Showing papers by "University of Göttingen published in 1992"
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that indicates that, at least for 5′ splice site mutations, crypticSplice site usage is favoured under conditions where (1) a number of such sites are present in the immediate vicinity and (2) these sites exhibit sufficient homology to thesplice site consensus sequence for them to be able to compete successfully with the mutated splice sites.
Abstract: A total of 101 different examples of point mutations, which lie in the vicinity of mRNA splice junctions, and which have been held to be responsible for a human genetic disease by altering the accuracy of efficiency of mRNA splicing, have been collated. These data comprise 62 mutations at 5′ splice sites, 26 at 3′ splice sites and 13 that result in the creation of novel splice sites. It is estimated that up to 15% of all point mutations causing human genetic disease result in an mRNA splicing defect. Of the 5′ splice site mutations, 60% involved the invariant GT dinucleotide; mutations were found to be non-randomly distributed with an excess over expectation at positions +1 and +2, and apparent deficiencies at positions −1 and −2. Of the 3′ splice site mutations, 87% involved the invariant AG dinucleotide; an excess of mutations over expectation was noted at position -2. This non-randomness of mutation reflects the evolutionary conservation apparent in splice site consensus sequences drawn up previously from primate genes, and is most probably attributable to detection bias resulting from the differing phenotypic severity of specific lesions. The spectrum of point mutations was also drastically skewed: purines were significantly overrepresented as substituting nucleotides, perhaps because of steric hindrance (e.g. in U1 snRNA binding at 5′ splice sites). Furthermore, splice sites affected by point mutations resulting in human genetic disease were markedly different from the splice site consensus sequences. When similarity was quantified by a ‘consensus value’, both extremely low and extremely high values were notably absent from the wild-type sequences of the mutated splice sites. Splice sites of intermediate similarity to the consensus sequence may thus be more prone to the deleterious effects of mutation. Regarding the phenotypic effects of mutations on mRNA splicing, exon skipping occurred more frequently than cryptic splice site usage. Evidence is presented that indicates that, at least for 5′ splice site mutations, cryptic splice site usage is favoured under conditions where (1) a number of such sites are present in the immediate vicinity and (2) these sites exhibit sufficient homology to the splice site consensus sequence for them to be able to compete successfully with the mutated splice site. The novel concept of a “potential for cryptic splice site usage” value was introduced in order to quantify these characteristics, and to predict the relative proportion of exon skipping vs cryptic splice site utilization consequent to the introduction of a mutation at a normal splice site.
1,310 citations
TL;DR: A model is proposed in which a TNF-responsive PC-PLC via DAG couples to an acidic SMase, resulting in the generation of ceramide, which eventually triggers rapid induction of nuclear NF-kappa B activity.
1,063 citations
TL;DR: An unusual restriction site in the CLC-1 locus in two GM families identified a mutation associated with that disease, a phenylalanine-to-cysteine substitution in putative transmembrane domain D8, which suggests that different mutations in C LC-1 may cause dominant or recessive myotonia.
Abstract: Autosomal recessive generalized myotonia (Becker's disease) (GM) and autosomal dominant myotonia congenita (Thomsen's disease) (MC) are characterized by skeletal muscle stiffness that is a result of muscle membrane hyperexcitability. For both diseases, alterations in muscle chloride or sodium currents or both have been observed. A complementary DNA for a human skeletal muscle chloride channel (CLC-1) was cloned, physically localized on chromosome 7, and linked to the T cell receptor beta (TCRB) locus. Tight linkage of these two loci to GM and MC was found in German families. An unusual restriction site in the CLC-1 locus in two GM families identified a mutation associated with that disease, a phenylalanine-to-cysteine substitution in putative transmembrane domain D8. This suggests that different mutations in CLC-1 may cause dominant or recessive myotonia.
675 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a model for the origin of ultrapotassic melts by melting of veined lithosphere; the veins are rich in clinopyroxene and mica, whereas the wall-rocks consist principally of peridotites.
619 citations
614 citations
TL;DR: Hsp90 suppresses the formation of protein aggregates by binding to the target proteins at a stoichiometry of one Hsp90 dimer to one or two substrate molecule(s), and the yield of correctly folded and functional protein is increased significantly.
