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Showing papers by "University of Grenoble published in 2005"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Theoretical and phenomenological implications of R-parity violation in supersymmetric theories are discussed in the context of particle physics and cosmology in this paper, including the relation with continuous and discrete symmetries.

949 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Focus is directed on the post-1980 experimental research on just-world theory, which proposes that people need to believe in a just world, and problems with this literature are discussed, including the unsystematic nature of the research.
Abstract: M. J. Lerner (1980) proposed that people need to believe in a just world; thus, evidence that the world is not just is threatening, and people have a number of strategies for reducing such threats. Early research on this idea, and on just-world theory more broadly, was reviewed in early publications (e.g., M. J. Lerner, 1980; M. J. Lerner & D. T. Miller, 1978). In the present article, focus is directed on the post-1980 experimental research on this theory. First, 2 conceptualizations of the term belief in a just world are described, the typical experimental paradigms are explained, and a general overview of the post-1980 experiments is provided. Second, problems with this literature are discussed, including the unsystematic nature of the research. Third, important developments that have occurred, despite the problems reviewed, are described. Finally, theoretical challenges that researchers should address if this area of inquiry is to advance in the future are discussed.

648 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a model applicable to ultrasound contrast agent bubbles that takes into account the physical properties of a lipid monolayer coating on a gas microbubble, including buckling radius, the compressibility of the shell, and a break-up shell tension.
Abstract: We present a model applicable to ultrasound contrast agent bubbles that takes into account the physical properties of a lipid monolayer coating on a gas microbubble Three parameters describe the properties of the shell: a buckling radius, the compressibility of the shell, and a break-up shell tension The model presents an original non-linear behavior at large amplitude oscillations, termed compression-only, induced by the buckling of the lipid monolayer This prediction is validated by experimental recordings with the high-speed camera Brandaris 128, operated at several millions of frames per second The effect of aging, or the resultant of repeated acoustic pressure pulses on bubbles, is predicted by the model It corrects a flaw in the shell elasticity term previously used in the dynamical equation for coated bubbles The break-up is modeled by a critical shell tension above which gas is directly exposed to water

579 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
21 Oct 2005-Cell
TL;DR: An RNA polymerase II complex that contains at least 12 novel subunits, termed the Integrator, in addition to core RNAPII subunits is described, which shows that Integrator is recruited to the U1 and U2 snRNA genes and mediates the snRNAs' 3' end processing.

445 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A new method for bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (EMD) based on Delaunay triangulation and on piecewise cubic polynomial interpolation is described, which shows its efficiency in terms of computational cost and the decomposition of Gaussian white noises leads to bidimensional selective filter banks.
Abstract: In this letter, we describe a new method for bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (EMD). This decomposition is based on Delaunay triangulation and on piecewise cubic polynomial interpolation. Particular attention is devoted to boundary conditions that are crucial for the feasibility of the bidimensional EMD. The study of the behavior of the decomposition on a different kind of image shows its efficiency in terms of computational cost, and the decomposition of Gaussian white noises leads to bidimensional selective filter banks.

269 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of parents' actual physical activity (PA) behaviour (role modelling) on children's physical activity and the indirect influence of parent's beliefs systems about their children's competence on childrens physical activity through children's self perceptions was investigated.

