Showing papers by "University of Gothenburg published in 1985"
TL;DR: The two types of alcoholism were clinically clearly identifiable and separable by means of the biological marker platelet MAO activity, and seems to be of value in future studies concerning the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of alcoholism.
Abstract: – In the Stockholm Adoption Study, two types of alcoholism, “Type I” and “Type II”, have been identified on the basis of genetic predisposition. In the present study, this classification has been applied to a clinical sample. The two types of alcoholism were clinically clearly identifiable. Type I alcoholism was characterized by late onset and few social complications. Type II alcoholism was characterized by early onset, use and abuse not only of alcohol, but also of glue, cannabis, amphetamine and opioids, together with several social complications. The subjects with Type II alcoholism had also more alcoholism and depression among their first-degree relatives than the subjects with Type I alcoholism. Furthermore, the two types of alcoholism were separable by means of the biological marker - platelet MAO activity. While platelet MAO activity was normal in Type I alcoholics, as compared with healthy controls, it was clearly low in the Type II alcoholics. This subclassification of alcoholism seems to be of value in future studies concerning the etiology, epidemiology and treatment of alcoholism.
303 citations
TL;DR: In the absence of discriminatory laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis of the Rett syndrome, the authors have tried to give as precise clinical criteria as possible for use particularly for research purposes.
Abstract: In the absence of discriminatory laboratory tests for accurate diagnosis of the Rett syndrome, the authors have tried to give as precise clinical criteria as possible for use particularly for research purposes.
264 citations
TL;DR: The present results demonstrate that, following the primary insult, this damage evolves relatively rapidly within the first 4–12 h, and there is no evidence that additional necrotic neurons are recruited after longer recovery periods.
Abstract: In the course of a study on the pathogenesis of neuronal necrosis in severe hypoglycemia, the morphological characteristics reflecting reversible and irreversible neuronal lesions were examined as a function of time following normalization of blood glucose. To that end, closely spaced time intervals were studied in the rat cerebral cortex before, during, and up to 1 year after standardized pure hypoglycemic insults of 30 and 60 min of cerebral isoelectricity.
252 citations
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that recurring pulp inflammation observed after 1 & 2 year direct pulp capping, is associated with bacterial contamination.
Abstract: Four adult Rhesus monkeys provided 120 teeth for buccal Class V cavities. Twenty-nine were non-exposed controls and 91 were exposed for 3 intervals. All 120 teeth were capped with a hard set Ca(OH)2 medicament, restored with amalgam, 57 evaluated after 1 year and 63 after 2 years. Of the 91 exposed pulps, 45 showed complete healing, 25 showed pulpal inflammation varying from acute to chronic, 12 showed severe pulpal breakdown and abscess formation and 9 were necrotic. No difference was observed in the healing response between the 3 exposure times. New hard tissue formed at, or subjacent to, the medicament in 77 of 91 exposed pulps with a tunnel defect frequently present, running from the medicament interface to the pulp. This study demonstrates that recurring pulp inflammation observed after 1 & 2 year direct pulp capping, is associated with bacterial contamination.
210 citations
TL;DR: Investigating the effect of breeding density on the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles and on the number and " quality" of their offspring suggests that density-induced variation of beetle "quality" might be of importance in the population dynamics of bark beetles.
Abstract: In the laboratory we investigated the effect of breeding density on the reemergence of parent spruce bark beetles, Ips typographus (L.), and on the number and "quality" of their offspring. The parents reemerged sooner at higher densities but the total proportion that reemerged was independent of density. More than 20 offspring per female were produced at the lowest density (0.5 99 /100 cm2)but only 0.6 per female at the highest density (31 99/100 cm2). The offspring from the lowest density were about 50% heavier than those from the highest density and also the fat content (%) increased with decreasing density. Females weighed less and contained less fat than males. Male offspring from lower densities produced larger amounts of the pheromone components cis-verbenol and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol than males from the higher densities. Offspring from the highest density produced about half as many progeny as those from the lowest densities, showing an effect of density acting over more than one generation. These findings suggest that density-induced variation of beetle "quality" might be of importance in the population dynamics of bark beetles.
