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Showing papers by "University of Grenoble published in 2006"


Journal ArticleDOI
V. M. Abazov1, Brad Abbott2, M. Abolins3, Bobby Samir Acharya4  +814 moreInstitutions (74)
TL;DR: The D0 experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996 as discussed by the authors, and the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevoton and to enhance its physics capabilities.
Abstract: The D0 experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid-argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run I, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to D0.

425 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A companion to the preoperative and postoperative sections of the DBS consensus articles, this article reviews the published literature on the cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of DBS for PD.
Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, neuropsychiatric, autonomic, and other nonmotor symptoms. The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the motor symptoms of advanced PD is well established. However, the effects of DBS on the cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms are less clear. The neuropsychiatric aspects of DBS for PD have recently been of considerable clinical and pathophysiological interest. As a companion to the preoperative and postoperative sections of the DBS consensus articles, this article reviews the published literature on the cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects of DBS for PD. The majority of the observed neuropsychiatric symptoms are transient, treatable, and potentially preventable. Outcome studies, methodological issues, pathophysiology, and preoperative and postoperative management of the cognitive and neuropsychiatric aspects and complications of DBS for PD are discussed.

378 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The techniques used for physiological mapping are discussed and how various mapping strategies modify target selection and outcome following subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus internus (GPi), and ventralis intermedius (Vim) deep brain stimulation is addressed.
Abstract: The vast majority of centers use electrophysiological mapping techniques to finalize target selection during the implantation of deep brain stimulation (DBS) leads for the treatment of Parkinson's disease and tremor. This review discusses the techniques used for physiological mapping and addresses the questions of how various mapping strategies modify target selection and outcome following subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus internus (GPi), and ventralis intermedius (Vim) deep brain stimulation. Mapping strategies vary greatly across centers, but can be broadly categorized into those that use microelectrode or semimicroelectrode techniques to optimize position prior to implantation and macrostimulation through a macroelectrode or the DBS lead, and those that rely solely on macrostimulation and its threshold for clinical effects (benefits and side effects). Microelectrode criteria for implantation into the STN or GPi include length of the nucleus recorded, presence of movement-responsive neurons, and/or distance from the borders with adjacent structures. However, the threshold for the production of clinical benefits relative to side effects is, in most centers, the final, and sometimes only, determinant of DBS electrode position. Macrostimulation techniques for mapping, the utility of microelectrode mapping is reflected in its modification of electrode position in 17% to 87% of patients undergoing STN DBS, with average target adjustments of 1 to 4 mm. Nevertheless, with the absence of class I data, and in consideration of the large number of variables that impact clinical outcome, it is not possible to conclude that one technique is superior to the other in so far as motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale outcome is concerned. Moreover, mapping technique is only one out of many variables that determine the outcome. The increase in surgical risk of intracranial hemorrhage correlated to the number of microelectrode trajectories must be considered against the risk of suboptimal benefits related to omission of this technique.

321 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, X-ray diffraction and Mn K-edge extended Xray absorption structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy were combined to elaborate a structural model for phyllomanganates (layer-type Mn oxides) lacking 3D ordering.
Abstract: X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Mn K-edge extended X-ray absorption Þ ne structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy were combined to elaborate a structural model for phyllomanganates (layer-type Mn oxides) lacking 3D ordering (turbostratic stacking). These techniques were applied to a sample produced by a common soil and freshwater bacterium (Pseudomonas putida), and to two synthetic analogs, δ-MnO2 and acid birnessite, obtained by the reduction of potassium permanganate with MnCl2 and HCl, respectively. To interpret the diffraction and spectroscopic data, we applied an XRD simulation technique utilized previously for well-crystallized birnessite varieties, complementing this approach with single-scattering-path simulations of the Mn K-edge EXAFS spectra. Our structural analyses revealed that all three Mn oxides have an hexagonal layer symmetry with layers comprising edgesharing Mn 4+ O6 octahedra and cation vacancies, but no layer Mn 3+ O6 octahedra. The proportion of cation vacancies in the layers ranged from 6 to 17%, these vacancies being charge-compensated in the interlayer by protons, alkali metals, and Mn atoms, in amounts that vary with the phyllomanganate species and synthesis medium. Both vacancies and interlayer Mn were most abundant in the biogenic oxide. The diffracting crystallites contained three to six randomly stacked layers and have coherent scattering domains of 19–42 A in the c* direction, and of 60–85 A in the a-b plane. Thus, the Mn oxides investigated here are nanoparticles that bear signiÞ cant permanent structural charge resulting from cation layer vacancies and variable surface charge from unsaturated O atoms at layer edges.