240 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
D. S. Armstrong1, J. Arvieux, R. Asaturyan2, T. Averett1, S. L. Bailey1, G. Batigne3, Douglas H Beck, E. J. Beise4, J. Benesch5, L. Bimbot, J. Birchall6, A. S. Biselli7, P. Bosted5, E. Boukobza5, H. Breuer4, R. D. Carlini5, R. Carr8, N. S. Chant4, Y. C. Chao5, Subhasis Chattopadhyay5, R. Clark7, S. Covrig8, A. A. Cowley4, D. S. Dale9, C. A. Davis10, W. Falk6, J. M. Finn1, T. A. Forest11, G. B. Franklin7, Christophe Furget3, D. Gaskell5, J. Grames5, K. A. Griffioen1, K. Grimm1, K. Grimm3, B. Guillon3, H. Guler, L. Hannelius8, R. Hasty12, A. Hawthorne Allen13, T. Horn4, K. Johnston11, M. K. Jones5, P. Kammel12, R. Kazimi5, P. M. King12, P. M. King4, A. Kolarkar9, E. Korkmaz14, Wolfgang Korsch9, S. Kox3, J. Kuhn7, J. Lachniet7, L. Lee6, J. Lenoble, E. Liatard3, Jianglai Liu4, B. Loupias5, A. Lung5, G. A. MacLachlan15, D. Marchand, J. W. Martin16, J. W. Martin8, K. W. McFarlane17, D. McKee15, R. D. McKeown8, F. Merchez3, H. Mkrtchyan2, Bryan J. Moffit1, M. Morlet, I. Nakagawa9, K. Nakahara12, M. Nakos15, R. Neveling12, S. Niccolai, S. Ong, S.A. Page6, V. Papavassiliou15, S. F. Pate15, S. K. Phillips1, Michael Pitt13, M. Poelker5, T. A. Porcelli14, T. A. Porcelli6, G. Quéméner3, B. P. Quinn7, W. D. Ramsay6, A. W. Rauf6, J. S. Real3, J. Roche1, J. Roche5, P. G. Roos4, G. A. Rutledge6, J. A. Secrest1, Neven Simicevic11, G. R. Smith5, D. T. Spayde12, D. T. Spayde18, S. Stepanyan2, M. Stutzman5, V. Sulkosky1, V. Tadevosyan2, Raphael Noel Tieulent3, J. Van de Wiele, W. T. H. van Oers6, E. Voutier, W. F. Vulcan, Glen A. Warren, S. P. Wells, Shawn Williamson, S. A. Wood, C. Yan, J. Yun, V. Zeps 
TL;DR: Measurement of parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering indicate nonzero, Q2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.
Abstract: We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 ≤ Q^2 ≤ =1.0 GeV^2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak interactions, are sensitive to strange-quark contributions to the currents of the proton. The measurements were made at Jefferson Laboratory using a toroidal spectrometer to detect the recoiling protons from a liquid hydrogen target. The results indicate nonzero, Q^2 dependent, strange-quark contributions and provide new information beyond that obtained in previous experiments.

217 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that any solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation whose initial vorticity distribution is integrable converges to an explicit self-similar solution called Oseen's vortex.
Abstract: Both experimental and numerical studies of fluid motion indicate that initially localized regions of vorticity tend to evolve into isolated vortices and that these vortices then serve as organizing centers for the flow. In this paper we prove that in two dimensions localized regions of vorticity do evolve toward a vortex. More precisely we prove that any solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation whose initial vorticity distribution is integrable converges to an explicit self-similar solution called “Oseen’s vortex”. This implies that the Oseen vortices are dynamically stable for all values of the circulation Reynolds number, and our approach also shows that these vortices are the only solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation with a Dirac mass as initial vorticity. Finally, under slightly stronger assumptions on the vorticity distribution, we give precise estimates on the rate of convergence toward the vortex.