Abstract: THE heat-shock protein Hsp90 is the most abundant constitutively expressed stress protein in the cytosol of eukaryotic cells1,2, where it participates in the maturation of other proteins, modulation of protein activity in the case of hormone-free steroid receptors, and intracellular transport of some newly synthesized kinases3–5. A feature of all these processes could be their dependence on the formation of protein structure. If Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in maintaining a certain subset of cellular proteins in an inactive form, it should also be able to recognize and bind non-native proteins, thereby influencing their folding to the native state. Here we investigate whether Hsp90 can influence protein folding in vitro and show that Hsp90 suppresses the formation of protein aggregates by binding to the target proteins at a stoichiometry of one Hsp90 dimer to one or two substrate molecule(s). Furthermore, the yield of correctly folded and functional protein is increased significantly. The action of Hsp90 does not depend on the presence of nucleoside triphosphates, so it may be that Hsp90 uses a novel molecular mechanism to assist protein folding in vivo.
505 citations
TL;DR: Findings indicate focal premature chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophic cells in OA cartilage, which is consistent with the appearance of hypertrophic chondROcytes in osteoarthritic cartilage.
Abstract: Objective. To investigate the appearance of hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, using type X collagen as a specific marker.
Methods. The biosynthesis of type X collagen was examined by metabolic labeling of freshly isolated articular chondrocytes with 3H-proline, immunoprecipitation, and sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the synthesized collagens. Extracellular deposition of types X and II collagen was analyzed immunohistochemically.
Results. Immunostaining revealed an irregular distribution of type X collagen, which was localized around chondrocyte clusters in fibrillated OA cartilage, but was absent from the noncalcified region of normal articular cartilage. Freshly isolated OA chondrocytes synthesized predominantly type X collagen, while control chondrocytes synthesized mostly type II collagen.
Conclusion. Our findings indicate focal premature chondrocyte differentiation to hypertrophic cells in OA cartilage.
444 citations
TL;DR: The tolerance of C. pasteurianum to Glycerol was remarkably high; growth was not inhibited by glycerol concentrations up to 17% (wt/vol), and increasing glycerl concentrations favored the production of 1,3-propanediol.
Abstract: The effect of pH, growth rate, phosphate and iron limitation, carbon monoxide, and carbon source on product formation by Clostridium pasteurianum was determined. Under phosphate limitation, glucose was fermented almost exclusively to acetate and butyrate independently of the pH and growth rate. Iron limitation caused lactate production (38 mol/100 mol) from glucose in batch and continuous culture. At 15% (vol/vol) carbon monoxide in the atmosphere, glucose was fermented to ethanol (24 mol/100 mol), lactate (32 mol/100 mol), and butanol (36 mol/100 mol) in addition to the usual products, acetate (38 mol/100 mol) and butyrate (17 mol/100 mol). During glycerol fermentation, a completely different product pattern was found. In continuous culture under phosphate limitation, acetate and butyrate were produced only in trace amounts, whereas ethanol (30 mol/100 mol), butanol (18 mol/100 mol), and 1,3-propanediol (18 mol/100 mol) were the major products. Under iron limitation, the ratio of these products could be changed in favor of 1,3-propanediol (34 mol/100 mol). In addition, lactate was produced in significant amounts (25 mol/100 mol). The tolerance of C. pasteurianum to glycerol was remarkably high; growth was not inhibited by glycerol concentrations up to 17% (wt/vol). Increasing glycerol concentrations favored the production of 1,3-propanediol.
441 citations
University of Ulm1, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg2, University of Münster3, University of Düsseldorf4, University of Göttingen5, University of Greifswald6, University of Hamburg7, University of Marburg8, Augsburg College9, University of Mannheim10, Free University of Berlin11, University of Innsbruck12, University of Tübingen13
TL;DR: The perioperative application of octreotide reduces the occurrence of typical postoperative complications after pancreatic resection, particularly in patients with tumors.