307 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
01 Apr 2006-Elements
TL;DR: A comparison of occurrences in the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mekong, and Red River basins shows that common geological characteristics include (1) river drainage from the rapidly weathering Himalayas, (2) rapidly buried organic-bearing and relatively young (ca. Holocene) sediments, and (3) very low, basinwide hydraulic gradients as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Arsenic concentrations in shallow, reducing groundwaters in Bengal, Southeast Asia, and elsewhere constitute a major hazard to the health of people using these waters for drinking, cooking, or irrigation. A comparison of occurrences in the Ganges-Brahmaputra, Mekong, and Red River basins shows that common geological characteristics include (1) river drainage from the rapidly weathering Himalayas, (2) rapidly buried organic-bearing and relatively young (ca. Holocene) sediments, and (3) very low, basin-wide hydraulic gradients. Anaerobic microbial respiration, utilizing either sedimentary or surface-derived organic carbon, is one important process contributing to the mobilization of arsenic from host minerals, notably hydrous iron oxides. In spite of the paucity of data from before the extensive development of groundwater pumping in these areas, there is sufficient evidence to make a prima facie case that human activity might exacerbate arsenic release into these groundwaters. The difficulties in implementing comprehensive groundwater remediation suggest serious attention should be given to developing treatment technologies for alternative surface-water supplies.

268 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the surface roughness of a recently exhumed strike-slip fault plane has been measured by three independent 3D portable laser scanners at a resolution ranging from 5 mm to 80 mm.
Abstract: [1] The surface roughness of a recently exhumed strike-slip fault plane has been measured by three independent 3D portable laser scanners. Digital elevation models of several fault surface areas, from 1 m2 to 600 m2, have been measured at a resolution ranging from 5 mm to 80 mm. Out of plane height fluctuations are described by non-Gaussian distribution with exponential long range tails. Statistical scaling analyses show that the striated fault surface exhibits self-affine scaling invariance with a small but significant directional morphological anisotropy that can be described by two scaling roughness exponents, H1 = 0.7 in the direction of slip and H2 = 0.8 perpendicular to the direction of slip.

182 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This report outlines answers to a series of questions developed to address all aspects of the DBS surgical procedure and decision‐making with a systematic overview of the literature and by the expert opinion of the authors.
Abstract: Numerous factors need to be taken into account when implanting deep brain stimulation (DBS) systems into patients with Parkinson's disease. The surgical procedure itself can be divided into immediate preoperative, intraoperative, and immediate postoperative phases. Preoperative considerations include medication withdrawal issues, stereotactic equipment choices, imaging modalities, and targeting strategy. Intraoperative considerations focus on methods for physiological confirmation of a given target for DBS electrode deployment. Terms such as microelectrode recording, microstimulation, and macrostimulation will be defined to clarify inconsistencies in the literature. Advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be addressed. Furthermore, operative decisions such as staging, choice of electrode and implantable pulse generator, and methods of device fixation will be outlined. Postoperative issues include imaging considerations, including magnetic resonance safety, device-device interactions, and immediate surgical complications pertaining to the DBS procedure. This report outlines answers to a series of questions developed to address all aspects of the DBS surgical procedure and decision-making with a systematic overview of the literature (until mid-2004) and by the expert opinion of the authors. This is a report from the Consensus on Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease, a project commissioned by the Congress of Neurological Surgeons and the Movement Disorder Society. It outlines answers to a series of questions developed to address all surgical aspects of deep brain stimulation.

167 citations


Journal Article
TL;DR: The definition of the epileptogenic zone, as proposed by Talairach and Bancaud, is an ictal electro-clinical definition based on the results of stereotactic intracerebral EEG recordings that emphazises the importance of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of seizure discharges, and not only their starting point.
Abstract: The definition of the epileptogenic zone, as proposed by Talairach and Bancaud, is an ictal electro-clinical definition based on the results of stereotactic intracerebral EEG (SEEG) recordings. It takes into account not only the anatomical location of the "site of the beginning and of the primary organization" of the epileptic discharge, but also how this discharge gives rise to the accompanying clinical symptoms. This definition is different from the North American view since, for the French authors, the epileptogenic zone is not synonymous with what can be called the "what-to-remove area". In fact, it is above all a conceptual definition which emphazises the importance of studying the spatio-temporal dynamics of seizure discharges, and not only their starting point.

