Showing papers by "University of Grenoble published in 1983"
TL;DR: In this paper, a description of high-spin phenomena in atomic nuclei is presented from both the experimental and theoretical points of view, and the characteristic features of collective nuclear motion, such as rotational bands, band crossings, and backbending, as well as noncollective aspects, like high spin isomers and irregular decay patterns are discussed in detail.
Abstract: A description of high-spin phenomena in atomic nuclei is presented from both the experimental and theoretical points of view. The characteristic features of collective nuclear motion, such as rotational bands, band crossings, and backbending, as well as noncollective aspects, like high-spin isomers and irregular decay patterns, are discussed in detail. Recent achievements of the cranking model including the independent quasiparticle and the shell correction methods are reviewed. Changes in the structure of nuclei excited up to the highest possible angular momenta are analyzed; in particular, angular momentum alignment effects, shape changes, possible phase transitions, and sudden rearrangements in the single-particle structure are discussed. Phenomena related to the nuclear quasicontinuum spectra are also examined.
197 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors show a departure from spherical symmetry in the P-velocity distribution in the vicinity of the inner core boundary of the Earth and show that this pattern may reflect a departure of spherical symmetry.
Abstract: The core of the Earth is usually described by spherically-symmetrical velocity models. The core is made of two main spherical layers: the fluid outer core with a radius close to 3,480 km and a P-velocity increasing with depth from 8 km s−1 to 10.3 km s−1, and the solid inner core with a radius of 1,220 km and a P-velocity close to 11 km s−1 (refs 1, 2). Station residuals of the seismic core phase PKIKP have been computed for 400 seismological observatories worldwide using 5 yr of the International Seismological Centre (ISC) Bulletins. PKIKP travel times can be corrected for upper mantle propagation by subtracting P delays; thus PKIKP–P residuals are a measurement of the average vertical travel times in the lower mantle and in the core of the Earth beneath seismic stations. A spherical harmonic development of PKIKP–P delays up to degree 4 explains 58% of the variance in the data. PKIKP–P exhibit a latitudinal dependence: polar stations tend to be faster than equatorial stations. We show here that this pattern may reflect a departure from spherical symmetry in the P-velocity distribution in the vicinity of the inner core boundary of the Earth.
195 citations
TL;DR: It is found that the polarity in the free catalytic site is lower than that of water, a further and large decrease is observed when the enzyme is phosphorylated by Pi, and this polarity change is specifically associated with the formation of the ADP‐insensitive phosphoenzyme.
90 citations
53 citations
TL;DR: Binding experiments with two different nick translated fragments of spinach chloroplast DNA show that the 80 and 75 Kd polypeptides possess a strong DNA binding capacity.
Abstract: Spinach DNA dependent RNA polymerase was purified from isolated chloroplasts by two different procedures. Analysis of the protein composition of the two preparations by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis always shows six abundant polypeptides with Mr of 150, 110, 102, 80, 75 and 38 Kd and one less abundant polypeptide of 25 Kd. Some other proteins ranging from 40–70 Kd in Mr are also detected but in a minor and variable amount. The two preparations have an optimum of enzyme activity at 30°C and at 15 mM (NH4)2SO4 when tested with denatured calf thymus DNA. Binding experiments with two different nick translated fragments of spinach chloroplast DNA show that the 80 and 75 Kd polypeptides possess a strong DNA binding capacity.
49 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the volume change between the various sectors of the same heterogeneously deformed layer (fold, shear zone) by comparing the chemical composition of deformed sectors with that of a reference sector is presented.
38 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the essential features, construction details and performance of a phoswich detector are described, and results about the Z and mass identification, energy calibration and total energy response for protons, deuterons, tritons and alphas in the energy range from 20 up to 80 MeV are presented.
