Institution
University of Grenoble
Education•Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France•
About: University of Grenoble is a education organization based out in Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 25658 authors who have published 45143 publications receiving 909760 citations.
Topics: Population, Large Hadron Collider, Planet, Nanowire, Stars
Papers published on a yearly basis
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TL;DR: It is found that rituximab therapy can help pemphigus patients even after 6 years, in part by reshaping the B cell repertoire during reconstitution, allowing for long-term effects in addition to the short-term loss of pathogenic B cells.
Abstract: Pemphigus is a severe blistering condition of the skin and mucosa caused by autoantibodies directed against desmogleins, which are a type of keratinocyte adhesion protein. B cell depletion by rituximab has short-term efficacy against pemphigus. We aimed to assess the long-term course of pemphigus patients after B cell depletion and to understand the immunological mechanisms that mediate long-lasting remissions. We evaluated the clinical course of 22 pemphigus patients treated with rituximab after a 79-month median follow-up and compared the anti-desmoglein B cell response and B and T lymphocyte subpopulations and repertoire between patients who achieved complete remission (CR) and those who had incomplete remission (IR). Thirteen patients (59%) experienced CR during the study, including 10 patients off treatment and 3 patients with prednisone doses <10 mg/day; 9 patients had IR. A marked increase was observed in the ratio of CD19(+)CD27(-) naive B cells to CD19(+)CD27(+) memory B cells. Indeed, patients in CR had a fourfold higher number of transitional B cells and interleukin-10-secreting regulatory B cells than those in IR. Furthermore, CR was associated with modification of the initial B cell repertoire and the disappearance of desmoglein-specific circulating immunoglobulin G-positive (IgG(+)) B lymphocytes, whereas a skewed B cell repertoire was observed in patients in IR. Thus, a blockage of B cell maturation, a prolonged repopulation with naive B cells, and a delayed reappearance of memory B cells, which resulted in the disappearance of circulating desmoglein-specific IgG(+) B lymphocytes, contribute to the long-lasting effectiveness of rituximab for treating pemphigus.
195 citations
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TL;DR: The prepared bionanocomposites displayed good antibacterial activity against gram positive, gram negative, and gram negative bacteria and fungi, and the packaging films assisted in increasing the shelf life of white soft cheese.
194 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined serpentinites associated with eclogitic rocks from three areas: the Alps, Cuba, and the Himalayas, and identified two groups, primarily on the basis of Al/Si and Mg/Si ratios: forearc mantle serpentinite and hydrated abyssal peridotites.
Abstract: Serpentinites associated with eclogitic rocks were examined from three areas: the Alps, Cuba, and the Himalayas. Most serpentinites have low Al/Si and high concentrations of Ir-type platinum group elements (PGE) in bulk rock compositions, indicating that they are hydrated mantle peridotites. A few samples contain high Al/Si and low concentrations of Ir-type PGE, suggesting that they are ultramafic cumulates. Among the hydrated mantle peridotites, we identified two groups, primarily on the basis of Al/Si and Mg/Si ratios: forearc mantle serpentinites and hydrated abyssal peridotites. Forearc serpentinites occur in the Himalayas and along a major deformation zone in Cuba. All serpentinites in the Alps and most serpentinites in Cuba are hydrated abyssal peridotites. Himalayan serpentinites have low Al/Si and high Mg/Si ratios in bulk rock compositions, and high Cr in spinel; they were serpentinized by fluids released from the subducted Indian continent and enriched in fluid-mobile elements, and show high 87Sr/86Sr, up to 0.730, similar to the values of rocks of the subducted margin of the Indian continent. Although Himalayan serpentinites have a similar refractory geochemical signature as the Mariana forearc serpentinites, the former contain markedly high concentrations of fluid-mobile elements and high 87Sr/86Sr compared to the latter that were hydrated by subducted Pacific Ocean crust. The data indicate that the enrichment of fluid-mobile elements in forearc serpentinites depends on the composition of subducted slabs. Alpine serpentinites and most Cuban serpentinites show moderate Al/Si similar to abyssal peridotites. Hydration of peridotites near the seafloor is supported by micro-Raman spectra of earlier formed lizardite, high δ34S (+11 to +17‰) of sulphides, and elevated 87Sr/86Sr, ranging from 0.7037 to 0.7095. The data support the contribution of S and Sr from seawater and sediments. These serpentinites are not highly enriched in fluid-mobile elements because serpentinization occurred at a high water/rock ratio. Alkali elements are conspicuously unenriched in all serpentinites. This lack of alkali enrichment is explained by slab retention of alkalis. This is also consistent with the observation of relatively low alkali concentrations in volcanic front magmas, since partial melting related to the volcanic fronts is triggered by dehydration of serpentinites.
194 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors measured the inclusive charged particle transverse momentum distribution in proton-proton collisions at root s = 900 GeV at the LHC using the ALICE detector.
194 citations
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TL;DR: The vagus nerve is the longest nerve of the organism and a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system which constitutes the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with the sympathetic nervous system, which is a therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders where TNFα is a key component.
Abstract: The vagus nerve (VN) is the longest nerve of the organism and a major component of the parasympathetic nervous system which constitutes the autonomic nervous system (ANS), with the sympathetic nervous system. There is classically an equilibrium between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems which is responsible for the maintenance of homeostasis. An imbalance of the ANS is observed in various pathologic conditions. The VN, a mixed nerve with 4/5 afferent and 1/5 efferent fibers, is a key component of the neuro-immune and brain-gut axes through a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. A dual anti-inflammatory role of the VN is observed using either vagal afferents, targeting the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, or vagal efferents, targeting the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. The sympathetic nervous system and the VN act in synergy, through the splenic nerve, to inhibit the release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) by macrophages of the peripheral tissues and the spleen. Because of its anti-inflammatory effect, the VN is a therapeutic target in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders where TNFα is a key component. In this review, we will focus on the anti-inflammatory role of the VN in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The anti-inflammatory properties of the VN could be targeted pharmacologically, with enteral nutrition, by VN stimulation (VNS), with complementary medicines or by physical exercise. VNS is one of the alternative treatments for drug resistant epilepsy and depression and one might think that VNS could be used as a non-drug therapy to treat inflammatory disorders of the GI tract, such as IBD, irritable bowel syndrome, and postoperative ileus, which are all characterized by a blunted autonomic balance with a decreased vagal tone.
193 citations
Authors
Showing all 25961 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Dieter Lutz | 139 | 671 | 67414 |
Marcella Bona | 137 | 1391 | 92162 |
Nicolas Berger | 137 | 1581 | 96529 |
Cordelia Schmid | 135 | 464 | 103925 |
J. F. Macías-Pérez | 134 | 486 | 94715 |
Marina Cobal | 132 | 1078 | 85437 |
Lydia Roos | 132 | 1284 | 89435 |
Tetiana Hryn'ova | 131 | 1059 | 84260 |
Johann Collot | 131 | 1018 | 82865 |
Remi Lafaye | 131 | 1012 | 83281 |
Jan Stark | 131 | 1186 | 87025 |
Sabine Crépé-Renaudin | 129 | 1142 | 82741 |
Isabelle Wingerter-Seez | 129 | 930 | 79689 |
James Alexander | 129 | 886 | 75096 |
Jessica Levêque | 129 | 1006 | 70208 |