215 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study found that attending an early, routine, preventive, outpatient visit delivered in a primary care physician’s office would improve breastfeeding outcomes and the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding reported at 4 weeks.
Abstract: Background. Despite growing evidence of the benefits of prolonged breastfeeding for mother and infant health, the rate of breastfeeding at infant age of 6 months remains below the Healthy People 2010 goal. The greatest decrease in the breastfeeding rate occurs during the first 4 postpartum weeks. Mothers who discontinue breastfeeding early are more likely to report lack of confidence in their ability to breastfeed, problems with the infant latching or suckling, and lack of individualized encouragement from their clinicians in the early postdischarge period. Observational studies suggest that primary care physicians can increase breastfeeding rates through specific advice and practices during routine preventive visits. However, robust scientific evidence based on randomized, controlled trials is currently lacking. Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether attending an early, routine, preventive, outpatient visit delivered in a primary care physician’s office would improve breastfeeding outcomes. Design. The study was a prospective, randomized, parallel-group, open trial. Setting. Participants were recruited at a level 3 maternity facility, with an average of 2000 births per year, in France. Participants. A total of 231 mothers who had delivered a healthy singleton infant (gestational age: ≥37 completed weeks) and were breastfeeding on the day of discharge were recruited and randomized (116 were assigned to the intervention group and 115 to the control group) between October 1, 2001, and May 31, 2002; 226 mother-infant pairs (112 in the intervention group and 114 in the control group) contributed data on outcomes. Intervention. Support for breastfeeding in the control group included the usual verbal encouragement provided by the maternity ward staff members, a general health assessment and an evaluation for evidence of successful breastfeeding behavior by the pediatrician working in the obstetrics department on the day of discharge, provision of the telephone number of a peer support group, mandatory routine, preventive, outpatient visits at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months of infant age, and 10 weeks of paid maternity leave (extended to 18 weeks after the birth of the third child). In addition to the usual predischarge and postdischarge support, the mothers in the intervention group were invited to attend an individual, routine, preventive, outpatient visit in the office of 1 of the 17 participating primary care physicians (pediatricians or family physicians) within 2 weeks after the birth. The participating physicians received a 5-hour training program on breastfeeding, delivered in 2 parts in 1 month, before the beginning of the study. Outcome Measures. The primary outcome was the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding reported at 4 weeks (defined as giving maternal milk as the only food source, with no other foods or liquids, other than vitamins or medications, being given). The secondary outcomes included any breastfeeding reported at 4 weeks, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding difficulties, and satisfaction with breastfeeding experiences. Classification into breastfeeding categories reported at 4 weeks was based on 24-hour dietary recall. Results. Ninety-two mothers (79.3%) assigned to the intervention group and 8 mothers (7.0%) assigned to the control group reported that they had attended the routine, preventive, outpatient visit in the office of 1 of the 17 primary care physicians participating in the study. Mothers in the intervention group were more likely to report exclusive breastfeeding at 4 weeks (83.9% vs 71.9%; hazard ratio: 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01–1.34) and longer breastfeeding duration (median: 18 weeks vs 13 weeks; hazard ratio: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.03–1.92). They were less likely to report any breastfeeding difficulties (55.3% vs 72.8%; hazard ratio: 0.76; 95% CI: 0.62–0.93). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the rate of any breastfeeding at 4 weeks (89.3% vs 81.6%; hazard ratio: 1.09; 95% CI: 0.98–1.22) and the rate of mothers fairly or very satisfied with their breastfeeding experiences (91.1% vs 87.7%; hazard ratio: 1.04; 95% CI: 0.95–1.14). Conclusions. Although we cannot exclude the possibility that findings might differ in other health care systems, this study provides preliminary evidence of the efficacy of breastfeeding support through an early, routine, preventive visit in the offices of trained primary care physicians. Our findings also suggest that a short training program for practicing physicians might contribute to improving breastfeeding outcomes. Multifaceted interventions aiming to support breastfeeding should involve primary care physicians.

208 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is shown that local OBCs leading to positive results in previous comparative studies do fulfil two requirements: they make use of incoming characteristic variables, and satisfy a consistency relationship between the model solution and some external data.