199 citations
TL;DR: The effect of leavening of bread containing bran on the phytic acid content and on zinc absorption in man was studied in this paper, where twenty breads with leavened times varying from 0 to 120 h were prepared.
Abstract: The effect of leavening of bread containing bran on the phytic acid content and on zinc absorption in man was studied. Twenty breads with leavening times varying from 0 to 120 h were prepared. The breads contained 250 g wheat bran/kg flour. The phytic acid content was determined after baking. The phytic acid content of bread containing bran was reduced to about 40% after 2 h of leavening and to 15% after 2 d. No further decrease was observed. Zn absorption from single meals was determined using a radioisotope technique. Forty-two students volunteered for these studies. They were served a breakfast of milk, butter, bread and 10, 16 or 30 g bran served either raw or baked into the bread with fermentation times of 15 min, 45 min, 3 h or 16 h. One meal contained no bran, but phytate and Zn were added in amounts equivalent to the content of 10 g bran. The amount and percentage of Zn absorbed increased at each bran level as fermentation was prolonged. The percentage of Zn absorbed was reduced by increased bran content in the meal. It is concluded that the fermentation of bread containing bran reduces the phytic acid content and increases Zn absorption from such bread. This may be of importance to people subjected to diets with a high cereal content, especially in combination with a low animal-protein intake.
198 citations
TL;DR: A thin layer of titanium or zirconium was evaporated onto the surface of a plastic implant which was then inserted in the rabbit tibial metaphysis for six months and collagen filaments were seen and, at approximately 1000 A from the interface, collagen bundles were seen.
179 citations
TL;DR: It is proposed that imprinting of the GH secretory pattern contributes to the influence of neonatal testicular androgens on body growth and hepatic steroid-metabolizing enzymes.
Abstract: The influence of endogenous sex steroids and exogenous testosterone treatment on pulsatile GH secretion, body weight, longitudinal bone growth, and hepatic steroid metabolism was studied in male and female adult rats. Blood samples were obtained from the tip of the tail, and maximum and minimum GH levels were determined in individual rats to evaluate pulse heights and baseline levels. Longitudinal bone growth was measured using the intravital marker tetracycline, and hepatic steroid metabolism was evaluated by determining the enzyme activities of 16α-hydroxylase and 5α-reductase. Neonatal, but not prepubertal, gonadectomy of male rats suppressed maximum and mean plasma GH levels during adult life. The body weight and the rate of longitudinal bone growth were also decreased. Testosterone treatment neonatally reversed all of these effects. Neonatal gonadectomy of male rats also caused an elevation of minimum plasma GH levels, an effect, however, which was not reversed by testosterone replacement during neon...
178 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the relevance of sky view factor analysis in urban canyons to thermal features of the surface and air in the urban canopy layer at night, showing that the street geometry and its regional distribution within the city area plays a fundamental role in generating the street surface temperature pattern of the city, its surface heat island.
Abstract: The paper demonstrates the relevance of sky view factor analysis in urban canyons to thermal features of the surface and air in the urban canopy layer at night. The result of the study, made in the city of Malmo (population about 230,000) in southern Sweden, indicates, among other things, that the street geometry and its regional distribution within the city area plays a fundamental role in generating the street surface temperature pattern of the city, its 'surface heat island, The paper also demonstrates a digital image processing technique of determining the sky view factor from fish-eye lens photographs.
175 citations
TL;DR: A statistically significant difference in mean film thickness was found between the two series of crowns with the best fit in the Oslo-series, and in both series the mean film Thickness was about 80% of that between crown and tooth.
174 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether a new connective tissue attachment will form on previously periodontitis-involved roots when reduced but healthy periodontal ligament tissue persists following periodsontal treatment and the epithelium is prevented from migrating into the wound.