25 citations
Abstract: The analysis of the ABKX spectra of thirteen compounds of the series RC(H-K)(F-X)C(H-A)(H-B)X gave the four vicinal proton-proton and fluorine-proton coupling constants. These coupling constants of conformationally mobile structures were used (i) to calculate the populations of the rotational states of the CHFCH2 bond, (ii) to calculate the vicinal trans proton-proton J(HH)t and gauche and trans fluorine-proton coupling constants J(FH)g and J(FH)t and (iii) to give the unambiguous assignment of protons H-A and H-B. The dependence of the gauche and trans coupling constants with substituent electronegativity is explored. The results extend known correlations towards smaller electronegativity values. More quantitatively, the results and those in the literature, excluding those where deformations of torsional or bond angles occur, give a good fit of the data: a linear fit for J(HH)t = 15.0-0.77 Σ(ΔE), an exponential fit for J(FH)g = 15.35 exp [-0.266 Σ (ΔE)] and a linear fit for J(FH)t = 65.75 - 7.52 Σ (ΔE), where Σ (ΔE) is the sum of the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and the six atoms or groups on the CHCF fragment.
20 citations
TL;DR: Deuteron-α scattering with n, p break-up is calculated in a three-body model with local interactions in this article, where the exclusion principle is taken into account in an approximate way.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the spectrum of pions down to 40 MeV at five angles between 30 and 134 degrees for three incident pion energies: 114, 163, and 240 MeV, where the spectrum is dominated by a broad peak due to quasielastic scattering from a single nucleon in the nucleus.
Abstract: Inelastic pion scattering from $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ has been studied by measuring the spectrum of pions down to 40 MeV at five angles between 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 134\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} for three incident pion energies: 114, 163, and 240 MeV. The spectra are dominated by a broad peak due to quasielastic scattering from a single nucleon in the nucleus. The systematics of the spectra are discussed with emphasis on the pion-nucleus interaction dynamics including the effect of absorption. The partial ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$-$^{16}\mathrm{O}$ cross sections for all nonradiative channels are estimated.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{16}\mathrm{O}(\ensuremath{\pi}, {\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ $E=114, 163, 240$ MeV. $\ensuremath{\theta}=30\ensuremath{-}134\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$, full inelastic spectrum measured; $\ensuremath{\sigma}(\ensuremath{\theta})$. Discussion of nuclear medium effects on quasifree processes, $\ensuremath{\Delta}$ propagation.
13 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the openness of accessibility sets implies complete controllability of a system on a manifold, at least in the case of a compact state space.
TL;DR: In this paper, the relative amounts of each conformer have been determined and agree well with previous determinations and the relative stability and polarity of the trans and gauche isomers are in good agreement with experimental data.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the influence of the distance between the obstacles on their wake length and on the vorticity conditions inside the wakes of an obstacle with semi-circular section and the reciprocal interaction of two obstacles placed perpendicularly to the flow.
Abstract: The present study fits in the frame of a research program concerning in general the dynamics of airflow in the atmospheric boundary layer and in particular the influence of terrestrial rotation on the movements of air masses interacting with natural extended obstacles (mountains). The experiment has been performed by the method of hydraulic simulation, using schematic models at reduced scale in a channel placed on a rotating platform. We only considered the case of a neutral atmosphere and studied the wake of an obstacle with semi-circular section and the reciprocal interaction of two obstacles of this kind placed perpendicularly to the flow. In this last case we investigated the influence of the distance between the obstacles on their wake length and on the vorticity conditions inside the wakes. Among the various results we obtained, the modifications of the velocity profiles over the reliefs and their dependence on the rotation velocity are particularly interesting. We discuss here our results from two different points of view, namely the purely hydraulic one (which includes the effects of different rotation velocities) and the atmospheric one, according to which the model simulates—with given reduction scales—an actual situation characterized by a fixed value of the Coriolis parameter. As to the first approach to the problem, we found that: 1) The roll with horizontal axis, which is observed behind an obstacle, becomes narrower and narrower as the rotation velocity of the platform increases, while its stability in time and its definition in space increase. In general, it may be said that rotation plays a stabilizing role for vortex dimensions and velocity profiles. 2) The transversal velocity behind the obstacles may attain values about twice the mean longitudinal velocity of the flow. 3) When rotating, the roll is thicker at its left edge than on the right one, due to the transversal flux which provides fluid supply. 4) When the thickness of the boundary layer is increased by making the channel bottom rough, the above-mentioned phenomena are emphasized; moreover, with a second obstacle placed in the flow (and not too far from the first) the transversal velocity components increase, due to a canalization effect. 5) The accelerations of the low layers over the obstacles are strongly amplified by rotation, due to the action of Coriolis' force. As for the second approach, we checked the extent to which the simulation procedures adopted for our laboratory flows, and for their boundary conditions, can be representative of the features of atmospheric phenomena. In order to do that, we compared the dynamical structure of the low flow layers over the obstacle with the analogous structure observed in the field and in wind tunnel by other authors, as well as with the predictions of a few theoretical models. Inside the lowest part of the planetary boundary layer, where the overshooting due to the relief is confined, a good consistency was found among all these results, in particular for what concerns the maximum of overflow velocity.