196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The evolution of SCM technology from the early days of software development to the present is discussed, with a particular emphasis on the impact that university and industrial research has had along the way.
Abstract: Software Configuration Management (SCM) is an important discipline in professional software development and maintenance. The importance of SCM has increased as programs have become larger, more long lasting, and more mission and life critical. This article discusses the evolution of SCM technology from the early days of software development to the present, with a particular emphasis on the impact that university and industrial research has had along the way. Based on an analysis of the publication history and evolution in functionality of the available SCM systems, we trace the critical ideas in the field from their early inception to their eventual maturation in commercially and freely available SCM systems. In doing so, this article creates a detailed record of the critical value of SCM research and illustrates how research results have shaped the functionality of today's SCM systems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: To investigate the correlation between fetal lung volume (FLV), measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postnatal mortality in newborns with prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), MRI is used.
Abstract: Objectives To investigate the correlation between fetal lung volume (FLV), measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and postnatal mortality in newborns with prenatally diagnosed isolated congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Methods In a 4-year prospective multicenter study, 77 fetuses with isolated CDH diagnosed between 20 and 33 weeks' gestation underwent fast spin-echo T2-weighted lung MRI. These MRI-FLV measurements were compared with a previously published normative curve obtained in 215 fetuses without thoracoabdominal malformations and with normal ultrasound biometric findings. FLV measurements were correlated with postnatal survival. The mean gestational age at MRI was 31.3 weeks. Results The measured/expected FLV ratio was significantly lower in the newborns with CDH who died compared with those who survived (23.6 ± 12.2 vs. 36.1 ± 13.0, P < 0.001). When the ratio was below 25%, there was a significant decrease in postnatal survival (19% vs. 40.3%, P = 0.008). Survival was significantly lower for neonates when one lung could not be seen by fetal MRI compared with those fetuses with two visible lungs on MRI (17.9% vs. 62.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusion In isolated CDH, FLV measurement by MRI is a good predictor of postnatal mortality due to pulmonary hypoplasia. Copyright © 2005 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Journal ArticleDOI
24 Nov 2005-Nature
TL;DR: The direct detection of the magnetic field in the core of the protostellar accretion disk FU Orionis is reported, and it is found that the field is very filamentary and slows down the disk plasma much more than models predict, which may explain why FU Ori fails to collimate its wind into a jet.
Abstract: Accretion disks are important building blocks in astrophysics and are found in a wide range of contexts, around protostars in star-forming regions and around supermassive black holes at the centre of galaxies. Magnetic fields are supposedly a key ingredient of these disks, yet no direct observations of these fields have been available to constrain existing disk models near the critical central regions. A new spectrograph/spectropolarimeter called ESPaDOnS, fitted on a 3.6-metre telescope on Mauna Kea in Hawaii, has now filled this gap. It has been used to detect a magnetic field in the core of FU Orionis, a variable star near Orion's ‘shoulder’. Models1,2,3,4,5 predict that magnetic fields play a crucial role in the physics of astrophysical accretion disks and their associated winds and jets6,7. For example, the rotation of the disk twists around the rotation axis the initially vertical magnetic field, which responds by slowing down the plasma in the disk and by causing it to fall towards the central star. The magnetic energy flux produced in this process points away from the disk, pushing the surface plasma outwards, leading to a wind from the disk and sometimes a collimated jet. But these predictions have hitherto not been supported by observations. Here we report the direct detection of the magnetic field in the core of the protostellar accretion disk FU Orionis8. The surface field reaches strengths of about 1 kG close to the centre of the disk, and it includes a significant azimuthal component, in good agreement with recent models5. But we find that the field is very filamentary and slows down the disk plasma much more than models predict, which may explain why FU Ori fails to collimate its wind into a jet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of the complexity of the soil layering on site effects in both time and frequency domain is investigated for the European test site of Volvi (Greece).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the redox properties of FeII adsorbed onto a series of FeIII (oxyhydr)oxides (goethite, lepidocrocite, nano-sized ferric oxide hydrate (nano-FOH), and hydrous ferric oxides (HFO)) have been investigated by rest potential measurements at a platinum electrode, as a function of pH (−log 10[H+]) and surface coverage.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured with high resolution (5 mm) on a 9 m long, 14C dated core from Lake Le Bourget (Savoie, France), spanning the last 7200 years as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Magnetic susceptibility (MS) was measured with high resolution (5 mm) on a 9 m long, 14C dated core from Lake Le Bourget (Savoie, France), spanning the last 7200 years. The strong correlation (R=0.85) of the MS with the silicate-borne suite of elements (Si, Al, Fe, Mg, K) and anti-correlation with the carbonate content (R =-0.87) allows it to be used as a proxy for the fluctuations of the abundance of riverborne clastic fraction versus authigenic carbonates in sediment. As the Rhone is the only river bringing a significant amount of silicate minerals to the coring site, the MS downstream is interpreted as a proxy of the Rhone suspended load discharge in Lake Le Bourget. This is confirmed over the last 3000 years by the good match with the evolution of hydrological activity of the Rhone as it is known through geomorphological studies of well-dated archaeological sites. Over the last 7200 years, the record is consistent with the regional record of lake water-level fluctuations. While the intensity of the MS...

