Institution
University of Greenland
Education•Nuuk, Greenland•
About: University of Greenland is a education organization based out in Nuuk, Greenland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Arctic. The organization has 90 authors who have published 203 publications receiving 3958 citations. The organization is also known as: University of Greenland & Grønlands Universitet.
Topics: Population, Arctic, Public health, Health care, Mental health
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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James Bentham1, Mariachiara Di Cesare2, Mariachiara Di Cesare1, Gretchen A Stevens3 +787 more•Institutions (246)
TL;DR: The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
Abstract: Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3–19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8–144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
1,348 citations
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TL;DR: A scan of Inuit genomes for signatures of adaptation revealed signals at several loci, with the strongest signal located in a cluster of fatty acid desaturases that determine PUFA levels, which indicates that the Inuit have genetic and physiological adaptations to a diet rich in PUFAs.
Abstract: The indigenous people of Greenland, the Inuit, have lived for a long time in the extreme conditions of the Arctic, including low annual temperatures, and with a specialized diet rich in protein and fatty acids, particularly omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). A scan of Inuit genomes for signatures of adaptation revealed signals at several loci, with the strongest signal located in a cluster of fatty acid desaturases that determine PUFA levels. The selected alleles are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric phenotypes and have large effect sizes for weight and height, with the effect on height replicated in Europeans. By analyzing membrane lipids, we found that the selected alleles modulate fatty acid composition, which may affect the regulation of growth hormones. Thus, the Inuit have genetic and physiological adaptations to a diet rich in PUFAs.
384 citations
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University of Copenhagen1, Technical University of Denmark2, University of Greenland3, American Museum of Natural History4, Spanish National Research Council5, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences6, University of Tübingen7, North-Eastern Federal University8, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies9, Curtin University10, Norwegian University of Science and Technology11
TL;DR: The observations suggest that the BGISEQ-500 holds the potential to represent a valid and potentially valuable alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation that is worthy of future exploration by those interested in the sequencing and analysis of degraded DNA.
Abstract: Ancient DNA research has been revolutionized following development of next-generation sequencing platforms. Although a number of such platforms have been applied to ancient DNA samples, the Illumina series are the dominant choice today, mainly because of high production capacities and short read production. Recently a potentially attractive alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation has been developed, the BGISEQ-500, whose sequence output are comparable with the Illumina series. In this study, we modified the standard BGISEQ-500 library preparation specifically for use on degraded DNA, then directly compared the sequencing performance and data quality of the BGISEQ-500 to the Illumina HiSeq2500 platform on DNA extracted from 8 historic and ancient dog and wolf samples. The data generated were largely comparable between sequencing platforms, with no statistically significant difference observed for parameters including level (P = 0.371) and average sequence length (P = 0718) of endogenous nuclear DNA, sequence GC content (P = 0.311), double-stranded DNA damage rate (v. 0.309), and sequence clonality (P = 0.093). Small significant differences were found in single-strand DNA damage rate (δS; slightly lower for the BGISEQ-500, P = 0.011) and the background rate of difference from the reference genome (θ; slightly higher for BGISEQ-500, P = 0.012). This may result from the differences in amplification cycles used to polymerase chain reaction-amplify the libraries. A significant difference was also observed in the mitochondrial DNA percentages recovered (P = 0.018), although we believe this is likely a stochastic effect relating to the extremely low levels of mitochondria that were sequenced from 3 of the samples with overall very low levels of endogenous DNA. Although we acknowledge that our analyses were limited to animal material, our observations suggest that the BGISEQ-500 holds the potential to represent a valid and potentially valuable alternative platform for palaeogenomic data generation that is worthy of future exploration by those interested in the sequencing and analysis of degraded DNA.
282 citations
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University of Copenhagen1, Russian Academy of Sciences2, Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics3, University of Lisbon4, University of Bern5, Technical University of Denmark6, University of Chicago7, Chinese Academy of Sciences8, Leiden University9, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute10, University of Cambridge11, University of Greenland12, American Museum of Natural History13, National Institutes of Health14, University of Helsinki15, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign16, University of Gothenburg17, University of Turku18, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute19, University of California, Berkeley20, Southern Methodist University21
TL;DR: Analysis of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes from northeastern Siberia reveal at least three major migration events in the late Pleistocene population history of the region, including an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of ‘Ancient North Siberians’ and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, which generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples.
Abstract: Northeastern Siberia has been inhabited by humans for more than 40,000 years but its deep population history remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the late Pleistocene population history of northeastern Siberia through analyses of 34 newly recovered ancient genomes that date to between 31,000 and 600 years ago. We document complex population dynamics during this period, including at least three major migration events: an initial peopling by a previously unknown Palaeolithic population of ‘Ancient North Siberians’ who are distantly related to early West Eurasian hunter-gatherers; the arrival of East Asian-related peoples, which gave rise to ‘Ancient Palaeo-Siberians’ who are closely related to contemporary communities from far-northeastern Siberia (such as the Koryaks), as well as Native Americans; and a Holocene migration of other East Asian-related peoples, who we name ‘Neo-Siberians’, and from whom many contemporary Siberians are descended. Each of these population expansions largely replaced the earlier inhabitants, and ultimately generated the mosaic genetic make-up of contemporary peoples who inhabit a vast area across northern Eurasia and the Americas. Analyses of 34 ancient genomes from northeastern Siberia, dating to between 31,000 and 600 years ago, reveal at least three major migration events in the late Pleistocene population history of the region.
211 citations
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TL;DR: Individuals from a Greenlandic Inuit population with homozygous loss-of-function variants in ADCY3 (adenylate cyclase 3) have increased risk for obesity and type 2 diabetes and carriers of rare ADCy3 variants in trans-ancestry populations also show increased association with type 1 diabetes.
Abstract: We have identified a variant in ADCY3 (encoding adenylate cyclase 3) associated with markedly increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes in the Greenlandic population. The variant disrupts a splice acceptor site, and carriers have decreased ADCY3 RNA expression. Additionally, we observe an enrichment of rare ADCY3 loss-of-function variants among individuals with type 2 diabetes in trans-ancestry cohorts. These findings provide new information on disease etiology relevant for future treatment strategies.
136 citations
Authors
Showing all 94 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Anna-Maria Andersson | 72 | 248 | 16481 |
Christian Sonne | 57 | 390 | 11090 |
Marit E. Jørgensen | 51 | 299 | 12853 |
Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen | 48 | 184 | 6948 |
Peter Bjerregaard | 46 | 272 | 19944 |
Eva Cecilie Bonefeld-Jørgensen | 44 | 154 | 6670 |
Anders J. Hansen | 38 | 142 | 6181 |
Anders Koch | 36 | 125 | 3565 |
Stig Andersen | 36 | 194 | 5058 |
Gert Mulvad | 28 | 81 | 2277 |
Preben Homøe | 25 | 133 | 2642 |
Mikkel-Holger S. Sinding | 25 | 74 | 1805 |
Adam Grydehøj | 19 | 45 | 819 |
Morten Meldgaard | 19 | 34 | 2342 |
Lise Hounsgaard | 18 | 82 | 896 |