TL;DR: In this article, a survey of the history of Q-analysis in the human sciences is presented, and the question of the meaning of mathematization in human sciences has been explored.
Abstract: Since each of the modern sciences—physical, biological, and human—broke their traditional ties with philosophy they have reflected less upon foundational problems of their methodologies. The essay constitutes an invitation to reflect upon Q-analysis in an historical perspective, raising the question of the meaning of mathematization in the human sciences. Functional description implies a mechanical framework for the human world. By enlarging the descriptive possibilities to the mapping and relation, Q-analysis raises the question of allowing and forbidding, but not requiring, geometries. It also opens up difficult questions of language in the human sciences, the constrained nature of current methodologies, the effects of aggregation, and a concern for proper definitions—including the notion of structure itself.
TL;DR: This work proposes a descriptive framework for the generation of lip slit shapes in French, beginning with no more than classifying feature [round] and specified, from the phonological level on, in closure maneuvers, then in positions, and finally in terminal shapes.
TL;DR: The role of the 3-phenolate oxygen of the pyridine ring, of the conjugate acid of the iminium nitrogen and of the carboxylate oxygen in ionic or hydrogen bond interactions in the determination of the stereochemistry is discussed in this paper.
Abstract: The fluorine NMR spectra of systems initially containing 0.05–0.1 M of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate and erythro-β-fluoroaspartate (or threo-β-fluoroaspartate) in D2O solution were examined over the pD range 1–12. The formation of the aldimine Schiff base gave only one stereoisomer, whcih was trapped with sodium borohydride. Reactions of pyriodoxamine 5′-phosphate and fluorooxaloacetate were examined under the same conditions. A mixture of two products was given, identified as two ketimine Schiff bases (E and Z isomers) with well characterized fluorine chemical shifts and 2J(DF) values. This mixture, trapped with sodium borohydride, gives the two reduced erythro and threo aldimines. The configurations and conformations of all reaction products were determined using the 3J(HF) values and their correlation with the fluorine chemical shift. The role of the 3-phenolate oxygen of the pyridine ring, of the conjugate acid of the iminium nitrogen and of the carboxylate oxygen in ionic or hydrogen bond interactions in the determination of the stereochemistry is discussed.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this paper, principal methods of time series analysis in view of applications in biology are surveyed, with the main emphasis on the detection and measurement of rhythms, including smoothing, regression, spectral estimation and periodogram analysis.
Abstract: The paper surveys principal methods of time series analysis in view of applications in biology. The main emphasis is the detection and measurement of rhythms. Methods of smoothing, regression, spectral estimation, periodogram analysis, complex demodulation, autoregressive model fitting,..., among others are discussed.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the geological structures of the eastern Calabrian Apenninic front within the Gulf of Taranto, southern Italy, using simple criteria such as the origin and volume of the sediment supply, and the relative ratio between sediments carried by the sinking plate and those directly supplied by the overriding margin.
