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Institution

University of Guelph

EducationGuelph, Ontario, Canada
About: University of Guelph is a education organization based out in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 26542 authors who have published 50553 publications receiving 1715255 citations. The organization is also known as: U of G & Guelph University.


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Patent
11 May 1983
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for producing a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollinations, which is applicable to grain crops, forage crops and industrial species.
Abstract: The process of the present invention provides a convenient route for producing a predetermined hybrid variety of a crop which is capable of undergoing both self-pollination and cross-pollination. Cytoplasmic male sterile plants which also exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance are the key plants for use in the present process. Such cytoplasmic male sterile plants may be readily multiplied and uniformly produced in accordance with the process of the present invention on a relatively economical basis by crossing with suitable maintainer plants. Economical bulk planting of the key plants with either maintainer or restorer plants is made possible. Following cross-pollination from a pollen source which lacks the herbicide tolerance unneeded plants effectively are eliminated by use of a herbicide. For instance, unwanted plants may be effectively eliminated immediately after pollination or prior to pollination in a succeeding generation to make possible the existence in an unharmed state of a substantially homogeneous stand of the desired plants which exhibit cytoplasmic herbicide tolerance. The process of the present invention is applicable to grain crops, forage crops, seed propagated fruits, seed propagated ornamentals, and industrial species. In a particularly preferred embodiment a predetermined variety of Brassica napus (i.e., rape or improved forms thereof known as canola) is formed which is the product of cross-pollination.

747 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The advantages and limitations of current next‐generation sequencing technologies in regard to their application for environmental DNA analysis are reviewed.
Abstract: Since 2005, advances in next-generation sequencing technologies have revolutionized biological science. The analysis of environmental DNA through the use of specific gene markers such as species-specific DNA barcodes has been a key application of next-generation sequencing technologies in ecological and environmental research. Access to parallel, massive amounts of sequencing data, as well as subsequent improvements in read length and throughput of different sequencing platforms, is leading to a better representation of sample diversity at a reasonable cost. New technologies are being developed rapidly and have the potential to dramatically accelerate ecological and environmental research. The fast pace of development and improvements in next-generation sequencing technologies can reflect on broader and more robust applications in environmental DNA research. Here, we review the advantages and limitations of current next-generation sequencing technologies in regard to their application for environmental DNA analysis.

747 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Sep 2004-Ecology
TL;DR: A framework for fitting multiple random walks to animal move- ment paths consisting of ordered sets of step lengths and turning angles, which allows for identification of different movement states using several properties of observed paths and lead naturally to the formulation of movement models.
Abstract: We present a framework for fitting multiple random walks to animal move- ment paths consisting of ordered sets of step lengths and turning angles. Each step and turn is assigned to one of a number of random walks, each characteristic of a different behavioral state. Behavioral state assignments may be inferred purely from movement data or may include the habitat type in which the animals are located. Switching between different behavioral states may be modeled explicitly using a state transition matrix estimated directly from data, or switching probabilities may take into account the proximity of animals to landscape features. Model fitting is undertaken within a Bayesian framework using the WinBUGS software. These methods allow for identification of different movement states using several properties of observed paths and lead naturally to the formulation of movement models. Analysis of relocation data from elk released in east-central Ontario, Canada, suggests a biphasic movement behavior: elk are either in an ''encamped'' state in which step lengths are small and turning angles are high, or in an ''exploratory'' state, in which daily step lengths are several kilometers and turning angles are small. Animals encamp in open habitat (agricultural fields and opened forest), but the exploratory state is not associated with any particular habitat type.

746 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Brillouin light scattering and ellipsometry were used to measure the glass transition temperature of thin polystyrene (PS) films as a function of the film thickness for two different molecular weights.
Abstract: We have used Brillouin light scattering and ellipsometry to measure the glass transition temperature ${T}_{g}$ of thin polystyrene (PS) films as a function of the film thickness $h$ for two different molecular weights ${M}_{w}.$ Three different film geometries were studied: freely standing films, films supported on a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{x}$ surface with the other film surface free (uncapped supported), and films supported on a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{x}$ surface and covered with a ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{x}$ layer (capped supported). For freely standing films ${T}_{g}$ is reduced dramatically from the bulk value by an amount that depends on both $h$ and ${M}_{w}.$ For $h\ensuremath{\lesssim}{R}_{\mathrm{EE}}$ (the average end-to-end distance of the unperturbed polymer molecules), ${T}_{g}$ decreases linearly with decreasing $h$ with reductions as large as 60 K for both ${M}_{w}$ values. We observe a large ${M}_{w}$ dependence of the ${T}_{g}$ reductions for freely standing films which provides the first strong evidence of the importance of chain confinement effects on the glass transition temperature of thin polymer films. For both the uncapped and capped supported films, ${T}_{g}$ is reduced only slightly $(l10\mathrm{K})$ from the bulk value, with only small differences in ${T}_{g}$ $(l4\mathrm{K})$ observed between uncapped and capped supported films of the same thickness. The results of our experiments demonstrate that the polymer-substrate interaction is the dominant effect in determining the glass transition temperature of PS films supported on ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{x}.$

745 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Carry-over effects are likely to be far more widespread than currently indicated, and they could feasibly be responsible for a large amount of the observed variation in performance among individuals, and warrant a wealth of new research designed specifically to decompose components of variation in fitness attributes related to processes across and within seasons.
Abstract: 1. Carry-over effects occur when processes in one season influence the success of an individual in the following season. This phenomenon has the potential to explain a large amount of variation in individual fitness, but so far has only been described in a limited number of species. This is largely due to difficulties associated with tracking individuals between periods of the annual cycle, but also because of a lack of research specifically designed to examine hypotheses related to carry-over effects. 2. We review the known mechanisms that drive carry-over effects, most notably macronutrient supply, and highlight the types of life histories and ecological situations where we would expect them to most often occur. We also identify a number of other potential mechanisms that require investigation, including micronutrients such as antioxidants. 3. We propose a series of experiments designed to estimate the relative contributions of extrinsic and intrinsic quality effects in the pre-breeding season, which in turn will allow an accurate estimation of the magnitude of carry-over effects. To date this has proven immensely difficult, and we hope that the experimental frameworks described here will stimulate new avenues of research vital to advancing our understanding of how carry-over effects can shape animal life histories. 4. We also explore the potential of state-dependent modelling as a tool for investigating carry-over effects, most notably for its ability to calculate optimal rates of acquisition of a multitude of resources over the course of the annual cycle, and also because it allows us to vary the strength of density-dependent relationships which can alter the magnitude of carry-over effects in either a synergistic or agonistic fashion. 5. In conclusion carry-over effects are likely to be far more widespread than currently indicated, and they are likely to be driven by a multitude of factors including both macro- and micronutrients. For this reason they could feasibly be responsible for a large amount of the observed variation in performance among individuals, and consequently warrant a wealth of new research designed specifically to decompose components of variation in fitness attributes related to processes across and within seasons.

743 citations


Authors

Showing all 26778 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Dirk Inzé14964774468
Norbert Perrimon13861073505
Bobby Samir Acharya1331121100545
Eduardo Marbán12957949586
Benoît Roux12049362215
Fereidoon Shahidi11995157796
Stephen Safe11678460588
Mark A. Tarnopolsky11564442501
Robert C. Haddon11257752712
Milton H. Saier11170754496
Hans J. Vogel111126062846
Paul D. N. Hebert11153766288
Peter T. Katzmarzyk11061856484
John Campbell107115056067
Linda F. Nazar10631852092
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202368
2022391
20212,574
20202,547
20192,264
20182,155