Abstract: The present investigation was undertaken to examine whether a new connective tissue attachment will form on previously periodontitis-involved roots when reduced but healthy periodontal ligament tissue persists following periodontal treatment and the epithelium is prevented from migrating into the wound. In each of 4 monkeys, periodontal tissue breakdown was induced around one maxillary and one mandibular second premolar or first molar by placing orthodontic elastics around the teeth. The elastics were kept in situ until about 50% of the supporting tissues had been lost. 3 months following removal of the elastics, the crowns of the teeth were resected. The pocket epithelium and subjacent granulation tissue were excised and the cementum of the periodontitis-involved part of the roots was removed using a diamond bur. The roots were covered with a mucosal flap. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months of healing. The jaws were removed and histological sections of the experimental roots including their surrounding periodontal tissues were produced. The microscopic analysis disclosed that in all roots, new cementum with inserting collagen fibers had formed in the apical portion of the previously exposed root surfaces. It was always in continuity with the original cementum layer apical to the instrumental part of the root and was thickest in its apical portion, becoming gradually thinner in the coronal direction. In the roots, which for the entire length of the study remained covered by the oral mucosa, the extension in the coronal direction of this newly formed fibrous attachment amounted to an average of 1.0 mm with a range from 0.1 mm to 2.6 mm. These findings were interpreted to mean that new attachment is formed by coronal migration of cells originating from the periodontal ligament.
TL;DR: The occurrence of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine in dopaminergic brain regions supports the hypothesis that dopamine in part undergoes autoxidation, leading to formation of highly reactive quinones.
Abstract: 5-S-Cysteinyldopamine was synthesized and used as reference compound in HPLC analyses of extracts from various regions of human brain. The compound could be detected in brain regions rich in dopamine (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus and substantia nigra) but not in other regions (cerebellum, occipital cortex). The occurrence of 5-S-cysteinyldopamine in dopaminergic brain regions supports the hypothesis that dopamine in part undergoes autoxidation, leading to formation of highly reactive quinones. The newly discovered metabolite may prove useful in future studies of dopamine autoxidation and the possibly resultant cytotoxicity in aging and degenerative brain disorders.
TL;DR: The investigation demonstrated that active therapy including meticulous subgingival debridement resulted in a low frequency of gingival sites which bled on probing, a high frequency of sites with shallow pockets and the disappearance of pockets with a probing depth of greater than 6 mm.
Abstract: The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the effect of different modes of periodontal therapy on patients with moderately advanced periodontal disease and to express the findings in terms of probing pocket depth and attachment level alterations at periodontal sites with different initial probing depths. The material consisted of 16 patients, 35-65 years of age. Following a Baseline examination including assessments of oral hygiene status, gingival conditions, probing pocket depths and probing attachment levels, the patients were subjected to periodontal treatment. A "split-mouth" design approach of therapy was used and the jaw quadrants were randomly selected for the following different treatment procedures: (1) scaling and root planning, (2) scaling and root planing in conjunction with a gingivectomy procedure, (3) scaling and root planing in conjunction with an apically repositioned flap procedure without bone recontouring, (4) scaling and root planing in conjunction with an apically repositioned flap procedure including bone recontouring, (5) scaling and root planing in conjunction with a modified Widman flap procedure without bone recontouring and (6) scaling and root planing in conjunction with a modified Widman flap procedure including bone recontouring. The patients were following active treatment enrolled in a supervised maintenance care program including "professional tooth cleaning" once every 2 weeks during a 6-month period of healing, after which a final examination was performed. The investigation demonstrated that active therapy including meticulous subgingival debridement resulted in a low frequency of gingival sites which bled on probing, a high frequency of sites with shallow pockets (less than 4 mm) and the disappearance of pockets with a probing depth of greater than 6 mm. Between the Baseline examination and the 6-month re-examination, the probing attachment level for initially shallow pockets remained basically unaltered, but with a tendency of a minor apical shift. This occurred in all 6 treatment groups. For sites with initial probing depths of 4-6 mm and greater than 6 mm, there was in all groups some gain of probing attachment. This gain was most pronounced in the initially deeper (greater than 6 mm) pockets. With the use of regression analysis, the "critical probing depth" (CPD) value (i.e. the initial probing depth value below which loss of attachment occurred as a result of treatment and above which gain of probing attachment level resulted) was calculated for each of the 6 methods of treatment used. A comparison of the CPD-values between the 6 treatment groups did not reveal any major differences.