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 2005
TL;DR: This paper illustrates Greta, an ECA following these principles which is being implemented in the context of the EU project MagiCster and shows how these aspects of an E CA can be modeled in terms of a belief and goal view of human communicative behavior.
Abstract: 1. INTELLIGENT BELIEVABLE EMBODIED CONVERSATIONAL AGENTS A wide area of research on Autonomous Agents is presently devoted to the construction of ECAs, Embodied Conversational Agents (Cassell et al. 2000; Pelachaud & Poggi, 2001). An ECA is a virtual Agent that interacts with a User or another Agent through multimodal communicative behavior. It has a realistic or cartoon-like body and it can produce spoken discourse and dialogue, use voice with appropriate prosody and intonation, exhibit the visemes corresponding to the words uttered, make gestures, assume postures, produce facial expression and communicative gaze behavior. An ECA is generally a Believable Agent, that is, one able to express emotion (Bates, 1994) and to exhibit a given personality (Loyall & Bates, 1997). But, according to recent literature (Trappl & Payr, in press; de Rosis et al., in press a), an Agent is even more believable if it can behave in ways typical of given cultures, and if it has a personal communicative style (Canamero & Aylett, in press; Ruttkay et al., in press). This is, in fact, what makes a human a human. More, an ECA must be interactive, that is, take User and context into account, so as to tailor interaction onto the particular User and context at hand. In an ECA that fulfils these constraints the communicative output, that is, the particular combination of multimodal communicative signals displayed (words, prosody, gesture, face, gaze, body posture and movements) is determined by different aspects: a. contents to communicate, b. emotions, c. personality, d. culture, e. style, f. context and User sensitivity. At each moment of a communicative interaction, all of these aspects combine with each other to determine what the Agent will say, and how. In this paper we show how these aspects of an ECA can be modeled in terms of a belief and goal view of human communicative behavior. We then illustrate Greta, an ECA following these principles which is being implemented in the context of the EU project MagiCster

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of actinides (An 5 Am and Pu! and lanthanides (Ln 5 La and Nd!) onto solid aluminum cathodes in a molten LiCl-KCl eutectic at 733 K was investigated.
Abstract: University of Grenoble, ENSEEG, 38402 Saint Martin d’He`res, FranceThis work presents a study on the electrochemical behavior of actinides (An 5 Am and Pu! and lanthanides (Ln 5 La and Nd!onto solid aluminum cathodes in a molten LiCl-KCl eutectic at 733 K. Cyclic voltammetry of these elements onto Al workingelectrode is carried out to estimate the reduction potentials of An and Ln and to predict the efficiency of an An/Ln separation byelectrolysis. Results show that the reduction of Am

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: There was no advantage in PFS with GD compared with CV; however, the CV regimen had higher rate of toxic events, mainly myelosuppression, and the herein, non-platinum-containing regimen could be considered as a rational alternative to the cisplatin-based doublet.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Consistent interpretation of nerve conduction studies is an important step in optimising diagnosis and treatment of nerve disorders and the suggested criteria may be useful for standardization in clinical neurophysiology.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A conceptual framework, called a megamodel, that aims at modelling large-scale software evolution processes, which are modeled as graphs of systems linked with well-defined set of relations such as RepresentationOf, ConformsTo, and IsTransformedIn.

