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University of Groningen

EducationGroningen, Groningen, Netherlands
About: University of Groningen is a education organization based out in Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 36346 authors who have published 69116 publications receiving 2940370 citations. The organization is also known as: Rijksuniversiteit Groningen & RUG.


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Journal ArticleDOI
Shane A. McCarthy1, Sayantan Das2, Warren W. Kretzschmar3, Olivier Delaneau4, Andrew R. Wood5, Alexander Teumer6, Hyun Min Kang2, Christian Fuchsberger2, Petr Danecek1, Kevin Sharp3, Yang Luo1, C Sidore7, Alan Kwong2, Nicholas J. Timpson8, Seppo Koskinen, Scott I. Vrieze9, Laura J. Scott2, He Zhang2, Anubha Mahajan3, Jan H. Veldink, Ulrike Peters10, Ulrike Peters11, Carlos N. Pato12, Cornelia M. van Duijn13, Christopher E. Gillies2, Ilaria Gandin14, Massimo Mezzavilla, Arthur Gilly1, Massimiliano Cocca14, Michela Traglia, Andrea Angius7, Jeffrey C. Barrett1, D.I. Boomsma15, Kari Branham2, Gerome Breen16, Gerome Breen17, Chad M. Brummett2, Fabio Busonero7, Harry Campbell18, Andrew T. Chan19, Sai Chen2, Emily Y. Chew20, Francis S. Collins20, Laura J Corbin8, George Davey Smith8, George Dedoussis21, Marcus Dörr6, Aliki-Eleni Farmaki21, Luigi Ferrucci20, Lukas Forer22, Ross M. Fraser2, Stacey Gabriel23, Shawn Levy, Leif Groop24, Leif Groop25, Tabitha A. Harrison11, Andrew T. Hattersley5, Oddgeir L. Holmen26, Kristian Hveem26, Matthias Kretzler2, James Lee27, Matt McGue28, Thomas Meitinger29, David Melzer5, Josine L. Min8, Karen L. Mohlke30, John B. Vincent31, Matthias Nauck6, Deborah A. Nickerson10, Aarno Palotie19, Aarno Palotie23, Michele T. Pato12, Nicola Pirastu14, Melvin G. McInnis2, J. Brent Richards16, J. Brent Richards32, Cinzia Sala, Veikko Salomaa, David Schlessinger20, Sebastian Schoenherr22, P. Eline Slagboom33, Kerrin S. Small16, Tim D. Spector16, Dwight Stambolian34, Marcus A. Tuke5, Jaakko Tuomilehto, Leonard H. van den Berg, Wouter van Rheenen, Uwe Völker6, Cisca Wijmenga35, Daniela Toniolo, Eleftheria Zeggini1, Paolo Gasparini14, Matthew G. Sampson2, James F. Wilson18, Timothy M. Frayling5, Paul I.W. de Bakker36, Morris A. Swertz35, Steven A. McCarroll19, Charles Kooperberg11, Annelot M. Dekker, David Altshuler, Cristen J. Willer2, William G. Iacono28, Samuli Ripatti24, Nicole Soranzo27, Nicole Soranzo1, Klaudia Walter1, Anand Swaroop20, Francesco Cucca7, Carl A. Anderson1, Richard M. Myers, Michael Boehnke2, Mark I. McCarthy3, Mark I. McCarthy37, Richard Durbin1, Gonçalo R. Abecasis2, Jonathan Marchini3 
TL;DR: A reference panel of 64,976 human haplotypes at 39,235,157 SNPs constructed using whole-genome sequence data from 20 studies of predominantly European ancestry leads to accurate genotype imputation at minor allele frequencies as low as 0.1% and a large increase in the number of SNPs tested in association studies.
Abstract: We describe a reference panel of 64,976 human haplotypes at 39,235,157 SNPs constructed using whole-genome sequence data from 20 studies of predominantly European ancestry. Using this resource leads to accurate genotype imputation at minor allele frequencies as low as 0.1% and a large increase in the number of SNPs tested in association studies, and it can help to discover and refine causal loci. We describe remote server resources that allow researchers to carry out imputation and phasing consistently and efficiently.