Abstract: Though morbidity and mortality rates following pancreatic resection have improved in recent years, they are still around 35% and 5%, respectively. Typical complications, such as pancreatic fistula, abscess, and subsequent sepsis, are chiefly associated with exocrine pancreatic secretion. In order to clarify whether the perioperative inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion prevents complications, we assessed the efficacy of octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin analogue. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial in 246 patients undergoing major elective pancreatic surgery. Patients were stratified into a high-risk stratum (limited to patients with pancreatic and periampullary tumors) or low-risk stratum (patients with chronic pancreatitis). Patients received octreotide (3 x 100 micrograms) or placebo subcutaneously for 7 days perioperatively. Eleven complications were defined: death, leakage of anastomosis, pancreatic fistula, abscess, fluid collection, shock, sepsis, bleeding, pulmonary insufficiency, renal insufficiency, and postoperative pancreatitis. Two hundred patients underwent pancreatic head resection, 31 patients underwent left resection, and 15 patients had other procedures. The overall mortality rate within 90 days was 4.5%, with 3.2% in the octreotide group and 5.8% in the placebo group. The complication rate was 32% in the patients receiving octreotide (40 of 125 patients) and 55% in patients receiving placebo (67 of 121 patients) (p less than 0.005). In the patients in the high-risk stratum, complications were observed in 26 of the 68 (38%) patients treated with octreotide and in 46 of 71 (65%) patients given placebo (p less than 0.01). Whereas in patients in the low-risk stratum, the complication rate was 25% (14 of 57 patients) in those treated with octreotide and 42% (21 of 50 patients) in patients given placebo (p = NS). The perioperative application of octreotide reduces the occurrence of typical postoperative complications after pancreatic resection, particularly in patients with tumors.
406 citations
364 citations
TL;DR: It was found that the density of HCV-RNA-carrying material was variable, as determined by sucrose gradient density centrifugation (1.03–1.20 g/cm3), andHCV- RNA banding at low densities could be completely co-precipitated with anti-β lipoprotein, whereas HCV
Abstract: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA in sera of patients with viral hepatitis C is supposed to be included, at least partially, into HCV particles. We found that the density of HCV-RNA-carrying material was variable, as determined by sucrose gradient density centrifugation (1.03–1.20 g/cm3). In some of the sera examined HCV-RNA was restricted to low densities between 1.03 and 1.08 g/cm3. In other sera additional densities of HCV-RNA were found distributed over the whole gradient with peaks at 1.12 and 1.17 and at 1.19–1.20 g/cm3. HCV-RNA banding at low densities could be completely co-precipitated with anti-β lipoprotein, whereas HCV-RNA fractions of higher densities were only partially precipitated or not at all. In 8 of 20 sera directly examined, HCV-RNA could be completely and in 9 sera only partially co-precipitated by anti-β lipoprotein. In 3 sera no significant precipitation could be observed.
TL;DR: Molecular data will be shown for genes of Alcaligenes eutrophus, purple non-sulfur bacteria, Such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, purple sulfur bacteria, such as Chromatium vinosum, pseudomonads belonging to rRNA homology group I, and for the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus ruber.
Abstract: The current knowledge on the structure and on the organization of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (PHA)-biosynthetic genes from a wide range of different bacteria, which rely on different pathways for biosynthesis of this storage polyesters, is provided. Molecular data will be shown for genes of Alcaligenes eutrophus, purple non-sulfur bacteria, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum, purple sulfur bacteria, such as Chromatium vinosum, pseudomonads belonging to rRNA homology group I, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Methylobacterium extorquens, and for the Gram-positive bacterium Rhodococcus ruber. Three different types of PHA synthases can be distinguished with respect to their substrate specificity and structure. Strategies for the cloning of PHA synthase structural genes will be outlined which are based on the knowledge of conserved regions of PHA synthase structural genes and of the PHA-biosynthetic routes in bacteria as well as on the heterologous expression of these genes and on the availability of mutants impaired in the accumulation of PHA. In addition, a terminology for the designation of PHAs and of proteins and genes relevant for the metabolism of PHA is suggested.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the overall process of transfer of amino acids from the cytosol of the source cells into the sieve tubes, although carrier mediated, may be a passive process and that the translocation of amino acid via the sieving tubes requires the mass flow of sucrose driven by the active sucrose transport involved by the phloem loading.
Abstract: A comparison of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves was made between the cytosolic content of amino acids and sucrose as determined by subcellular fractionation and the corresponding concentration in phloem sap, which was collected continuously for up to 6 days from severed aphid stylets. Because amino acids were found to be almost absent from the vacuoles, and because the amino acid patterns in the stroma and cytosol are similar, whole leaf contents could be taken as a measure of cytosolic amino acid levels for a comparison of data during a diurnal cycle. The results show that the pattern of amino acids in the phloem sap was very similar to the pattern in the cytosol. Therefore, we concluded that the overall process of transfer of amino acids from the cytosol of the source cells into the sieve tubes, although carrier mediated, may be a passive process and that the translocation of amino acids via the sieve tubes requires the mass flow of sucrose driven by the active sucrose transport involved by the phloem loading.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that every theory of local observables in two dimensions, which is covariant under translation only, can be imbedded into a theory of locally observables covariant over the whole Poincare group.
