Institution
University of Graz
Education•Graz, Steiermark, Austria•
About: University of Graz is a education organization based out in Graz, Steiermark, Austria. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 17934 authors who have published 37489 publications receiving 1110980 citations. The organization is also known as: Carolo Franciscea Graecensis & Karl Franzens Universität.
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: The authors examined the stress and coping responses of an international sample of over 600 language teachers who responded to an online survey in April 2020, which measured stressors and 14 coping strategies grouped into two types, approach and avoidant.
383 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the conformational features of 4-aryl-dihydropyrimidine calcium channel modulators were investigated by computational and X-ray crystallographic studies, and the geometries of dihydropyrimidines 8−11 were fully optimized using ab initio (HF/3-21G) and semi-empirical (AM1, AM1/MM, PM3, PM 3/MM) methods, and rotational barriers for important functional groups determined.
383 citations
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TL;DR: All experimental evidence points to a mechanism involving an N-acyliminium ion as the key intermediate, formed by acid-catalyzed condensation of benzaldehyde and urea (or N-methylurea) formed by the Biginelli dihydropyrimidines.
Abstract: The mechansim of the three-component Biginelli dihydropyrimidine synthesis was reinvestigated using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Condensation of benzaldehyde, ethyl acetoacetate, and urea (or N-methylurea) in CD3OH according to the procedure described by Biginelli produced the expected 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates. According to NMR measurements, there is no evidence that the first step in the Biginelli reaction is an acid-catalyzed aldol reaction of ethyl acetoacetate and benzaldehyde leading to a carbenium ion intermediate, as has been suggested previously. In contrast, all experimental evidence points to a mechanism involving an N-acyliminium ion as the key intermediate, formed by acid-catalyzed condensation of benzaldehyde and urea (or N-methylurea). Interception of this iminium ion by ethyl acetoacetate produces open-chain ureides which subsequently cyclize to the Biginelli dihydropyrimidines.
383 citations
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TL;DR: The analysis suggests, if at all only a minor clinical benefit of treatment with long-acting insulin analogues for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with "basal" insulin regarding symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemia was statistically significantly lower in patients treated with either insulin glargine or detemir.
Abstract: Background
Despite indications from epidemiological trials that higher blood glucose concentrations are associated with a higher risk for developing micro- and macrovascular complications, evidence for a beneficial effect of antihyperglycaemic therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is conflicting. Two large studies, the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) and the University Group Diabetes Program (UGDP), did not find a reduction of cardiovascular endpoints through improvement of metabolic control. The theoretical benefits of newer insulin analogues might result in fewer macrovascular and microvascular events.
Objectives
To assess the effects of long-term treatment with long-acting insulin analogues (insulin glargine and insulin detemir) compared to NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Search methods
Studies were obtained from computerised searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and communication with experts in the field as well as insulin producing companies.
Selection criteria
Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials in adults with diabetes mellitus type 2 and had a trial duration of at least 24 weeks.
Data collection and analysis
Two authors independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Pooling of studies by means of random-effects meta-analyses was performed.
Main results
Six studies comparing insulin glargine to NPH (Neutral Protamine Hagedorn) insulin and two studies comparing insulin detemir to NPH insulin were identified. In these trials, 1715 patients were randomised to insulin glargine and 578 patients to insulin detemir. Duration of the included trials ranged from 24 to 52 weeks. Metabolic control, measured by glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) as a surrogate endpoint, and adverse effects did not differ in a clinical relevant way between treatment groups. While no statistically significant difference for severe hypoglycaemia rates was shown in any of the trials, the rate of symptomatic, overall and nocturnal hypoglycaemia was statistically significantly lower in patients treated with either insulin glargine or detemir. No evidence for a beneficial effect of long-acting analogues on patient-oriented outcomes like mortality, morbidity, quality of life or costs could be obtained.
Authors' conclusions
Our analysis suggests, if at all only a minor clinical benefit of treatment with long-acting insulin analogues for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 treated with "basal" insulin regarding symptomatic nocturnal hypoglycaemic events. Until long-term efficacy and safety data are available, we suggest a cautious approach to therapy with insulin glargine or detemir.
382 citations
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TL;DR: Short-term fasting or treatment with several chemically unrelated autophagy-inducing CRMs, including hydroxycitrate and spermidine, improved the inhibition of tumor growth by chemotherapy in vivo and improved anticancer immunosurveillance and reducing tumor mass.
382 citations
Authors
Showing all 18136 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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David Haussler | 172 | 488 | 224960 |
Russel J. Reiter | 169 | 1646 | 121010 |
Frederik Barkhof | 154 | 1449 | 104982 |
Philip Scheltens | 140 | 1175 | 107312 |
Christopher D.M. Fletcher | 138 | 674 | 82484 |
Jennifer S. Haas | 128 | 840 | 71315 |
Jelena Krstic | 126 | 839 | 73457 |
Michael A. Kamm | 124 | 637 | 53606 |
Frances H. Arnold | 119 | 510 | 49651 |
Gert Pfurtscheller | 117 | 507 | 62873 |
Georg Kresse | 111 | 430 | 244729 |
Manfred T. Reetz | 110 | 959 | 42941 |
Alois Fürstner | 108 | 459 | 43085 |
David N. Herndon | 108 | 1227 | 54888 |
David J. Williams | 107 | 2060 | 62440 |