01 Dec 2005
TL;DR: In this article, a numerical model based on static fatigue laws is proposed to model the time-dependent damage and deformation of rocks under creep, and an empirical relation between time to failure and applied stress is used to simulate the behavior of each element of the finite element model.
Abstract: We propose a numerical model based on static fatigue laws in order to model the time-dependent damage and deformation of rocks under creep. An empirical relation between time to failure and applied stress is used to simulate the behavior of each element of our finite element model. We review available data on creep experiments in order to study how the material properties and the loading conditions control the failure time. The main parameter that controls the failure time is the applied stress. Two commonly used models, an exponential tfexp (bs/s0) and a power law function tfsb0 fit the data as well. These time-to-failure laws are used at the scale of each element to simulate its damage as a function of its stress history. An element is damaged by decreasing its Young's modulus to simulate the effect of increasing crack density at smaller scales. Elastic interactions between elements and heterogeneity of the mechanical properties lead to the emergence of a complex macroscopic behavior, which is richer than the elementary one. In particular, we observe primary and tertiary creep regimes associated respectively with a power law decay and increase of the rate of strain, damage event and energy release. Our model produces a power law distribution of damage event sizes, with an average size that increases with time as a power law until macroscopic failure. Damage localization emerges at the transition between primary and tertiary creep, when damage rate starts accelerating. The final state of the simulation shows highly damaged bands, similar to shear bands observed in laboratory experiments. The thickness and the orientation of these bands depend on the applied stress. This model thus reproduces many properties of rock creep, which were previously not modeled simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that R. metallidurans CH34 may be suitable for the remediation of selenite- but not selenate- contaminated environments, and selenATE mostly follows an assimilatory pathway and the reduction pathway is not activated upon selenates exposure.
Abstract: Ralstonia metallidurans CH34, a soil bacterium resistant to a variety of metals, is known to reduce selenite to intracellular granules of elemental selenium (Se(0)). We have studied the kinetics of selenite (Se(IV)) and selenate (Se(VI)) accumulation and used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to identify the accumulated form of selenate, as well as possible chemical intermediates during the transformation of these two oxyanions. When introduced during the lag phase, the presence of selenite increased the duration of this phase, as previously observed. Selenite introduction was followed by a period of slow uptake, during which the bacteria contained Se(0) and alkyl selenide in equivalent proportions. This suggests that two reactions with similar kinetics take place: an assimilatory pathway leading to alkyl selenide and a slow detoxification pathway leading to Se(0). Subsequently, selenite uptake strongly increased (up to 340 mg Se per g of proteins) and Se(0) was the predominant transformation product, suggesting an activation of selenite transport and reduction systems after several hours of contact. Exposure to selenate did not induce an increase in the lag phase duration, and the bacteria accumulated approximately 25-fold less Se than when exposed to selenite. Se(IV) was detected as a transient species in the first 12 h after selenate introduction, Se(0) also occurred as a minor species, and the major accumulated form was alkyl selenide. Thus, in the present experimental conditions, selenate mostly follows an assimilatory pathway and the reduction pathway is not activated upon selenate exposure. These results show that R. metallidurans CH34 may be suitable for the remediation of selenite-, but not selenate-, contaminated environments.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It seems that motor speech subcomponents can be improved like other limb motor aspect, but that complex coordination of all speech anatomical substrates is not responsive to STN stimulation.
Abstract: Levodopa (L-dopa) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation treatments have been associated with both improvement and exacerbation of dysarthria in Parkinson's disease (PD). We report four cases illustrating variant responses of dysarthria to dopaminergic and STN stimulation therapies. Patients' motor disability and dysarthria were perceptually rated by the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) in four conditions according to medication and STN stimulation. Dedicated software packages allowed acquisition and analysis of acoustic recordings. Case 1, who had a severe off period aphonia, experienced improvement of speech induced by both levodopa and STN stimulation. In Case 2, both treatments worsened speech due to the appearance of dyskinesias. Case 3 had a dysarthria exacerbation induced by STN stimulation with parameters above optimal levels, interpreted as current diffusion from the STN to corticobulbar fibers. In Case 4, dysarthria exacerbation occurred with stimulation at an electrode contact located caudally to the target, also arguing for current diffusion as a potential mechanism of speech worsening. The presented cases demonstrated variant effects in relation to L-dopa and STN stimulation on speech. It seems that motor speech subcomponents can be improved like other limb motor aspect, but that complex coordination of all speech anatomical substrates is not responsive to STN stimulation. These hypotheses may be helpful for better understanding and management of STN stimulation effects on motor speech and skeleton-motor subsystems.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is suggested that alternate fasting could exert a beneficial antioxidant effect and a modulation of the oxidative stress associated with aging.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: An explicit upper bound of the minimal number νT,n of balls of radius 1/2 which form a covering of a ball of radius T >1/2 in ℝn, n is given.
Abstract: We give an explicit upper bound of the minimal number νT,n of balls of radius 1/2 which form a covering of a ball of radius T > 1/2 in ℝn, n \geq 2 The asymptotic estimates of νT,n we deduce when n is large are improved further by recent results of Boroczky, Jr and Wintsche on the asymptotic estimates of the minimal numberof equal balls of ℝn covering the sphere Sn-1 The optimality of the asymptotic estimates is discussed