Abstract: Let ℳ be a von Neumann algebra with cyclic and separating vector Ω, and letU(a) be a continuous unitary representation ofR with positive generator and Ω as fixed point. If these unitaries induce for positive arguments endomorphisms of ℳ then the modular group act as dilatations on the group of unitaries. Using this it will be shown that every theory of local observables in two dimensions, which is covariant under translation only, can be imbedded into a theory of local observables covariant under the whole Poincare group. This theory is also covariant under the CPT-transformation.
TL;DR: The results demonstrate that a considerable proportion of lesional T cells are allergen-specific, IL-4-producing T cells that are capable of enhancing IgE production and support the specific nature of Der p-induced patch test lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis.
Abstract: The mechanism underlying positive patch tests with house dust mite-allergen, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Der p), in patients with atopic dermatitis was investigated by isolating T cells from the test sites of two patients. Eighty-five T cell clones (TCC) were established from the epidermis and dermis of lesional skin by the limiting-dilution method with Der p and interleukin (IL)-2. With restimulation assays, 29 of 60 TCCs tested demonstrated specific proliferation; 85% were of the CD3+, CD2+, and CD4+ phenotype. Der p-specific T cells constituted 0.4% to 2.7% of lesional T cells, and they were more frequent in the skin than in the blood of the patients by one order of magnitude. The mitogen-stimulated lymphokine profile of 55 TCCs was assessed; 42% (11/26) of the allergen-specific TCCs secreted IL-4 but almost no interferon-gamma, as described for the Th2 subset of the mouse. Also, six selected TCCs supported IgE secretion by autologous lymphocytes. Only three of 26 allergen-specific, skin-derived TCCs demonstrated a Th1-like lymphokine profile. These results support the specific nature of Der p-induced patch test lesions in patients with atopic dermatitis, and the results demonstrate also that a considerable proportion of lesional T cells are allergen-specific, IL-4-producing T cells that are capable of enhancing IgE production.
TL;DR: In this paper, the source mineralogy and conditions of origin of the three main groups of ultrapotassic rocks are outlined by combining experimental constraints and an abstraction of evidence from whole-rock chemistry (including volatiles), tectonic setting and xenolith contents.
TL;DR: The findings suggest that the phenotypical expression of the PPR is age-related and modified by other factors predisposing to generalized epilepsy, the varied patterns of thePPR only representing different levels of expression ofThe same genetically determined trait.
TL;DR: The pH of continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum growing at pH 5.6 was allowed to decrease to 4.3 after acid production and thereby to shift the cultures from acetate and butyrate to acetone and butanol formation, beginning of a stable metabolic oscillation which could also be recorded as an oscillation of the culture redox potential under steady-state solventogenic conditions.
Abstract: The pH of continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum growing at pH 5.6 was allowed to decrease to 4.3 after acid production and thereby to shift the cultures from acetate and butyrate to acetone and butanol formation. Several parameters were determined during the shift. An increase in the intracellular acid concentration to 440 mM was recorded. An excess of undissociated butyric acid but not of acetic acid just before the shift to solventogenesis was followed by a decline in acid production and subsequently by the uptake of acids. The intracellular ATP concentration reached a minimum before the onset of solventogenesis; this presumably reflects the ATP-consuming proton extrusion connected with the increase in the ΔpH from 0.7 to 1.4 units. The pool of NADH plus NADPH exhibited a drastic increase until solventogenesis was induced. The changes in the ATP and ADP and NADH plus NADPH pools during these pH shift experiments were the beginning of a stable metabolic oscillation which could also be recorded as an oscillation of the culture redox potential under steady-state solventogenic conditions. Similar changes were observed when the shift was induced by the addition of butyrate and acetate (50 mM each) to the continuous culture. However, when methyl viologen was added, important differences were found: ATP levels did not reach a minimum, acetoacetate decarboxylase activity could not be measured, and butanol but not acetone was produced. A model for the shift is proposed; it assumes the generation of two signals, one by the changed ATP and ADP levels and the other by the increased NAD(P)H level.
TL;DR: Results for the one-particle Green's function for the Tomonaga-Luttinger model of one-dimensional interacting fermions take a simple form using space and time variables and show drastic differences from the spinless case.