TL;DR: The results showed that the reformation of a connective tissue attachment was considerably favored by the placement of membranes which prevented the dentogingival epithelium and the gingival connectives tissue from interfering with healing following periodontal surgery.
Abstract: The present investigation was designed to evaluate the potential for reformation of connective tissue attachment on exposed and planed root surfaces by preventing the dentogingival epithelium and the gingival connective tissue from interfering with healing following periodontal surgery.
Following the elevation of soft tissue flaps, the buccal and proximal alveolar bone of 24 teeth (48 roots) was removed to mid-root level in 6 monkeys and the exposed root surfaces were carefully planed in order to remove the root cementum. Before the flaps were repositioned and sutured, a membrane (Millipore® filter) was placed over the denuded part of the root surfaces of 16 teeth (test teeth) in order to prevent the epithelium and the gingival connective tissue from interfering with healing. The membrane was adjusted to cover the tooth surfaces from midcrown level to approximately l mm apical to the bone crest. No membranes were placed around the remaining 8 teeth (control teeth) before flap repositioning. The animals were sacrificed 6 months after surgery. The jaws were removed and histological sections of test and control teeth including their buccal periodontal tissues were produced. Nine of the test teeth had to be excluded from examination due to technical failures in the surgical procedure or tissue preparation.
New cementum with inserting collagen fibers was observed on all remaining 14 test roots. The length of this newly formed fibrous attachment corresponded to approximately 50% of the distance from the apical extension of root planing to the cemento-enamel junction. In the majority of the control teeth no new attachment had formed but a “long” junctional epithelium was lining the root surfaces to the apical extension of root planing. In 3 control roots a small amount of new cementum with inserting collagen fibers was found in the most apical area of root planing.
The results showed that the reformation of a connective tissue attachment was considerably favored by the placement of membranes which prevented the dentogingival epithelium and the gingival connective tissue from interfering with healing.
TL;DR: Patients with denture adaptation problems were first given optimal conventional complete dentures and then a fixed prosthesis on osseointegrated dental implants in the lower jaw, which indicates that adaptation to the new prosthetic situation is a gradual process.
Abstract: Twenty-seven edentulous patients with denture adaptation problems were first given optimal conventional complete dentures and then a fixed prosthesis on osscointegrated dental implants in the lower jaw (and a complete maxillary denture). Masticatory function was evaluated by means of a questionnaire, a comminution test for chewing efficiency, and bite force measurements on four occasions: with the original (I) and optimal complete dentures (II) and 2 months (III) and 3 years (IV) after insertion of the fixed mandibular prosthesis on implants. No significant improvement of masticatory function was found after conventional denture treatment. After insertion of the fixed mandibular implant bridge, a marked improvement of the patients' assessment of their chewing ability and of the results of the chewing efficiency test and the bite force measurements was recorded. The test results were further improved after the 3-year observation period, which indicates that adaptation to the new prosthetic situation is a g...
TL;DR: The ultrasound-guided method for oocyte retrieval as it has been developed and utilized in the IVF/ER programs in Sweden will be discussed and future possible developments within the technique will also be discussed.
Abstract: The use of ultrasound to study follicular growth in both normal and stimulated cycles is well established.’-’ The technique is today probably utilized in all in vitro fertilization and embryo replacement (IVF/ER) programs as a complement to hormone analyses for prediction of the optimal time of oocyte c~l lec t ion .~’ Oocytes have, hitherto, mainly been recovered by means of laparo~copy.*-’~ However, radiologists and ultrasonographers have used ultrasound for many years to guide the needle for percutaneous puncture of intra-abdominal structures.” One of the advantages of using this technique is that it is less invasive than other methods if the only purpose is to empty, as with cysts, or to retrieve cells for cytological evaluation, for example. Analogous with this principle, the preovulatory follicle is a cystic structure and the goal in this case is to retrieve intrafollicular cell material for culture purposes. Thus, ultrasound in this connection seems to be a self-evident alternative to use of laparoscopy. Although human IVF/ER has been established clinically since the end of the 1970s for treatment of certain types of female and male infertility, ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration has not been utilized for more than 3 years.’6s” However, the vast increase in experience with this method during the last 2 years indicates that the technique is here to stay as an alternative or complement to laparoscopy.’” This paper will deal with the ultrasound-guided method for oocyte retrieval as it has been developed and utilized in the IVF/ER programs in Sweden. Future possible developments within the technique will also be discussed.
