University of Grenoble

About: University of Grenoble is a education organization based out in Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 25658 authors who have published 45143 publications receiving 909760 citations.

Short Androgen Suppression and Radiation Dose Escalation for Intermediate- and High-Risk Localized Prostate Cancer: Results of EORTC Trial 22991

Abstract: PurposeUp to 30% of patients who undergo radiation for intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer relapse biochemically within 5 years. We assessed if biochemical disease-free survival (DFS) is improved by adding 6 months of androgen suppression (AS; two injections of every-3-months depot of luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist) to primary radiotherapy (RT) for intermediate- or high-risk localized prostate cancer.Patients and MethodsA total of 819 patients staged: (1) cT1b-c, with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≥ 10 ng/mL or Gleason ≥ 7, or (2) cT2a (International Union Against Cancer TNM 1997), with no involvement of pelvic lymph nodes and no clinical evidence of metastatic spread, with PSA ≤ 50 ng/mL, were centrally randomized 1:1 to either RT or RT plus AS started on day 1 of RT. Centers opted for one dose (70, 74, or 78 Gy). Biochemical DFS, the primary end point, was defined from entry until PSA relapse (Phoenix criteria) and clinical relapse by imaging or death of any cause. The ...

Large conservation gains possible for global biodiversity facets

Abstract: Different facets of biodiversity other than species numbers are increasingly appreciated as critical for maintaining the function of ecosystems and their services to humans While new international policy and assessment processes such as the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) recognize the importance of an increasingly global, quantitative and comprehensive approach to biodiversity protection, most insights are still focused on a single facet of biodiversity-species Here we broaden the focus and provide an evaluation of how much of the world's species, functional and phylogenetic diversity of birds and mammals is currently protected and the scope for improvement We show that the large existing gaps in the coverage for each facet of diversity could be remedied by a slight expansion of protected areas: an additional 5% of the land has the potential to more than triple the protected range of species or phylogenetic or functional units Further, the same areas are often priorities for multiple diversity facets and for both taxa However, we find that the choice of conservation strategy has a fundamental effect on outcomes It is more difficult (that is, requires more land) to maximize basic representation of the global biodiversity pool than to maximize local diversity Overall, species and phylogenetic priorities are more similar to each other than they are to functional priorities, and priorities for the different bird biodiversity facets are more similar than those of mammals Our work shows that large gains in biodiversity protection are possible, while also highlighting the need to explicitly link desired conservation objectives and biodiversity metrics We provide a framework and quantitative tools to advance these goals for multi-faceted biodiversity conservation

Optical soliton molecular complexes in a passively mode-locked fibre laser.

Abstract: Ultrashort optical pulses propagating in a dissipative nonlinear system can interact and bind stably, forming optical soliton molecules. Soliton molecules in ultrafast lasers are under intense research focus and present striking analogies with their matter molecules counterparts. The recent development of real-time spectral measurements allows probing the internal dynamics of an optical soliton molecule, mapping the dynamics of the pulses' relative separations and phases that constitute the relevant internal degrees of freedom of the molecule. The soliton-pair molecule, which consists of two strongly bound optical solitons, has been the most studied multi-soliton structure. We here demonstrate that two soliton-pair molecules can bind subsequently to form a stable molecular complex and highlight the important differences between the intra-molecular and inter-molecular bonds. The dynamics of the experimentally observed soliton molecular complexes are discussed with the help of fitting models and numerical simulations, showing the universality of these multi-soliton optical patterns.