeper than 4 mm, a significant difference was found between the two groups. In the non-treated teeth, metal strips used for probing penetrated an average of 0.29 mm into the connective tissue apical to the junctional epithelium. The average probing depth for teeth exposed to scaling, root planing, curettage and chlorhexidine rinses for 1 month was 0.31 mm coronal of the connective tissue attachment within the junctional epithelium. The results indicate that care should be taken when evaluating changes in periodental probing measurements during longitudinal studies.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The relation between malocclusion, symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and cuspal interferences was studied in 389 men aged 21–54 years and suggest a multifactorial aetiology ofmandibular pain and dysfunction.
Abstract: The relation between malocclusion, symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and cuspal interferences was studied in 389 men aged 21–54 years. Angle class III malocclusion, mandibular overjet, maxillary crowding and anterior open bite were positively correlated to symptoms of mandibular dysfunction and cuspal interferences. Crossbite was found to be related to mandibular dysfunction only when general factors were kept constant. There was no difference in influence between uni- and bilateral crossbite. The results also suggest a multifactorial aetiology of mandibular pain and dysfunction.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The prevalence of mental diseases and abnormalities in a representative, systematic sample of 70‐year‐olds in Gothenburg, Sweden, is presented and the responders and non‐responders were similar in several respects.
Abstract: The prevelance of mental diseases and abnormalities in a representative, systematic sample of 70-year-olds in Gothenburg, Sweden, is presented. Out of 460 selected subjects, 392 (85.2%) took part and the responders and non-responders were similar in several respects. A case was defined by cut-off points on symptom and/or sign rating scales and diagnoses were defined operationally but as closely as possible to the ICD-classification. The total psychiatric morbidity, excluding personality deviations, was 16.9% in men and 26.1% in women, and excluding also mild neuroses 12.7% in men and 15.5% in women. The prevalence of psychoses was 3.0% in men and 3.5% in women, of neuroses of moderate-severe degree 6.6% in men and 11.5% in women, of neuroses of mild degree 4.2% in men and 10.6% in women, of alcoholism 3.0% in men and 0.0% in women and of oligophrenia 0.0% in men and 0.4% in women. The prevalence of demential syndromes of a psychotic degree was 2.4% in men and 1.3% in women, of a neurotic degree 4.2% in men and 1.8% in women and the total prevalence of demential syndromes was thus 6.6% in men and 3.1% in women. Indications of previous alcohol problems and no or a low current consumption of alcohol were noted among 18.1% of the men. Language: en

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Tidal interaction with fjord constrictions is discussed in this paper, where two typical cases are thoroughly analyzed: the first is the so called tidal choking problem where the effect of vertical stratification is insignificant.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a methodological problem with risk analysis and suggest procedures for rational decision-making concerning risky technology, which can contribute significantly to improve decision making but there are also several methodological problems.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1980
TL;DR: Stigebrandt et al. as discussed by the authors showed that just 5% of the energy released by the internal waves was needed to explain the observed mixing in the deep water in the inner Oslofjord.
Abstract: During the last few years it has become evident that the tides may provide the turbulence in at least some fjords with significant amounts of energy. Until recently it was not understood how the turbulence in the deep water below the sill level was sustained, see e.g. Gade (1970). Several possible energy sources for the turbulence in the deep water have been suggested. Among the suggested sources we may mention internal waves generated by the tides, winds and rivers flowing into the fjord. Quantitative estimates were, however, not undertaken before the present author (Stigebrandt, 1976) found that internal waves generated at fjord sills by tides possibly may sustain the turbulence. The calculation showed that just 5% of the energy released by the internal waves was needed to explain the observed mixing in the deep water in the inner Oslofjord. The present author has provided further observational evidence for the correctness of the theory (Stigebrandt, 1979a). The theory has obviously also been able to explain the mixing in the deep water in other fjords, see e.g. Perkin and Lewis (1978). The success of the theory has apparently led to an increased interest in tides in fjords in general and internal tides in particular.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A poly (dA, [2-14C]dT) copolymer has been synthesized using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase, and shows a strong preference for a double-stranded substrate, exhibits no cofactor requirement, and seems likely this DNA glycosylase is active in repair of X-ray-induced lesions.
Abstract: A poly (dA, [2-14C]dT) copolymer has been synthesized using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Treatment of the polydeoxyribonucleotide with potassium permanganate converts the thymine residues to urea and N-substituted urea derivatives, while the adenine residues are resistant to oxidation. This damaged polymer has been annealed with an equimolar amount of poly (dT) to generate a double-stranded polydeoxyribonucleotide containing scattered fragmented base residues, which are radioactively labeled selectively. On incubation of the latter with crude cell extracts from E. coli, free urea is released by a DNA glycosylase activity. The enzyme has been partly purified, and appears to be different from previously studied DNA glycosylase. It shows a strong preference for a double-stranded substrate, exhibits no cofactor requirement, and has a molecular weight of 20000 - 25000. Since fragmentation of pyrimidine residues is a major type of base lesion introduced in DNA by exposure to ionizing radiation, it seems likely this DNA glycosylase is active in repair of X-ray-induced lesions.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, hyperfine structure measurements have been performed in some neutron-deficient gold isotopes, using on-line atomic-beam magnetic resonance (ABMR) techniques at the ISOLDE facility, CERN.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that endocrine factors may be involved in the regulation of cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism in fish and the presence of multiple forms of cy tochromeP-450 in trout liver is indicated.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a primed response time task was used to test the hypothesis that judgments in risky decision making involve an anchoring and adjustment procedure in which the amount to be won in a gamble serves as the anchor and is reduced in accord with the probability of winning.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of the protein to sequester surface-mobile Ca(II) is discussed in terms of its ability to act as a possible nucleation site for the initial localization of Ca( II) within the dentine matrix.
Abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy have been used to quantify metal binding to the phosphoprotein extractable from demineralized rat incisor dentine. Paramagnetic cation probes enable identification of the metal binding sites. Cations are able to diffuse across the protein surface while forming a relatively long-lived metal-phosphoprotein complex. The ability of the protein to sequester surface-mobile Ca(II) is discussed in terms of its ability to act as a possible nucleation site for the initial localization of Ca(II) within the dentine matrix.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A subsample of 151 subjects from the population study “70‐year‐olds in Gothenburg” were given a questionnaire for life event ratings to be returned by mail, and it seems that events that cannot happen to yourself are seen as less important than events that can.
Abstract: A subsample of 151 subjects from the population study "70-year-olds in Gothenburg" were given a questionnaire for life event ratings to be returned by mail. The 24 life events to be rated were events that are fairly common in advanced age. The ratings were in most cases similar for men and women. Some events, pertaining to children, were given more weight by the women, while "loss of sexual ability or interest" was given greater weight by the men. Single women gave less weight to events that could not happen to them. It thus seems that events that cannot happen to yourself are seen as less important than events that can. Married women who had never worked outside their homes attributed more weight to some events than married women who had worked outside their homes. Men and women attributed similar weight to the event "becoming mentally ill", which event was given more weight than the event "becoming somatically ill". The results do not explain the higher incidence of neurosis among the women in the population.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High enzymatic activity in the epithelial cells as concerns both the oxidative metabolism and the secretory function was found in patients provided with a continent ileostomy reservoir 6--10 years before the investigation.
Abstract: Morphological and histochemical changes in the mucosa of the continent ileostomy reservoir were studied in 13 patients who had been provided with a continent ileostomy reservoir 6–10 years before the investigation. Biopsy specimens were taken for evaluation of basal morphology, morphometry, and enzyme histochemical analyses. The villi were predominantly finger-like, but the villus height was reduced compared with normal. The crypt layer and the number of cells in each crypt were increased. The number of mitoses was normal or slightly subnormal. In comparison with biopsies taken 1 year after construction of the reservoir, there was an increase in villus height and mucosal volume and a decrease in the number of mitoses, whereas the number of cells per crypt was unchanged. The surface to volume ratio decreased progressively during the 6- to 10-year period. This decrease was partly caused by an increase of the mucosal volume. The epithelial cell layer was intact, and no changes were seen in the microvillus la...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A titanium chamber enabling vital microscopic studies of bone tissue in situ was installed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits and it was revealed that the circulation was mainly regained via ingrowth of newly developed vessels of host origin, starting at 5--8 days after grafting.
Abstract: A titanium chamber enabling vital microscopic studies of bone tissue in situ was installed in the tibiae of 10 rabbits. Using a gentle surgical technique the chamber and surrounding bone were cut in bloc, twisted 360 degrees and reinserted into the same donor bed. Vital microscopy of these orthotopical bone grafts revealed that the circulation was mainly regained via ingrowth of newly developed vessels of host origin, starting at 5--8 days after grafting. Bone remodelling was observed at 3 weeks post grafting in these cases. In two grafts, however, an additional mode of blood flow recovery was seen. Here vessels of more than 30 microns width, registered before grafting, apparently were functioning also afterwards, indicating end-to-end anastomoses between host and pre-existing graft vessels. In these two grafts bone remodelling started as early as 1 week after transplantation.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, social survey studies to assess the presence of general annoyance and activity disturbances were made in 38 areas around 9 airports and the noise exposure was expressed as the number of overflights/24 hours and the dB(A) level from the noisiest aircraft type.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Three chlorhexidine-sensitive strains of Streptococcus sanguis developed resistance to chlor hexidine when grown as continuous cultures in a fermenter containing medium with increasing concentrations of the drug, proving that resistance to this drug is an inheritable trait.
Abstract: – Three chlorhexidine-sensitive strains of Streptococcus sanguis developed resistance to chlorhexidine when grown as continuous cultures in a fermenter containing medium with increasing concentrations of the drug. The MIC of the test strains increased by between two and three dilution steps and these high values were maintained after daily transfer in drug-free medium for at least 15 d. In addition, the resistance of one of the strains persisted for more than 1 month of continuous growth in drug-free medium in the fermenter. DNA from the resistant (Chx1) variants of the three strains transformed competent sensitive S. sanguis to increased chlorhexidine resistance, thus proving that resistance to this drug is an inheritable trait. Immunoelectrophoretic experiments showed that certain changes in the antigenic pattern of the Chx1 variants had occurred as compared with their sensitive wild-type strains. Antigen extracts of the Chx1 variants and all Chx1 recombinants tested contained consistently less protein than those of the sensitive wild-types.