Abstract: Results for the one-particle Green's function for the Tomonaga-Luttinger model of one-dimensional interacting fermions take a simple form using space and time variables. To obtain the corresponding spectral functions which determine photoemission and inverse-photoemission spectra, a double Fourier transform is necessary. For the model including spin we present analytical and numerical results. They show drastic differences from the spinless case. Expressions for the critical indices which determine the singularities of the spectra are given.
Yale University1, University of Toronto2, University of Wisconsin-Madison3, Rush University Medical Center4, Flinders University5, University of Göttingen6, University of Washington7, University of Bonn8, University of Konstanz9, University of Cambridge10, Brandeis University11, Max Planck Society12, University of Texas Medical Branch13, University of Oxford14, University of York15, University of California, San Diego16, Cornell University17, University of Sydney18, Imperial College London19
TL;DR: In this article, a 30-μm meshed nylon screen was used to separate root hairs from soil, which root hairs could penetrate but not roots, and the soil was sliced in thin layers parallel to the root mat which had developed on the screen and both soil pH and residual P determined.
Abstract: Mobilization of soil P as the result of plant-induced changes of soil pH in the vicinity of plant roots was studied. Seedlings of ryegrass were grown in small containers separating roots from soil by a 30-μm meshed nylon screen which root hairs could penetrate but not roots. Two soils were used, a luvisol containing P mainly bound to calcium and an oxisol containing P mainly bound (adsorbed) to iron and aluminum. Plant-induced changes of soil pH were brought about by application of ammonium-or nitrate-nitrogen. After plants had grown for 10 d the soil was sliced in thin layers parallel to the root mat which had developed on the screen, and both soil pH and residual P determined. Mobilization of P was assessed by P-depletion profiles of the rhizosphere soil.
TL;DR: The effect of intracisternal injection of recombinant human TNF alpha (50-50,000 IU) on pial vasoreactivity and blood-brain barrier permeability in newborn piglets and cytokine administration resulted in arterial vasoconstrictions, blood- brain barrier opening and increased Na-fluorescein uptake in brain regions examined in a dose-dependent manner.
TL;DR: There was a rapid improvement in oxygenation as reflected by a threefold increase in arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio within 5 minutes after surfactant instillation, and peak inspiratory pressure and mean airway pressure could be reduced significantly during the first 6 hours after Surfactant treatment.
Abstract: There is now convincing evidence that the severity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome can be reduced by surfactant replacement therapy; however, the optimal therapeutic regimen has not been defined. This randomized European multicenter trial was designed to determine whether the beneficial effects of a single large dose of Curosurf (200 mg/kg) in babies with severe respiratory distress syndrome (arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio approximately 0.10) could be enhanced by using multiple doses of surfactant. Preterm neonates (birth weight 700 to 2000 g) with severe respiratory distress syndrome requiring artificial ventilation with fraction of inspired oxygen greater than or equal to 0.6 were randomized into two groups at an age of 2 to 15 hours. Both groups received the usual dose of Curosurf (200 mg/kg) immediately after randomization. In neonates randomized to receive multiple-dose treatment, two additional doses of Curosurf (100 mg/kg each) were instilled into the airways (12 and 24 hours after the initial dose) provided that the patients still needed artificial ventilation with fraction of inspired oxygen greater than 0.21. In both groups (single dose: n = 176, multiple doses: n = 167) there was a rapid improvement in oxygenation as reflected by a threefold increase in arterial to alveolar oxygen tension ratio within 5 minutes after surfactant instillation (P less than .001), and peak inspiratory pressure and mean airway pressure could be reduced significantly during the first 6 hours after surfactant treatment. In addition, ventilatory requirement (peak inspiratory pressure, ventilatory efficiency index) was reduced in the multiple-dose group 2 to 4 days after randomization (P less than .05 to .01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
TL;DR: Complementation experiments revealed multiple evidence that either polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase is involved in polyhydroylkanoate accumulation from gluconate as well as from octanoate, and two transcriptional start sites resembling Escherichia coli consensus sequences for sigma 54 and sigma 70 promoters were identified experimentally upstream of phaC1Pa.