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The stable efficacy of high-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on Parkinson's disease motor symptoms is confirmed and the safety and inocuity of the method legitimizes earlier operations, before impairment of the quality of life.
Abstract: Purpose of reviewDeep-brain high-frequency stimulation of the thalamus was introduced in 1987 to treat tremor, and was applied in 1993 to the subthalamic nucleus to treat advanced Parkinson's disease. High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus has become the surgical therapy of choice. Th

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The authors investigated whether people need to believe in a just world in part because such a belief helps people to work toward long-term goals and to do so in such a way that they are deserved.
Abstract: We investigated whether people need to believe in a just world in part because such a belief helps people to work toward long-term goals and to do so in such a way that they are deserved. We assessed participants' long-term goal focus and also their commitment to deserving their outcomes (via a psychopathy scale). In a second session, participants were then exposed to a victim whose situation did or did not contradict a belief in a just world. When the victim's situation contradicted a belief in a just world, the greater the participants' tendency to focus on long-term outcomes, the more they blamed the victim for her misfortune; but this relation only occurred for participants with a strong commitment to deserving their outcomes (i.e., those low in psychopathy). The results are consistent with our argument that, given the function of the belief in a just world proposed in this article, people would have a greater need to preserve the belief (e.g., by blaming victims of injustice) the greater their investment in long-term and deserved outcomes.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown how photons from separate emissions can be made indistinguishable, permitting their use for multiphoton interference, and the method might also allow the direct creation of n-photon entangled states.
Abstract: When a single emitter is excited by two phase-coherent pulses with a time delay, each of the pulses can lead to the emission of a photon pair, thus creating a "time-bin-entangled" state. Double pair emission can be avoided by initially preparing the emitter in a metastable state. We show how photons from separate emissions can be made indistinguishable, permitting their use for multiphoton interference. Possible realizations are discussed. The method might also allow the direct creation of n-photon entangled states (n > 2).

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the Navier-stokes equation is well-posed for arbitrary data in a function space that is large enough to contain the initial data of some self-similar solutions.
Abstract: We show that any solution of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equation whose vorticity distribution is uniformly bounded in L1(R2) for positive times is entirely determined by the trace of the vorticity at t=0, which is a finite measure. When combined with previous existence results by Cottet, by Giga, Miyakawa & Osada, and by Kato, this uniqueness property implies that the Cauchy problem for the vorticity equation in R2 is globally well-posed in the space of finite measures. In particular, this provides an example of a situation where the Navier-Stokes equation is well-posed for arbitrary data in a function space that is large enough to contain the initial data of some self-similar solutions.