Institution
University of Groningen
Education•Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands•
About: University of Groningen is a education organization based out in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 36346 authors who have published 69116 publications receiving 2940370 citations. The organization is also known as: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen & RUG.
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TL;DR: Les limites d'absorption des rayons X L 2,3 des composes 3d 0 sont calculees a l'aide de l'excitation 2p 6 3d0 a 2p 5 3d 1 , en incluant le champ cristalin.
Abstract: The ${L}_{2}$,3 x-ray-absorption edges of 3${d}^{0}$ compounds are calculated with use of an atomic description of the 2${p}^{6}$3${d}^{0}$ to 2${p}^{5}$3${d}^{1}$ excitation, with the inclusion of the crystal field. For reasons of clarity, we confine ourselves to ${d}^{0}$ compounds in octahedral symmetry, but the same approach is applicable to all other ${d}^{N}$ compounds in any point-group symmetry. The experimental spectra of ${\mathrm{FeTiO}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{Sc}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{ScF}}_{3}$, ${\mathrm{CaF}}_{2}$, and the potassium halides are well reproduced by the present calculations, including the previously misinterpreted small leading peaks. The splitting between the two main peaks in both the ${L}_{3}$ and ${L}_{2}$ edge are related, though not equal, to the crystal-field splitting. Comparison to experiment showed that the broadening of the main multiplet lines is different. This can be related to Coster-Kronig Auger processes for the ${L}_{2}$ edge and to a solid-state broadening which is a combination of vibrational (phononic) and dispersional broadenings. With the full treatment of the atomic multiplets, the atomic effects can be separated from solid-state effects, which offers a better description of the latter. This includes vibrational broadenings, the covalent screening of the intra-atomic Coulomb and exchange interactions, via the position of small leading peaks, and surface effects. The same general framework can be used to discuss crystal-field effects in both lower symmetries, with the possibility of polarization-dependent spectra (e.g., ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$), and partly filled d bands.
508 citations
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TL;DR: The competition between charge extraction and recombination is quantified by using a single parameter θ, and it is demonstrated that this parameter is directly related to the fill factor of many different bulk-heterojunction solar cells.
Abstract: Among the parameters that characterize a solar cell and define its power-conversion efficiency, the fill factor is the least well understood, making targeted improvements difficult. Here we quantify the competition between charge extraction and recombination by using a single parameter θ, and we demonstrate that this parameter is directly related to the fill factor of many different bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Our finding is supported by experimental measurements on 15 different donor:acceptor combinations, as well as by drift-diffusion simulations of organic solar cells in which charge-carrier mobilities, recombination rate, light intensity, energy levels and active-layer thickness are all varied over wide ranges to reproduce typical experimental conditions. The results unify the fill factors of several very different donor:acceptor combinations and give insight into why fill factors change so much with thickness, light intensity and materials properties. To achieve fill factors larger than 0.8 requires further improvements in charge transport while reducing recombination.
507 citations
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TL;DR: It is shown that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate.
Abstract: One consequence of climate change is an increasing mismatch between timing of food requirements and food availability. Such a mismatch is primarily expected in avian long-distance migrants because of their complex annual cycle, and in habitats with a seasonal food peak. Here we show that insectivorous long-distance migrant species in The Netherlands declined strongly (1984–2004) in forests, a habitat characterized by a short spring food peak, but that they did not decline in less seasonal marshes. Also, within generalist long-distance migrant species, populations declined more strongly in forests than in marshes. Forest-inhabiting migrant species arriving latest in spring declined most sharply, probably because their mismatch with the peak in food supply is greatest. Residents and short-distance migrants had non-declining populations in both habitats, suggesting that habitat quality did not deteriorate. Habitat-related differences in trends were most probably caused by climate change because at a European scale, long-distance migrants in forests declined more severely in western Europe, where springs have become considerably warmer, when compared with northern Europe, where temperatures during spring arrival and breeding have increased less. Our results suggest that trophic mismatches may have become a major cause for population declines in long-distance migrants in highly seasonal habitats.