Abstract: The geological structures of the eastern Calabrian Apenninic front within the Gulf of Taranto, southern Italy, are compared to those of a convergent margin, using simple criteria such as the origin and volume of the sediment supply, and the relative ratio between sediments carried by the sinking plate and those directly supplied by the overriding margin. Based on this criteria we distinguish four main types of sedimentary accretion occurring at convergent continental margins: (a) Pacific type, (b) Indonesian type, (c) Caribbean type, and (d) Apenninic type.
01 Jan 1983
TL;DR: In this article, some basic tools for the modeling of the dynamical properties of the diffuse interstellar medium are reviewed, including radiative losses, shocks, ionization fronts, and electron thermal conduction.
Abstract: Some basic tools for the modeling of the dynamical properties of the diffuse interstellar medium are reviewed. First, an overview of fluid mechanics is given. Then, basic phenomena are presented: radiative losses, shocks, ionization fronts, and electron thermal conduction. These tools and building blocks are then applied to model idealized versions of localized dynamical situations in the diffuse interstellar medium. Some observational constraints on global models of the interstellar medium are briefly discussed.
TL;DR: In this paper, les auteurs present les resultats d'essais mecaniques realises sur quelques echantillons de granodiorites provenant de batholites intrusifs dans les series antecam briennes du Sud-Ouest de l'Arabie Seoudite.
Abstract: Les auteurs presentent les resultats d'essais mecaniques realises sur quelques echantillons de granodiorites provenant de batholites intrusifs dans les series antecam briennes du Sud-Ouest de l'Arabie Seoudite.
TL;DR: The increase in the rate of synthesis of uracil nucleotides may be interpreted as an adaptative change of nucleotide metabolism in response to an increased requirement of precursors for RNA synthesis.
Abstract: The turnover of cardiac adenine and uracil nucleotides was studied in the hypertrophying rat heart by means of the kinetics of incorporation of labeled phosphate into the α-phosphate groups of nucleotides. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced either by chronic isoproterenol treatment (5 mg-kg-1 body wt. daily, s.c.) or by abdominal aortic constriction. In both experimental models, although the labeling of α-P groups of adenine nucleotides was at first unmodified, the incorporation of [32P]Phosphate into uracil nucleotides was accelerated early and the stimulation maintained for several days. The intramyocardial concentration of UTP and uracil nucleotides rose during the early phase of hypertrophy, while the ATP and adenine nucleotide pools were depleted. All of these alterations were more pronounced in isoproterenol-treated animals than in those with aortic stenosis. In this experimental model (isoproterenol treatment), the hypertrophy develops faster and is accompanied by a larger increase in cardiac RNA concentration. Thus, the increase in the rate of synthesis of uracil nucleotides may be interpreted as an adaptative change of nucleotide metabolism in response to an increased requirement of precursors for RNA synthesis. The possible limiting role of pyrimidine nucleotides in the hypertrophic process is discussed.
29 Sep 1983
TL;DR: L'osteosynthese de la clavicule par 2 plaques "1/3 de tube" de l'instrumentation A.O., superposees et engainees l'une dans l'autre, constitue donc un traitement extremement fiable and parfaitement recommandable de ces fractures.
