Institution
University of Grenoble
Education•Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France•
About: University of Grenoble is a education organization based out in Saint-Martin-d'Hères, France. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Large Hadron Collider. The organization has 25658 authors who have published 45143 publications receiving 909760 citations.
Topics: Population, Large Hadron Collider, Planet, Nanowire, Stars
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A tight correlation of fluorescence ratio values with hapten ratios is indicated, and the potential offluorescence ratio measurements for multiple color chromosome painting is identified, for chromosome identification.
Abstract: Comparative genomic in situ hybridization (CGH) provides a new possibility for searching genomes for imbalanced genetic material. Labeled genomic test DNA, prepared from clinical or tumor specimens, is mixed with differently labeled control DNA prepared from cells with normal chromosome complements. The mixed probe is used for chromosomal in situ suppression (CISS) hybridization to normal metaphase spreads (CGH-metaphase spreads). Hybridized test and control DNA sequences are detected via different fluorochromes, e.g., fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and tetraethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC). The ratios of FITC/TRITC fluorescence intensities for each chromosome or chromosome segment should then reflect its relative copy number in the test genome compared with the control genome, e.g., 0.5 for monosomies, 1 for disomies, 1.5 for trisomies, etc. Initially, model experiments were designed to test the accuracy of fluorescence ratio measurements on single chromosomes. DNAs from up to five human chromosome-specific plasmid libraries were labeled with biotin and digoxigenin in different hapten proportions. Probe mixtures were used for CISS hybridization to normal human metaphase spreads and detected with FITC and TRITC. An epifluorescence microscope equipped with a cooled charge coupled device (CCD) camera was used for image acquisition. Procedures for fluorescence ratio measurements were developed on the basis of commercial image analysis software. For hapten ratios 4/1, 1/1 and 1/4, fluorescence ratio values measured for individual chromosomes could be used as a single reliable parameter for chromosome identification. Our findings indicate (1) a tight correlation of fluorescence ratio values with hapten ratios, and (2) the potential of fluorescence ratio measurements for multiple color chromosome painting. Subsequently, genomic test DNAs, prepared from a patient with Down syndrome, from blood of a patient with Tcell prolymphocytic leukemia, and from cultured cells of a renal papillary carcinoma cell line, were applied in CGH experiments. As expected, significant differences in the fluorescence ratios could be measured for chromosome types present in different copy numbers in these test genomes, including a trisomy of chromosome 21, the smallest autosome of the human complement. In addition, chromosome material involved in partial gains and losses of the different tumors could be mapped to their normal chromosome counterparts in CGH-metaphase spreads. An alternative and simpler evaluation procedure based on visual inspection of CCD images of CGH-metaphase spreads also yielded consistent results from several independent observers. Pitfalls, methodological improvements, and potential applications of CGH analyses are discussed.
547 citations
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Dartmouth College1, Uppsala University2, Nagaoka University of Technology3, University of Copenhagen4, Heidelberg University5, Natural Resources Canada6, Oregon State University7, Centre national de la recherche scientifique8, Korean Ocean Research and Development Institute9, Swansea University10, University of Bern11, British Antarctic Survey12, University of Kansas13, National Institute of Polar Research14, University of Iceland15, Stockholm University16, Vrije Universiteit Brussel17, University of Colorado Boulder18, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research19, University of Washington20, Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute21, Desert Research Institute22, Hokkaido University23, University of Grenoble24, University of California, San Diego25, Université libre de Bruxelles26, Utrecht University27, Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research28, Max Planck Society29, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research30, ETH Zurich31, United Arab Emirates University32, Paul Scherrer Institute33, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne34, University of East Anglia35, Geological Survey of Canada36
TL;DR: In this paper, the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core was extracted from folded Greenland ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records.
Abstract: Efforts to extract a Greenland ice core with a complete record of the Eemian interglacial (130,000 to 115,000 years ago) have until now been unsuccessful. The response of the Greenland ice sheet to the warmer-than-present climate of the Eemian has thus remained unclear. Here we present the new North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling ('NEEM') ice core and show only a modest ice-sheet response to the strong warming in the early Eemian. We reconstructed the Eemian record from folded ice using globally homogeneous parameters known from dated Greenland and Antarctic ice-core records. On the basis of water stable isotopes, NEEM surface temperatures after the onset of the Eemian (126,000 years ago) peaked at 8 +/- 4 degrees Celsius above the mean of the past millennium, followed by a gradual cooling that was probably driven by the decreasing summer insolation. Between 128,000 and 122,000 years ago, the thickness of the northwest Greenland ice sheet decreased by 400 +/- 250 metres, reaching surface elevations 122,000 years ago of 130 +/- 300 metres lower than the present. Extensive surface melt occurred at the NEEM site during the Eemian, a phenomenon witnessed when melt layers formed again at NEEM during the exceptional heat of July 2012. With additional warming, surface melt might become more common in the future.