506 citations
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Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland1, University of Manchester2, Netherlands Cancer Institute3, Autonomous University of Barcelona4, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven5, University of Glasgow6, University of Cambridge7, Masaryk University8, Utrecht University9, University of Lausanne10, Curie Institute11, University of Paris12, University of Colorado Denver13, Harvard University14, University of Groningen15, University of Oslo16, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies17, University of Turin18
TL;DR: Patient derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an important platform to elucidate new treatments and biomarkers in oncology as mentioned in this paper, and the ability of PDX models to predict clinical outcomes is being improved through mouse humanization strategies and the implementation of co-clinical trials, within which patients and PDXs reciprocally inform therapeutic decisions.
Abstract: Patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) have emerged as an important platform to elucidate new treatments and biomarkers in oncology. PDX models are used to address clinically relevant questions, including the contribution of tumour heterogeneity to therapeutic responsiveness, the patterns of cancer evolutionary dynamics during tumour progression and under drug pressure, and the mechanisms of resistance to treatment. The ability of PDX models to predict clinical outcomes is being improved through mouse humanization strategies and the implementation of co-clinical trials, within which patients and PDXs reciprocally inform therapeutic decisions. This Opinion article discusses aspects of PDX modelling that are relevant to these questions and highlights the merits of shared PDX resources to advance cancer medicine from the perspective of EurOPDX, an international initiative devoted to PDX-based research.
506 citations
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TL;DR: Patients with severe asthma are often inadequately controlled on existing anti‐asthma therapy, constituting an unmet clinical need, and this work aims to address that need.
Abstract: Background Patients with severe asthma are often inadequately controlled on existing anti-asthma therapy, constituting an unmet clinical need. Objective This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the ability of omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal anti-IgE antibody, to improve disease control sufficiently to enable inhaled corticosteroid reduction in patients with severe allergic asthma. Methods After a run-in period when an optimized fluticasone dose (greater than or equal to1000 mug/day) was received for 4 weeks, patients were randomized to receive subcutaneous omalizumab [minimum 0.016 mg/kg/IgE (IU/mL) per 4 weeks; n=126] or matching placebo (n=120) at intervals of 2 or 4 weeks. The study comprised a 16-week add-on phase of treatment followed by a 16-week fluticasone-reduction phase. Short-/long-acting beta(2)-agonists were allowed as needed. Results Median reductions in fluticasone dose were significantly greater with omalizumab than placebo: 60% vs. 50% (P=0.003). Some 73.8% and 50.8% of patients, respectively, achieved a greater than or equal to50% dose reduction (P=0.001). Fluticasone dose reduction to less than or equal to500 mug/day occurred in 60.3% of omalizumab recipients vs. 45.8% of placebo-treated patients (P=0.026). Through both phases, omalizumab reduced rescue medication requirements, improved asthma symptoms and asthma-related quality of life compared to placebo. Conclusion Omalizumab treatment improves asthma control in severely allergic asthmatics, reducing inhaled corticosteroid requirements without worsening of symptom control or increase in rescue medication use. (Less)
505 citations
Authors
Showing all 36692 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Ronald C. Kessler | 274 | 1332 | 328983 |
Nicholas J. Wareham | 212 | 1657 | 204896 |
André G. Uitterlinden | 199 | 1229 | 156747 |
Lei Jiang | 170 | 2244 | 135205 |
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx | 170 | 1139 | 119082 |
Richard H. Friend | 169 | 1182 | 140032 |
Panos Deloukas | 162 | 410 | 154018 |
Jerome I. Rotter | 156 | 1071 | 116296 |
Christopher M. Dobson | 150 | 1008 | 105475 |
Dirk Inzé | 149 | 647 | 74468 |
Scott T. Weiss | 147 | 1025 | 74742 |
Dieter Lutz | 139 | 671 | 67414 |
Wilmar B. Schaufeli | 137 | 513 | 95718 |
Cisca Wijmenga | 136 | 668 | 86572 |
Arnold B. Bakker | 135 | 506 | 103778 |