158 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Sleep apnoea is the most frequent disorder associated with NAION and should be screened in this population of newly diagnosed patients, and at least a questionnaire related to obstructive sleep apNoea symptoms and assessment of sleepiness should be systematically proposed to patients with NAion.
Abstract: Aim: To evaluate newly diagnosed non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) patients for the existence of an associated sleep apnoea syndrome. Methods: Newly identified NAION patient underwent polysomnography. The prevalence of sleep apnoea in NAION patients was compared to the prevalence previously found in the general population. Hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, and atheromatous lesions of carotid vessels as classic risk factors associated with NAION were also identified. Results: 27 consecutive newly diagnosed NAION patients (18 men and nine women, mean age 65 (SD 8) years, body mass index 27.2 (3.8) kg/m2) were included in the study. 24 of these 27 NAION patients (89%) exhibited a sleep apnoea syndrome (respiratory disturbance index: 37.2/h (SD 18.3/h). Risk ratio for a NAION patient to have sleep apnoea was 4.9 compared to the general population (p Conclusions: Sleep apnoea is the most frequent disorder associated with NAION and should be screened in this population. At least a questionnaire related to obstructive sleep apnoea symptoms and assessment of sleepiness should be systematically proposed to patients with NAION.

157 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Cheng et al. as mentioned in this paper investigated the sorption of As(III) by calcite as a function of As (III) concentration, time and pH, and provided a molecular-level explanation for why As is trapped by calcites in industrial treatments.