2,149 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease.
Abstract: Background Cyclophosphamide and glucocorticoids have been the cornerstone of remissioninduction therapy for severe antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)−associated vasculitis for 40 years. Uncontrolled studies suggest that rituximab is effective and may be safer than a cyclophosphamide-based regimen. Methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, noninferiority trial of rituximab (375 mg per square meter of body-surface area per week for 4 weeks) as compared with cyclophosphamide (2 mg per kilogram of body weight per day) for remission induction. Glucocorticoids were tapered off; the primary end point was remission of disease without the use of prednisone at 6 months. Results Nine centers enrolled 197 ANCA-positive patients with either Wegener’s granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis. Baseline disease activity, organ involvement, and the proportion of patients with relapsing disease were similar in the two treatment groups. Sixty-three patients in the rituximab group (64%) reached the primary end point, as compared with 52 patients in the control group (53%), a result that met the criterion for noninferiority (P<0.001). The rituximab-based regimen was more efficacious than the cyclophosphamide-based regimen for inducing remission of relapsing disease; 34 of 51 patients in the rituximab group (67%) as compared with 21 of 50 patients in the control group (42%) reached the primary end point (P = 0.01). Rituximab was also as effective as cyclophosphamide in the treatment of patients with major renal disease or alveolar hemorrhage. There were no significant differences between the treatment groups with respect to rates of adverse events. Conclusions Rituximab therapy was not inferior to daily cyclophosphamide treatment for induction of remission in severe ANCA-associated vasculitis and may be superior in relapsing disease. (Funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Genentech, and Biogen; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00104299.)

2,100 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Jan 1980-Ardea
TL;DR: In this paper, the parent adjusts its effort in relation to prevailing environmental conditions in order to maximize the output of young in its lifetime, rather than measurable in terms of adult survival and recruitment of young.
Abstract: 1. Energetics of reproduction in birds is reviewed with the question in mind how the parent adjusts its effort in relation to prevailing environmental conditions in order to maximize the output of young in its lifetime. Emphasis is on proximate controls, rather than ultimate factors measurable in terms of adult survival and recruitment of young. 2. The decision to breed or not to breed is clearly related to body condition of the female, presumably because of the implications this has for survival. 3. Laying date and clutch size are likewise under the influence of female condition and can hence be modified by experiments involving supplementary feeding. Natural variation in these features may often be related to territory quality. 4. How the bird decides whether or not to commence a second brood is not clear, but in the Great Tit the habitat-related difference in incidence of second broods is functionally understandable when survival probabilities of birds at different times are considered. 5. A distinction is made between a "capital" and "income" model for translatting rates of change of female body condition into appropriate decisions on laying date and clutch size and experiments are suggested that discriminate between the two. 6. Lack's view that brood size is in an evolutionary sense adjusted in order to balance food requirement and foraging capacity of the parents is accepted, and growth rates in nidicolous birds are analysed to ascertain if a finer adjustment exists superimposed on the integer steps of brood adjustment. Critical for this analysis are groups of birds where broods of one are common, since only in these circumstances is growth adjustment the only strategy open to the parents. In common with other animals, growth rate is related to mature body size but within a category of adult weight clear examples can be found for retardation of growth rate in pelecaniform and charadriiform species with singleton broods. 7. Since daily energy requirement is related to nestling size and growth rate, retardation of growth is explicable as a strategy only in terms of reducing the daily commitment of the parents, not reducing the total cost of producing a nestling. 8. An additional economy in growth is to reduce the contribution of fat to the nestling body. 9. Implied in Lack's view of brood size is a limitation of parental foraging capacity, and the last section of the paper is devoted to exploration of the proximate factors delimiting what Royama terms the optimal working capacity of parents feeding young. Observations of parent starlings confronted with manipulated brood size suggest a limit on the time that can be devoted to energetically extravagant flight activity, rather than a shortage of absolute time. Beyond the limit to which stressed parents can be made to fly, body weight declines. 10. Preliminary data on energy metabolized daily by parents confronted with large broods conforms to the simplified view that parental effort on a sustained basis equates to energy mobilization equivalent to 4 B.M.R. units and it is suggested that this level of energy expenditure represents a proximal decision substrate for determining the optimal working capacity of the parent. 11. The paper ends with a plea for more research on the proximate controls of avian reproduction, and calls attention to the central importance of the protein bank to parental body condition.