TL;DR: Results are indicative of sex differences in the brain 5-HT neuronal systems in relation to differences between males and females in sexual behaviour, aggression and affective disorders.
Abstract: Male and female rats were compared with respect to brain serotonin (5-HT) levels, synthetic capacity, receptor sensitivity, and CNS functions. Levels of whole brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were higher in females. The accumulation of 5-HT after treatment with the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pargyline alone and in combination with the 5-HT precursor L-tryptophan was greater in females than in males. 5-HT increased and 5-HIAA decreased to the same extent in both sexes after administration of the 5-HT agonist 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT). The temperature fall after all drug treatments was greater in females, but the “5-HT behavioural syndrome” was more pronounced in females merely after pargyline plus tryptophan; the behavioural response after 8-OH-DPAT did not differ between the sexes. These results are indicative of sex differences in the brain 5-HT neuronal systems. They are discussed in relation to differences between males and females in sexual behaviour, aggression and affective disorders.
TL;DR: There were only small differences in the enzymic activities between the two groups indicating that deficiencies of these enzymes are not a very likely cause of brain degeneration in dementias of Alzheimer type.
TL;DR: The results indicate that many variables apart from occlusal parafunctions, such as acid regurgitation and salivary and dietary factors, may contribute to loss of tooth substance diagnosed as dental wear.
Abstract: Eighteen patients with moderate to severe dental wear were re-examined 6-10 years after a treatment period that included use of occlusal splints at night. The splints were used with various intensities for an average of 2 years. The methods of evaluation comprised a questionnaire, clinical examination, comparison of dental casts, salivary analysis, and bite force measurements. The changes in dental wear during the follow-up period were small, the typical finding being an increase of facets but no measurable reduction of tooth length. The results indicate that many variables apart from occlusal parafunctions, such as acid regurgitation and salivary and dietary factors, may contribute to loss of tooth substance diagnosed as dental wear. In most patients, the continuing wear process was slow after long-term treatment with occlusal splints.
TL;DR: The observed early dendrotoxic changes, and the dendrosomal, axon-sparing nature of the lesion implicate an excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemia.
Abstract: A detailed light- and electron-microscopic study of the damage to the rat dentate gyrus in hypoglycemia was undertaken, in view of the previously advanced hypothesis that hypoglycemic nerve cell injury is mediated by a released neurotoxin. The distribution of neuronal necrosis showed a relationship to the subarachnoid cisterns. Electron microscopy of the dentate granule cells and their apical dendrites revealed dendrosomal, axon-sparing neuronal pathology. Dentate granule cells were affected first in the dendrites in the outer layer of the stratum moleculare, sparing axons of passage and terminal boutons. Subsequently, the neuronal perikarya were affected, and Wallerian degeneration of axons followed. Cell membrane abnormalities preceded the appearance of mitochondrial flocculent densities and degradation of the cytoskeleton, and are suggested to be early lethal changes. The observed early dendrotoxic changes, and the dendrosomal, axon-sparing nature of the lesion implicate an excitotoxin-mediated neuronal necrosis in hypoglycemia.
TL;DR: The data from the examinations demonstrated that subgingival scaling is an effective measure in the treatment of periodontal disease, and non-surgical therapy appeared to be equally effective as a surgical approach to treatment.