150 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two simplified site-city configurations are considered: a homogeneous, periodically spaced city and a heterogeneous, nonperiodically spaced city, both on a constant-depth basin model.
Abstract: This work focuses on the analysis of the multiple interactions between soil layers and civil-engineering structures in dense urban areas submitted to a seismic wave. To investigate such phenomena, called site–city interaction (sci) herein, two simplified site–city configurations are considered: a homogeneous, periodically spaced city and a heterogeneous, nonperiodically spaced city, both on a constant- depth basin model. These 2D boundary-element method models are subjected to a vertically incident plane SH Ricker wavelet. A parametric study of the city parameters (density of buildings and their natural frequencies) and the thickness of the basin is carried out to characterize the sci and to investigate its sensitivity to some governing parameters. The following parameters are analyzed: building vibrations, induced ground motion, ground-motion perturbations inside and outside the city, spatial coherency, and kinetic energy of the “urban wave field.” A so-called site–city resonance is reached when the soil fundamental frequency and structure eigenfrequencies coincide; building vibrations and ground motion are then significantly decreased and the spatial coherency of the urban field is also strongly modified. Building density and city configuration play a crucial role in the energy distribution inside the city.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an approach for the designers to integrate remanufacturing constraints throughout the design process; mainly in the earliest phases, where the eco-methodology assists designers in two steps.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In the absence of randomised trials, boost radiotherapy should be considered in addition to surgery for breast-conserving treatment for DCIS and age, margin status, and radiotherapy dose were significant predictors of local relapse-free survival.
Abstract: Summary Background Outcome data in young women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) are rare. The benefits of boost radiotherapy in this group are also unknown. We aimed to assess the effect of boost radiotherapy in young patients with DCIS. Methods We included 373 women from 18 institutions who met the following inclusion criteria: having tumour status Tis and nodal status (N)0, age 45 years or younger at diagnosis, and having had breast-conserving surgery. 57 (15%) patients had no radiotherapy after surgery, 166 (45%) had radiotherapy without boost (median dose 50 Gy [range 40–60]), and 150 (40%) had radiotherapy with boost (60 Gy [53–76]). The primary outcome was local relapse-free survival. Findings Median follow-up was 72 months (range 1–281). 55 (15%) patients had local relapse. Local relapse-free survival at 10 years was 46% (95% CI 24–67) for patients given no radiotherapy, 72% (61–83) for those given radiotherapy without boost, and 86% (78–93) for those given radiotherapy and boost (difference between all three groups, p Interpretation In the absence of randomised trials, boost radiotherapy should be considered in addition to surgery for breast-conserving treatment for DCIS.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, a numerical model based on static fatigue laws is proposed to model the time-dependent damage and deformation of rocks under creep, and an empirical relation between time to failure and applied stress is used to simulate the behavior of each element of the finite element model.
Abstract: We propose a numerical model based on static fatigue laws in order to model the time-dependent damage and deformation of rocks under creep. An empirical relation between time to failure and applied stress is used to simulate the behavior of each element of our finite element model. We review available data on creep experiments in order to study how the material properties and the loading conditions control the failure time. The main parameter that controls the failure time is the applied stress. Two commonly used models, an exponential tfexp (bs/s0) and a power law function tfsb0 fit the data as well. These time-to-failure laws are used at the scale of each element to simulate its damage as a function of its stress history. An element is damaged by decreasing its Young's modulus to simulate the effect of increasing crack density at smaller scales. Elastic interactions between elements and heterogeneity of the mechanical properties lead to the emergence of a complex macroscopic behavior, which is richer than the elementary one. In particular, we observe primary and tertiary creep regimes associated respectively with a power law decay and increase of the rate of strain, damage event and energy release. Our model produces a power law distribution of damage event sizes, with an average size that increases with time as a power law until macroscopic failure. Damage localization emerges at the transition between primary and tertiary creep, when damage rate starts accelerating. The final state of the simulation shows highly damaged bands, similar to shear bands observed in laboratory experiments. The thickness and the orientation of these bands depend on the applied stress. This model thus reproduces many properties of rock creep, which were previously not modeled simultaneously.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is confirmed that the accuracy and consistency of tibial tunnel position can be improved by the use of computer-assisted navigation and that the clinical result in terms of laxity is more reliable.
Abstract: BackgroundPoor outcome in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is often related to tunnel position.HypothesisImproving accuracy of the tunnel position will lead to improved outcome.Study DesignRandomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.MethodsSixty patients were randomized to either standard instrumentation or computer-assisted guides to position the tibial and femoral tunnels. The results were evaluated on clinical outcome based on International Knee Documentation Committee form (laxity) and radiologic assessment: radiologic Lachman (Telos at 150 and 200 N) and analysis of the tunnel positions.ResultsInternational Knee Documentation Committee laxity was level A in 22 knees in the conventional group (mean, 1.5 mm at 200 N) compared with 26 navigated knees (mean laxity, 1.3 mm; P= .49). Laxity was less than 2 mm in 96.7% of the navigated group and 83% of the conventional group (P= .292). The variability of laxity in the navigated group was significantly less than in the conventional group, with...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article examined the relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams and found that a combination of high perceptions of an ego-involving but low perceptions of a task involving climate were associated with low perception of task cohesion at time 1.
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of perceived motivational climate to cohesion and collective efficacy in elite female teams. A total of 124 basketball and handball athletes completed two season measures (T1, T2). Relationships were examined at an individual level both statically and across time. Canonical correlations revealed that a combination of high perceptions of an ego-involving but low perceptions of a task-involving climate were associated with low perceptions of task cohesion at Time 1. High perceptions of a task-involving but low perceptions of an ego-involving climate were associated with higher perceptions of task cohesion and collective efficacy at Time 2. Moreover, low perceptions of an ego-involving and moderately low perceptions of a task-involving climate were associated with high perceptions of social cohesion at Time 2. Regression analyses including autoregressive influence indicated that a task-involving climate positively predicted variance in T2 group integ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This review summarizes the known classes of inhibitors that are either specific for BCRP or also inhibit the other multidrug resistance ABC transporters.
Abstract: Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) belongs to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily. It is able to efflux a broad range of anti-cancer drugs through the cellular membrane, thus limiting their anti-proliferative effects. Due to its relatively recent discovery in 1998, and in contrast to the other ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (MDR1/ABCB1) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1/ABCC1), only a few BCRP inhibitors have been reported. This review summarizes the known classes of inhibitors that are either specific for BCRP or also inhibit the other multidrug resistance ABC transporters. Information is presented on structure-activity relationship aspects and how modulators may interact with BCRP.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the mineralogical and trace element data indicate that the lithospheric mantle section represented by the xenoliths experienced a large-scale metasomatic event produced by upward migration of mafic silicate melts followed by percolation of low-T, alkali-rich melts and fluids.