546 citations
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01 Sep 2011
TL;DR: Non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC), in patients with advanced stage disease, are to be classified into more specific types, such as adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma, whenever possible.
Abstract: Introduction: The American Thoracic Society is a cosponsor of a newly published lung adenocarcinoma classification.Methods: An international multidisciplinary panel of experts was formed. A systematic review was performed and recommendations were graded by strength and quality of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.Results: The classification addresses both resection specimens and small biopsies/cytology. The terms bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and mixed subtype adenocarcinoma are no longer used. For resection specimens, new concepts are introduced such as adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma for small solitary adenocarcinomas with pure lepidic growth and predominant lepidic growth with ≤ 5 mm invasion, respectively. Invasive adenocarcinomas are classified by predominant pattern after using comprehensive histologic subtyping with lepidic, acinar, papillary, and solid patterns; micropapillary is added. In the new ...
536 citations
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Université Paris-Saclay1, University of Savoy2, CERN3, Czech Technical University in Prague4, Technische Universität München5, University of Belgrade6, University of Santiago de Compostela7, University of Tokyo8, École des mines de Nantes9, Nanjing University of Science and Technology10, University of Cape Town11, Saint Petersburg State University12, Federico Santa María Technical University13, Utrecht University14, Duke University15, University of Bergen16, University of Auvergne17, Texas A&M University18, Iowa State University19, Bielefeld University20, Heidelberg University21, University of Grenoble22, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research23, Kent State University24, University of Lyon25, Goethe University Frankfurt26, Los Alamos National Laboratory27, University of California, Davis28, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory29, Central China Normal University30, Tsinghua University31
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors review the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark-Gluon Plasma.
Abstract: This report reviews the study of open heavy-flavour and quarkonium production in high-energy hadronic collisions, as tools to investigate fundamental aspects of Quantum Chromodynamics, from the proton and nucleus structure at high energy to deconfinement and the properties of the Quark–Gluon Plasma. Emphasis is given to the lessons learnt from LHC Run 1 results, which are reviewed in a global picture with the results from SPS and RHIC at lower energies, as well as to the questions to be addressed in the future. The report covers heavy flavour and quarkonium production in proton–proton, proton–nucleus and nucleus–nucleus collisions. This includes discussion of the effects of hot and cold strongly interacting matter, quarkonium photoproduction in nucleus–nucleus collisions and perspectives on the study of heavy flavour and quarkonium with upgrades of existing experiments and new experiments. The report results from the activity of the SaporeGravis network of the I3 Hadron Physics programme of the European Union 7
$$\mathrm{th}$$
Framework Programme.
535 citations
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08 Sep 2018TL;DR: In this article, a loss composed of a distillation measure to retain the knowledge acquired from the old classes and a cross-entropy loss to learn the new classes is proposed.
Abstract: Although deep learning approaches have stood out in recent years due to their state-of-the-art results, they continue to suffer from catastrophic forgetting, a dramatic decrease in overall performance when training with new classes added incrementally. This is due to current neural network architectures requiring the entire dataset, consisting of all the samples from the old as well as the new classes, to update the model—a requirement that becomes easily unsustainable as the number of classes grows. We address this issue with our approach to learn deep neural networks incrementally, using new data and only a small exemplar set corresponding to samples from the old classes. This is based on a loss composed of a distillation measure to retain the knowledge acquired from the old classes, and a cross-entropy loss to learn the new classes. Our incremental training is achieved while keeping the entire framework end-to-end, i.e., learning the data representation and the classifier jointly, unlike recent methods with no such guarantees. We evaluate our method extensively on the CIFAR-100 and ImageNet (ILSVRC 2012) image classification datasets, and show state-of-the-art performance.
528 citations
Authors
Showing all 25961 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Dieter Lutz | 139 | 671 | 67414 |
Marcella Bona | 137 | 1391 | 92162 |
Nicolas Berger | 137 | 1581 | 96529 |
Cordelia Schmid | 135 | 464 | 103925 |
J. F. Macías-Pérez | 134 | 486 | 94715 |
Marina Cobal | 132 | 1078 | 85437 |
Lydia Roos | 132 | 1284 | 89435 |
Tetiana Hryn'ova | 131 | 1059 | 84260 |
Johann Collot | 131 | 1018 | 82865 |
Remi Lafaye | 131 | 1012 | 83281 |
Jan Stark | 131 | 1186 | 87025 |
Sabine Crépé-Renaudin | 129 | 1142 | 82741 |
Isabelle Wingerter-Seez | 129 | 930 | 79689 |
James Alexander | 129 | 886 | 75096 |
Jessica Levêque | 129 | 1006 | 70208 |