Abstract: From genomic libraries, the polyhydroxyalkanoate gene locus of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 was cloned and characterised at the molecular level. Two genes coding for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthases, phaC1Pa and phaC2Pa, a polyhydroxyalkanoate depolymerase gene, phaDPa, and four adjacent open reading frames (ORF1, ORF2, ORF3 and ORF4) were identified from the nucleotide sequence. Two transcriptional start sites, which were preceded by sequences resembling the Escherichia coli consensus sequences for sigma 54 and sigma 70 promoters, were identified experimentally upstream of phaC1Pa, which was shown by Northern blot analysis to constitute an operon together with phaDPa. A third putative promoter resembling the E. coli consensus sequence for sigma 70-dependent promoters was proposed upstream of phaC2Pa, which is in a bicistronic operon with ORF3. Investigations of rpoN-negative mutants of related strains revealed that polyhydroxyalkanoate accumulation from gluconate required an intact rpoN locus in P. aeruginosa. Complementation experiments revealed multiple evidence that either polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase is involved in polyhydroylkanoate accumulation from gluconate as well as from octanoate. The P. aeruginosa PAO1 polyhydroxyalkanoate gene locus was expressed in the polyhydroxyalkanoate-negative mutant Alcaligenes eutrophus PHB-4 and in the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)-accumulating strain P. oleovorans DSM1045. It conferred on the latter the ability to synthesize and accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates consisting of medium-chain-length 3-hydroxyalkanoic acids from unrelated substrates in addition to poly(3-hydroxybutyrate). The sequence of the putative translational product of ORF1 was similar to those of the leukotoxin repressor of Pasteurella haemolytica and to the ORF9 product of Azotobacter vinelandii, and that of ORF4 was similar to the algP product of P. aeruginosa and to eukaryotic histone H1 proteins. The proteins of ORF2 and ORF3 appear to be previously unidentified.
TL;DR: Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant contribution of coffee and beer drinking, ingestion of canned food, and familial occurrence of urothelial tumors to the risk of bladder cancer in men after accounting for the effects of tobacco smoking, occupational exposures, and a history of bladder infection.
Abstract: A hospital-based, case-control study of 531 male and 144 female matched pairs was conducted in Germany to analyze the role of nonoccupational and occupational risk factors in the etiology of tumors of the lower urinary tract (bladder cancer) Smoking of cigarettes was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 36 for men and 32 for women, compared with not smoking and showed a significant dose- and time-response relationship for both sexes Heavy pipe smoking significantly increased the risk (OR = 19 in men), and smoking of cigars did not alter the risk of bladder cancer Controlling for smoking, a significantly twofold or more increase in risk was found for heavy consumption of coffee in both sexes and for heavy intake of beer in males Increasing levels of total fluid intake were associated with increasing, smoking-adjusted risks in men Significant associations were found for chronic infection of the lower urinary tract (OR = 18), familial history of bladder cancer (OR = 25), and frequent consumption of high fat meals (OR = 14) among men and for frequent consumption of canned food in both sexes (OR = 17 for males, 24 for females) With regard to occupational history, significantly elevated odds ratios were found for ever-employment in the printing (50), plastics and synthetics (26), rubber (25), mining (20), and dyestuffs (19) industries, for exposure to spray paints (29), zinc (23), chromium/chromate (22), oils (15), petroleum (14), stone dust (14) and metal dust/fumes (13), and for occupation as mining worker (20) and truck driver (18) among men Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant contribution of coffee and beer drinking, ingestion of canned food, and familial occurrence of urothelial tumors to the risk of bladder cancer in men after accounting for the effects of tobacco smoking, occupational exposures, and a history of bladder infection These other variables did not influence the risk attributable to occupational exposures
TL;DR: It is likely that the cells critically involved in collagen degradation during cervical dilatation are not resident fibroblasts but rather polymorphonuclear leukocytes emigrating from blood vessels.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of citric acid on P, Al, and Fe soil solution concentrations of three soils was investigated in an incubation experiment, and the effect was strongly pronounced in the podzol with humic-P complexes as the main P fraction.
Abstract: Several plant species excrete di- and tricarboxylic acids as a reaction to P and Fe deficiency. Therefore, the effect of citric acid on P, Al, and Fe soil solution concentrations of three soils was investigated in an incubation experiment. Citric acid additions of 10–50 μmole/g soil increased P, Al, and Fe solubility. The effect was strongly pronounced in the podzol with humic-P complexes as the main P fraction. The maximum increase was about 80 μmole P/L in the luvisol, 500 μmole P/L oxisol, and 3000 μmole P/L in the podzol. The Fe and Al solubility increased parallel to that of P with a ratio of Fe+Alsolubized/Psolubized of 10 or more. The solubization effect by citric acid was strong even after 90 days. Possible solubization reactions are discussed.