Abstract: De 1968 a 1983, 414 osteosyntheses de la clavicule par plaque vissee ont ete realisees dans le Service d'Urgence et de Traumatologie de l'Hopital-Sud de Grenoble (Pr. H. BEZES). 383 pour fractures fraiches (dont 371 syntheses grâce a la plaque "1/3 de tube" de l'instrumentation A.O.), 24 pour pseudarthroses (dont 18 consecutives a un traitement orthopedique et 6 avec rupture de plaque apres traitement chirurgical), et 7 cals vicieux (tous consecutifs a un traitement orthopedique initial). Sur les 371 syntheses par plaque "1/3 de tube" : une plaque (32 fois), 2 plaques superposees et engainees (335 fois) - c'est le montage standard -, 3 plaques et engainees (4 fois). Ont ete observees 4 complications d'ordre generale et 45 complications d'ordre local : 28 benignes (10 problemes cutanes, 18 modifications du materiel metallique), 17 plus ennuyeuses (5 sepsis profonds, 12 pseudarthroses ou retard de consolidation dont 9 avec rupture d'implant). 284 resultats a long terme : sur le plan fonctionnel, 188 tres bons, et 71 bons, 5 assez bons et 20 passables -dont 13 seulement le resteront- ; sur le plan cosmetique, 114 bons, 65 assez bons, 80 passables. Sur les 24 syntheses pour pseudarthroses, une necrose cutanee et 3 nouvelles pseudarthroses. 20 resultats a long terme : sur le plan fonctionnel, 8 tres bons, 6 bons, un assez bon et 5 passables. Sur les 7 syntheses pour cals vicieux : 4 complications loco-regionales, 4 resultats a long terme : sur le plan fonctionnel, 3 tres bons et un passable ; sur le plan cosmetique, un bon et 2 assez bons. Nous obtenons globalement 90% de tres bons et bons resultats fonctionnels avec reconstitution d'une clavicule pratiquement anatomique. L'osteosynthese de la clavicule par 2 plaques "1/3 de tube" de l'instrumentation A.O., superposees et engainees l'une dans l'autre, constitue donc un traitement extremement fiable et parfaitement recommandable de ces fractures.
22 Dec 1983
TL;DR: Diverses moisissures produisent dans des conditions particulieres des mycotoxines et cette etude bibliographique regroupe les principaux resultats obtenus durant ces vingt dernieres annees, au sujet des quatre groupes les plus importants de mycotoxin.
Abstract: Diverses moisissures produisent dans des conditions particulieres des mycotoxines et cette etude bibliographique regroupe les principaux resultats obtenus durant ces vingt dernieres annees, au sujet des quatre groupes les plus importants de mycotoxines, les aflatoxines, les ochratoxines, la zearalenone et les trichothecenes. En partant des sources et de la presence dans l'environnement de ces toxines, ce travail traite le metabolisme de ces produits fongiques dans l'organisme animal en cas d'ingestion, conduisant a leurs effets toxiques aigus et chroniques, l'extrapolation de ces resultats chez l'homme etant discutee. Les hypotheses les plus probables de la biosynthese de ces mycotoxines sont presentees, de meme que les facteurs environnementaux influencant cette synthese, et particulierement ceux en rapport avec la production des aflatoxines. Du fait des faibles concentrations de ces toxines trouvees habituellement dans les denrees alimentaires, les principales methodes de routine pour l'analyse et le dosage des mycotoxines sont exposees (TLC- bi TLC), de meme que certaines methodes recentes encore peu utilisees (HPTLC - HPLC - GLC). Les risques qu'impliquent pour la sante humaine l'exposition a ces quatre categories de mycotoxines, sont evalues, les aflatoxines faisant l'objet d'un examen particulierement detaille.
TL;DR: In this paper, quelques sites de barrages pyreneens permet de mettre en evidence une rotation de la direction de compression regionale au cours du temps.
Abstract: L'etude de quelques sites de barrages pyreneens permet de mettre en evidence une rotation de la direction de compression regionale au cours du temps. L'histoire geologique et la cinematique de la fracturation conduisent a proposer une direction de compression ancienne NE-SW correspondant a la transformation senestre edifiant les structures majeures des Pyrenees. Les essais geotechniques (vitesses sismiques, essais au verin plat, essais dilatometriques, essais Lugeon) et la sismologie revelent une direction de compression actuelle NW-SE, differente de la precedente, et permettent d'interpreter les anisotropies mecaniques et hydrauliques des sites etudies. Aussi, pour la reconnaissance des massifs de fondation de barrages, l'implantation des essais doit-elle tenir compte du contexte geodynamique et structural du secteur etudie.