University of Gothenburg

About: University of Gothenburg is a education organization based out in Gothenburg, Sweden. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 23855 authors who have published 65241 publications receiving 2606327 citations. The organization is also known as: Göteborg University & Gothenburg University.

Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition Compared With Enalapril on the Risk of Clinical Progression in Surviving Patients With Heart Failure

Abstract: Background—Clinical trials in heart failure have focused on the improvement in symptoms or decreases in the risk of death and other cardiovascular events. Little is known about the effect of drugs ...

Recent Third Pole’s Rapid Warming Accompanies Cryospheric Melt and Water Cycle Intensification and Interactions between Monsoon and Environment: Multidisciplinary Approach with Observations, Modeling, and Analysis

Abstract: The Third Pole (TP) is experiencing rapid warming and is currently in its warmest period in the past 2,000 years. This paper reviews the latest development in multidisciplinary TP research ...

Impact of diabetes on outcomes in patients with low and preserved ejection fraction heart failure: an analysis of the Candesartan in Heart failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme.

Abstract: Aims To determine whether the risk of adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes associated with diabetes differs in patients with low and preserved ejection fraction (EF) heart failure (HF). Methods and results We analysed outcomes in the Candesartan in Heart failure—Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and morbidity (CHARM) programme which randomized 7599 patients with symptomatic HF and a broad range of EF. The prevalence of diabetes was 28.3% in patients with preserved EF (>40%) and 28.5% in those with low EF (≤40%). Diabetes was associated with a greater relative risk of CV death or HF hospitalization in patients with preserved EF [hazard ratio (HR) 2.0 (1.70–2.36)] than in patients with low EF [HR 1.60 (1.44–1.77); interaction test P = 0.0009]. For all-cause mortality, the risk conferred by diabetes was similar in both low and preserved EF groups. The effect of candesartan in reducing CV morbidity and mortality outcomes was not modified by having diabetes at baseline ( P = 0.09 test for interaction). Conclusion Diabetes was an independent predictor of CV morbidity and mortality in patients with HF, regardless of EF. The relative risk of CV death or HF hospitalization conferred by diabetes was significantly greater in patients with preserved when compared with those with low EF HF.

MEG3 long noncoding RNA regulates the TGF-β pathway genes through formation of RNA–DNA triplex structures

Abstract: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression by association with chromatin, but how they target chromatin remains poorly understood. We have used chromatin RNA immunoprecipitation-coupled high-throughput sequencing to identify 276 lncRNAs enriched in repressive chromatin from breast cancer cells. Using one of the chromatin-interacting lncRNAs, MEG3, we explore the mechanisms by which lncRNAs target chromatin. Here we show that MEG3 and EZH2 share common target genes, including the TGF-β pathway genes. Genome-wide mapping of MEG3 binding sites reveals that MEG3 modulates the activity of TGF-β genes by binding to distal regulatory elements. MEG3 binding sites have GA-rich sequences, which guide MEG3 to the chromatin through RNA–DNA triplex formation. We have found that RNA–DNA triplex structures are widespread and are present over the MEG3 binding sites associated with the TGF-β pathway genes. Our findings suggest that RNA–DNA triplex formation could be a general characteristic of target gene recognition by the chromatin-interacting lncRNAs.

DNA glycosylases, endonucleases for apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, and base excision-repair.

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that since DNA is the carrier of genetic information and spontaneous mutations occur only at low frequency, cellular DNA has often been regarded as an essentially stable entity. Recent developments have necessitated a revision of this view. With the discovery of insertion elements, it became clear that certain segments of DNA can move between many different chromosomal sites. Further, the susceptibility of DNA to heat-induced degradation at moderate temperatures and neutral pH leads to hydrolytic decay at a much faster rate than that expected from spontaneous mutation frequencies. The latter, somewhat paradoxical, observation can be rationalized by postulating the existence of efficient repair mechanisms to maintain the integrity of DNA. The chapter also discusses that several enzymes that act specifically on hydrolytically-damaged nucleotide residues in DNA have recently been discovered, purified, and characterized, and they are the main subject of the present review. Some of these enzymes, the DNA glycosylases, belong to a previously unrecognized class of enzymes that cleave base–sugar bonds in DNA. In addition to their role in surveying and removing DNA damage that would otherwise lead to unacceptable spontaneous mutation frequencies, the same enzymes may also play an important role in the repair of cellular lesions introduced by ionizing radiation or by exposure to chemical mutagens such as alkylating agents, nitrous acid, or bisulfite.