Abstract: The present clinical trial was performed to study whether subgingival scaling is a method of therapy which is equally effective as "access" flaps in reducing gingivitis and probing depths and in improving probing attachment levels. The study was also designed to assess whether granulation tissue removal is a determining factor for proper healing in the treatment of periodontal disease. 15 patients with advanced periodontal disease were included in the study. Each patient had at least 4 sites in each quadrant of the jaws with probing depths exceeding 6 mm. A baseline examination was performed to assess the following parameters: the oral hygiene status, the gingival conditions, the probing pocket depths and the probing attachment levels. In addition, in each quadrant, 3 approximal sites were selected for analysis of the subgingival microbiota. All of these sites showed signs of gingivitis. One site had a probing depth of less than 4 mm, another a probing depth between 4 and 6 mm and the third site had a probing depth exceeding 6 mm. The subgingival bacterial samples were studied by dark-field microscopy and the % of spirochetes and motile rods was assessed. By random selection the 4 jaw quadrants in each patient were treated for periodontal disease by the use of (1) the modified Widman flap procedure, (2) the modified Kirkland flap procedure or by (3) nonsurgical scaling and root planing. In all, 20 quadrants were treated with each of the 3 procedures. After the termination of active periodontal treatment, all patients were recalled for professional tooth cleaning once every 2 weeks during a 12-week period. Subsequently, they were recalled for prophylaxis every 3 months. The patients were examined 6 and 12 months after treatment using the same parameters as used at baseline. The data from the examinations demonstrated that subgingival scaling is an effective measure in the treatment of periodontal disease. Both in terms of average gingivitis resolution and average probing depth reduction, non-surgical therapy appeared to be equally effective as a surgical approach to treatment. It was also observed, however, that following non-surgical treatment, a larger number of sites with pockets exceeding 6 mm remained than following surgical therapy. Most of these deep pockets in non-surgically treated quadrants bled on probing to the base of the pocket. In addition, the subgingival microbiota of such sites were found to harbor more than 20% spirochetes and motile rods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
TL;DR: A survey of 558 Swedish bank customers and 53 bank branch managers indicated that for a third of respondents the choice was random as mentioned in this paper, and that bank location, availability of loans, and payment of salary through a certain bank are reasons for choice.
Abstract: Consumers do not select their main bank in a particularly conscious fashion; results of a survey of 558 Swedish bank customers and 53 bank branch managers indicated that for a third of respondents the choice was random. However, bank location, availability of loans, and payment of salary through a certain bank are reasons for choice, as is the influence of parents' choices. Choice is most probably a result of a match between bank image and consumer interests.
TL;DR: In this article, the resonance Raman spectra of the single-copper blue proteins azurin plastocyanin and stellacyanin and the multicopper oxidases laccase ascorbate oxidase and ceruloplasmin are reported.
Abstract: Resonance Raman spectra of the single-copper blue proteins azurin plastocyanin and stellacyanin and the multicopper oxidases laccase ascorbate oxidase and ceruloplasmin are reported. Cryoresonance Raman observations (10-77 K) are reported for selected azurins, stellacyanin, the plastocyanins, and the laccases. Isotope studies employing /sup 63/Cu//sup 65/Cu and H/D substitution are reported for selected azurins and stellacyanin, allowing identification of modes having significant copper-ligand (Cu-L) stretch and internal ligand deformation character. Principal conclusions include the following. The only Cu-L stretching mode near 400 cm/sup -1/ is the Cu-S(Cys) stretch, and the remainder of the elementary motions near this frequency are internal ligand deformations. All the observed modes near 400 cm/sup -1/ are highly mixed, and most derive their intensity from their fractional Cu-S(Cys) stretching character. The Cu-N(His) stretching motions are best identified with the ubiquitous peak(s) near 270 cm/sup -1/, although in azurin these modes have contributions from other coordinates. Internal histidine and cysteine motions contribute to the features near 400 cm/sup -1/. This is consistent with a single resonant electronic chromophore and extremely facile vibrational dephasing or other damping processes in the electronically excited state. Temperature effects upon the spectra suggest a significant temperature-dependent structure change at the plastocyanin active site,more » and a more subtle one in azurin. It is shown that the Cu-S(Cys) stretching frequency is closely correlated to the electron-transfer exothermicity for several proteins, thereby indicating the reduction potential can be fine tuned by the effects of polypeptide backbone structure on the copper-sulfur bond distance and the copper-ligand field. 41 references.« less
TL;DR: It is indicated that periodontal probes can become contaminated with A actinomycetemcomitans from juvenile periodontitis lesions during routine dental examinations and can transfer this microorganism from infected to previously uninfected sites.
