University of Grenoble

About: University of Grenoble is a education organization based out in Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Context (language use). The organization has 25658 authors who have published 45143 publications receiving 909760 citations.

Edge-preserving Multiscale Image Decomposition based on Local Extrema

Abstract: We propose a new model for detail that inherently captures oscillations, a key property that distinguishes textures from individual edges. Inspired by techniques in empirical data analysis and morphological image analysis, we use the local extrema of the input image to extract information about oscillations: We define detail as oscillations between local minima and maxima. Building on the key observation that the spatial scale of oscillations are characterized by the density of local extrema, we develop an algorithm for decomposing images into multiple scales of superposed oscillations.Current edge-preserving image decompositions assume image detail to be low contrast variation. Consequently they apply filters that extract features with increasing contrast as successive layers of detail. As a result, they are unable to distinguish between high-contrast, fine-scale features and edges of similar contrast that are to be preserved. We compare our results with existing edge-preserving image decomposition algorithms and demonstrate exciting applications that are made possible by our new notion of detail.

Flexible Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Vertical Nitride Nanowires

Abstract: We demonstrate large area fully flexible blue LEDs based on core/shell InGaN/GaN nanowires grown by MOCVD. The fabrication relies on polymer encapsulation, nanowire lift-off and contacting using silver nanowire transparent electrodes. The LEDs exhibit rectifying behavior with a light-up voltage around 3 V. The devices show no electroluminescence degradation neither under multiple bending down to 3 mm curvature radius nor in time for more than one month storage in ambient conditions without any protecting encapsulation. Fully transparent flexible LEDs with high optical transmittance are also fabricated. Finally, a two-color flexible LED emitting in the green and blue spectral ranges is demonstrated combining two layers of InGaN/GaN nanowires with different In contents.

Impact of software engineering research on the practice of software configuration management

Abstract: Software Configuration Management (SCM) is an important discipline in professional software development and maintenance. The importance of SCM has increased as programs have become larger, more long lasting, and more mission and life critical. This article discusses the evolution of SCM technology from the early days of software development to the present, with a particular emphasis on the impact that university and industrial research has had along the way. Based on an analysis of the publication history and evolution in functionality of the available SCM systems, we trace the critical ideas in the field from their early inception to their eventual maturation in commercially and freely available SCM systems. In doing so, this article creates a detailed record of the critical value of SCM research and illustrates how research results have shaped the functionality of today's SCM systems.

Targeting the Achilles Heel of Multidrug-Resistant Cancer by Exploiting the Fitness Cost of Resistance

Abstract: The development of multidrug resistance (MDR) in patients suffering cancer remains a significant clinical challenge, with drug efflux by ABC (ATP-binding cassette) transporters contributing significantly. Strategies to circumvent the reduced drug accumulation conferred by these polyspecific efflux transporters have relied on attempts to develop drugs that bypass extrusion (often with a sacrifice in activity) or the exploration of clinical inhibitors that, although showing promise in vitro, have not translated to the clinic. Alterations that confer selective advantage during the evolution of cancer cells might also create vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically.1 As defined by Szybalski and Bryson, collateral sensitivity is a “phenomenon in drug-resistant cells (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) identified during most in vitro studies... [whereby] the development of resistance in cells to one agent can confer higher sensitivity to an alternate agent than seen in the original (parental) line”.2 In other words, the resistant cell line is more sensitive to a cytotoxin than the parental line from which it is derived (Figure ​(Figure1).1). From this perspective, resistance can be interpreted as a trait that could be targeted by new drugs. In this review, we discuss general mechanisms underlying collateral sensitivity and focus on small molecules reported to elicit increased toxicity in cells overexpressing one of the three major multidrug transporters. Such molecules (termed MDR-selective compounds) target multidrug-resistant cycling cells, suggesting that MDR ABC transporters could be considered as the ultimate “Achilles’ heel”—the exquisite spot to fatally wound a multidrug-resistant cancer cell. Herein, we discuss the potential of this emerging technology, cataloging MDR-selective compounds reported in the literature and highlighting chemical features that are associated with MDR-selective toxicity. Figure 1 Collateral sensitivity. Changes accompanying acquired resistance to drug A can be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental in the presence of drug B. Cancer cells tend to increase their fitness through the overexpression of efflux transporters that keep the ...