Proceedings ArticleDOI
23 May 2006
TL;DR: A new interaction model called Mixed Interaction model is introduced that adopts a unified point of view on mixed reality systems by considering the interaction modalities and forms of multimodality that are involved for defining mixed environments.
Abstract: Mixed reality systems seek to smoothly link the physical and data processing (digital) environments. Although mixed reality systems are becoming more prevalent, we still do not have a clear understanding of this interaction paradigm. Addressing this problem, this article introduces a new interaction model called Mixed Interaction model. It adopts a unified point of view on mixed reality systems by considering the interaction modalities and forms of multimodality that are involved for defining mixed environments. This article presents the model and its foundations. We then study its unifying and descriptive power by comparing it with existing classification schemes. We finally focus on the generative and evaluative power of the Mixed Interaction model by applying it to design and compare alternative interaction techniques in the context of RAZZLE, a mobile mixed reality game for which the goal of the mobile player is to collect digital jigsaw pieces localized in space.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the adaptive optics instrument NACO at the ESO Very Large Telescope to obtain deep coronographic imaging to obtain new photometric and astrometric measurements of Gliese 86 B.
Abstract: Aims. We present the results of multi epoch imaging observations of the companion to the planetary host Gliese 86. Associated with radial velocity measurements, this study aimed at dynamically characterizing with the orbital properties and the mass of this companion (hereafter Gliese 86 B), but also at investigating the possible history of this particular system. Methods. We used the adaptive optics instrument NACO at the ESO Very Large Telescope to obtain deep coronographic imaging to obtain new photometric and astrometric measurements of Gliese 86 B. Results. Part of the orbit is resolved. The photometry of Gl 86 B indicates colors compatible with a ∼70 Jupiter mass brown dwarf or a white dwarf. Both types of objects fit the available, still limited astrometric data. If we attribute the long term radial velocity residual drift observed for Gl 86 A to B, then the mass of the latter object is ≃0.5 M ⊙ . We analyse both astrometric and radial velocity data to propose first orbital parameters for Gl 86 B. Assuming Gl 86 B is a ≃0.5 M ⊙ white dwarf, we explore the constraints induced by this hypothesis and refine the parameters of the system.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This study provides the only instance where alternative hypotheses on alpine breeding systems have been tested with prior access to independently quantified community-level flower visitation rates, and suggests early acquisition of autogamy with present-day pollinator conditions being adequate to maintain low visitation rates at all elevations.
Abstract: Unfavorable temperatures and weather conditions for biotic pollination in above-tree-line alpine habitats predict self-compatibility, high levels of autogamy and small flower size (“autogamy reproductive assurance hypothesis”), or alternatively, compensatory measures such as greater flower longevity and larger display size so as to capture scarce visits and maintain outcrossing (“increased pollination probability hypothesis”). We assess these possibilities in a fine-tuned study of Chaetanthera euphrasioides (Asteraceae) populations located above-tree-line in the Andes of central Chile, where prior, independently obtained information on community flower visitation rates is available. Visitation by flies and Andrenid bees was highly erratic in all populations and among years, and the rates well below the community averages. We found evidence for high levels of self-compatibility, equally high autogamous potential, low genetic diversity and high and similar FIS in all populations studied, associated with no clear trends in floral morphology. Strong decoupling of C. euphrasioides reproductive biology with community-level pollinator availability in the alpine fails to support either of the above-mentioned hypotheses and suggests early acquisition of autogamy with present-day pollinator conditions being adequate to maintain low visitation rates at all elevations. Our study provides the only instance where alternative hypotheses on alpine breeding systems have been tested with prior access to independently quantified community-level flower visitation rates.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Immunohistochemistry indicates that a reduction in caspase-3 activity and apoptotic cells by the extract could be responsible for the cardioprotection in ischemic-reperfused myocardium.
Abstract: The effects of kernel extract obtained from sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) seed on the postischemic cardiac recovery were studied in isolated working rat hearts. Rats were treated with various daily ...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the radial and azimuthal anisotropy in the upper mantle beneath southern and central Finland was measured by array analysis of fundamental-mode Rayleigh and Love waves.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the impact of short and medium-term transformations of the soil organic matter (SOM) on the major processes and parameters that enable or inhibit selenite transfers between the soil components (solid, liquid or gaseous).