Abstract: Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans is a Gram-negative oral microorganism, which has been implicated in the etiology of localized juvenile periodontitis and in severe medical infections such as bacterial endocarditis. This study evaluated the ability of periodontal probes to transmit A actinomycetemcomitans from juvenile periodontitis lesions to healthy gingival sulci in the same patient. Localized juvenile periodontitis patients exhibiting first molar and incisor alveolar bone loss and with large numbers of A actinomycetemcomitans in deep periodontal pockets were included in this study. A periodontal probe was inserted into periodontal pockets of 6 mm or greater depth. The probe was then placed into a healthy gingival sulcus of 3 mm or less, in the same subject. Fifty-five transfers by probing were made and A actinomycetemcomitans in both the donor and recipient sites was assessed by a selective culture technique. The results indicate that periodontal probes can become contaminated with A actinomycetemc...
TL;DR: No effects of Simethicone on the symptoms of infantile colic could be demonstrated, however, 67 % of the infants improved during the treatment, which could be ascribed to a high‐grade placebo‐effect.
Abstract: The effect of Simethicone on "colicky" (n = 27) infants was tested in a double-blind cross-over study. Three different parameters were used to measure the efficiency of the treatment: interviews, 24-hour records and behavioral observations. No effects of Simethicone on the symptoms of infantile colic could be demonstrated. However, 67% of the infants improved during the treatment, which could be ascribed to a high-grade placebo-effect.
TL;DR: A longitudinal study of clinical signs and subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction was performed with a 4-yr interval in 119 children, now 11 and 15 yr old, and showed that 66% in both age groups had clinical signs while 62 and 66%, respectively, complained of subjective symptoms.
Abstract: A longitudinal study of clinical signs and subjective symptoms of mandibular dysfunction was performed with a 4-yr interval in 119 children, now 11 and 15 yr old. The results showed that 66% in both age groups had clinical signs while 62 and 66%, respectively, complained of subjective symptoms. In most cases the signs were mild, but 11% of the 11-yr-olds and 17% of the 15-yr-olds had moderate, or, in a few cases, severe signs of dysfunction. Most of the children with subjective symptoms had their symptoms occasionally but 3% in the younger and 11% in the older age group had frequent symptoms from the masticatory system. When comparisons were made with the findings 4 yr earlier, it was noted that the subjective symptoms had increased in frequency in the younger children, while the clinical signs had increased in both groups. These age differences, as well as the prevalence figures recorded longitudinally, agreed well with previous findings in cross-sectional investigations of different age groups.
TL;DR: Those women whose menopause started early were more often mentally impaired than others and they also tended to have been more often impaired even before the climacteric (ages 30‐39).
Abstract: A representative sample of 899 middle-aged urban Swedish women underwent a psychiatric interview on two occasions with 6 years between studies (waves). The point prevalence of all mental disorders was 39.9% at the first wave and 39.0% at the second. The corresponding one-year onset rates of all mental disorders were 18.0% and 14.2%. No significant differences were found between ages or between waves. Major depressive episodes accounted for about half of the psychiatric morbidity. Those women whose menopause started early were more often mentally impaired than others and they also tended to have been more often impaired even before the climacteric (ages 30-39). Menopause was not associated with any onset risk of mental disorder, but a relationship was found between this rate and the weighted sum of other life events. The latter association remained significant even when correction was made for age, social class and marital status. Divorced and the childless women ran an increased risk of developing a mental disorder with functional impairment in the 6-year period between the waves. Women from the lower social classes evidenced an increased risk of contracting some mental disorder during the same period.