2,070 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a coarse-grained (CG) model for lipid and surfactant systems is presented, where only a small number of coarse grained atom types interact using a few discrete levels of interaction.
Abstract: This paper describes the parametrization of a new coarse grained (CG) model for lipid and surfactant systems. Reduction of the number of degrees of freedom together with the use of short range potentials makes it computationally very efficient. Compared to atomistic models a gain of 3-4 orders of magnitude can be achieved. Micrometer length scales or millisecond time scales are therefore within reach. To encourage applications, the model is kept very simple. Only a small number of coarse grained atom types are defined, which interact using a few discrete levels of interaction. Despite the computational speed and the simplistic nature of the model, it proves to be both versatile in its applications and accurate in its predictions. We show that densities of liquid alkanes from decane up to eicosane can be reproduced to within 5%, and the mutual solubilities of alkanes in water and water in alkanes can be reproduced within 0.5 kT of the experimental values. The CG model for dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is shown to aggregate spontaneously into a bilayer. Structural properties such as the area per headgroup and the phosphate-phosphate distance match the experimentally measured quantities closely. The same is true for elastic properties such as the bending modulus and the area compressibility, and dynamic properties such as the lipid lateral diffusion coefficient and the water permeation rate. The distribution of the individual lipid components along the bilayer normal is very similar to distributions obtained from atomistic simulations. Phospholipids with different headgroup (ethanolamine) or different tail lengths (lauroyl, stearoyl) or unsaturated tails (oleoyl) can also be modeled with the CG force field. The experimental area per headgroup can be reproduced for most lipids within 0.02 nm(2). Finally, the CG model is applied to nonbilayer phases. Dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) aggregates into small micelles that are structurally very similar to ones modeled atomistically, and DOPE forms an inverted hexagonal phase with structural parameters in agreement with experimental data.

2,062 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
S. Hong Lee1, Stephan Ripke2, Stephan Ripke3, Benjamin M. Neale3  +402 moreInstitutions (124)
TL;DR: Empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.
Abstract: Most psychiatric disorders are moderately to highly heritable. The degree to which genetic variation is unique to individual disorders or shared across disorders is unclear. To examine shared genetic etiology, we use genome-wide genotype data from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) for cases and controls in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). We apply univariate and bivariate methods for the estimation of genetic variation within and covariation between disorders. SNPs explained 17-29% of the variance in liability. The genetic correlation calculated using common SNPs was high between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder (0.68 ± 0.04 s.e.), moderate between schizophrenia and major depressive disorder (0.43 ± 0.06 s.e.), bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder (0.47 ± 0.06 s.e.), and ADHD and major depressive disorder (0.32 ± 0.07 s.e.), low between schizophrenia and ASD (0.16 ± 0.06 s.e.) and non-significant for other pairs of disorders as well as between psychiatric disorders and the negative control of Crohn's disease. This empirical evidence of shared genetic etiology for psychiatric disorders can inform nosology and encourages the investigation of common pathophysiologies for related disorders.

2,058 citations


Authors

Showing all 36692 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Ronald C. Kessler2741332328983
Nicholas J. Wareham2121657204896
André G. Uitterlinden1991229156747
Lei Jiang1702244135205
Brenda W.J.H. Penninx1701139119082
Richard H. Friend1691182140032
Panos Deloukas162410154018
Jerome I. Rotter1561071116296
Christopher M. Dobson1501008105475
Dirk Inzé14964774468
Scott T. Weiss147102574742
Dieter Lutz13967167414
Wilmar B. Schaufeli13751395718
Cisca Wijmenga13666886572
Arnold B. Bakker135506103778
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
2023166
2022543
20214,487
20203,990
20193,283
20182,836