Abstract: The aim of the study presented here is to determine the impact of short- and medium-term transformations (0–3 years) of the soil organic matter (SOM) on the major processes and parameters that enable or inhibit selenite, Se(+IV), transfers between the soil components (solid, liquid or gaseous). Three types of soil of similar mineralogical origin but containing diverse quantities and qualities of SOM were first contaminated with Se(+IV) and incubated at 28°C. Soils were sampled throughout the incubation period to characterise the mobility of Se (batch and soil column experiments) and also its fractionation within the soil compartments (selective extractions and size-density fractionation). The following are the main results obtained within the first month of incubation. (a) Selenium was partly volatilized during soil incubation (<0.1%), (b) Se extracted with CaCl2 (5×10−4 M) was equally small for the three soil samples (∼1–5%), suggesting that Se was strongly sorbed on the solid phase and (c) at least 10% of Se was associated to the particulate organic matter % MathType!Translator!2!1!AMS LaTeX.tdl!TeX -- AMS-LaTeX! % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaaeaart1ev0aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX % garmWu51MyVXgatuuDJXwAK1uy0HwmaeHbfv3ySLgzG0uy0Hgip5wz % aebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacH8qrps0lbbf9q8WrFfeuY-Hhbbf9v8qqaq % Fr0xc9pk0xbba9q8WqFfea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qq % Q8frFve9Fve9Ff0dmeaabaqaciGacaGaaeqabaWaaeWaeaaakeaada % qadaqaaiaabcfacaqGpbGaaeytamaaBaaaleaaieaacaWF+aGaaeyn % aiaabcdacqaH8oqBcaqGTbaabeaaaOGaayjkaiaawMcaaiaacYcaaa % a!414D! $${\left( {{\text{POM}}_{{ > {\text{50}}\mu {\text{m}}}} } \right)},$$ whereas 60% of Se was extracted with soil humic substances. These results suggested that both SOM quantity and quality played a significant role in selenium retention. Furthermore, comparison between experimental and predicted variations of CO2 fluxes (due to C mineralisation) and soil biomasses are presented. By this way, we estimated the capacity of the RothC model as an experimental gauging tool in the prediction of C turnover on a laboratory scale.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The pathologic findings of the resected cases described in this report describe the pathologic distinctions among atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and invasive adenocarcinoma.
Abstract: Sixty-five people had a resection of their baseline screen-diagnosed lung cancers in the Early Lung Cancer Action Program. Forty-nine of the carcinomas were solitary, and 42 of these were adenocarcinomas. More than 1 carcinoma was found in 16 patients after pathologic examination of the lobectomy specimen; 15 of the 16 second carcinomas were adenocarcinomas, mixed subtype. Eighteen cases were submitted by local pathologists as Bronchioloalveolar carcinomas but were found to be invasive adenocarcinomas according to the World Health Organization classification by the Pathology Review Panel. Of the 65 resected cases, 57 were N0, 7 were N1, and 1 was N2. Upon careful review of the lobectomy specimens, 49 cases had solitary malignancies, 30 were Stage IA, 13 Stage IB, 3 Stage IIA, 2 Stage IIB, and 1 Stage IIIA on the basis of the American Joint Committee on Cancer/International Union for Cancer Control criteria. In the 16 cases found to have multiple malignancies, 6 had histologically different carcinomas and the remaining 10 had histologically identical malignancies. Eighty-three percent (76/92) of the carcinomas invaded the stroma with destruction of normal lung, and 21% (19/92) also showed either pleural or angiolymphatic invasion, even though 88% (57/65) of the carcinomas were free of lymph node metastases. This report describes the pathologic findings of the resected cases. Histopathologic distinctions among atypical adenomatous hyperplasia, bronchioloalveolar carcinomas, and invasive adenocarcinoma are described in detail.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence is provided that the Gram-positive human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus harbors a protein-tyrosine kinase activity and that such activation mechanism differs from the activation mechanism previously proposed for Gram-negative bacteria.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that the system, initially in any state close to a reference state, approaches a repeated interaction asymptotic state in the limit of large times.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on two possible sources of Hg in tropical soils, (i) lithogenic Hg from in situ weathering of soil parental material, and (ii) exogenic hg from natural long-term atmospheric inputs and anthropogenic input from past and present industrial activities.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Direct tissue proteomic analysis is an original application of SELDI-TOF MS technology that can expand the use of clinical proteomics as a complement to the anatomopathological diagnosis.
Abstract: Background: New molecular profiling technologies can aid in analysis of small pathologic samples obtained by minimally invasive biopsy and may enable the discovery of key biomarkers synergistic with anatomopathologic analysis related to prognosis, therapeutic response, and innovative target validation. Thus proteomic analysis at the histologic level in healthy and pathologic settings is a major issue in the field of clinical proteomics. Methods: We used surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) technology with surface chromatographic subproteome enrichment and preservation of the spatial distribution of proteomic patterns to detect discrete modifications of protein expression. We performed in situ proteomic profiling of mouse tissue and samples of human cancer tissue, including brain and lung cancer. Results: This approach permitted the discrimination of glioblastomas from oligodendrogliomas and led to the identification of 3 potential markers. Conclusion: Direct tissue proteomic analysis is an original application of SELDI-TOF MS technology that can expand the use of clinical proteomics as a complement to the anatomopathological diagnosis.