University of Guelph

About: University of Guelph is a education organization based out in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Gene. The organization has 26542 authors who have published 50553 publications receiving 1715255 citations. The organization is also known as: U of G & Guelph University.

Recent acceleration of biomass burning and carbon losses in Alaskan forests and peatlands

Abstract: Climate change has increased the area affected by forest fires in boreal North America. An analysis of the depth of burning in forests and peatlands in Alaska indicates that ground-layer combustion has accelerated regional carbon losses.

The Structure of the Casein Micelle of Milk and Its Changes During Processing

Abstract: The majority of the protein in cow's milk is contained in the particles known as casein micelles. This review describes the main structural features of these particles and the different models that have been used to define the interior structures. The reactions of the micelles during processing operations are described in terms of the structural models.

The effects of glucocorticoids on adipose tissue lipid metabolism

Abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs) have long been accepted as being catabolic in nature, liberating energy substrates during times of stress to supply the increased metabolic demand of the body. The effects of GCs on adipose tissue metabolism are conflicting, however, because patients with elevated GCs present with central adiposity. We performed an extensive literature review of the effects of GCs on adipose tissue metabolism. The contradictory effects of GCs on lipid metabolism occur through a number of different mechanisms, some of which are well defined and others remain to be elucidated. Firstly, through increases in caloric and dietary fat intake, along with increased hydrolysis of circulating triglycerides (chylomicrons, very low-density lipoproteins) by lipoprotein lipase activity, GCs increase the amount of fatty acids in circulation, which are then available for ectopic fat distribution (liver, muscle, and central adipocytes). Glucocorticoids also increase de novo lipid production in hepatocytes through increased expression of fatty acid synthase. There is some controversy as to whether these same mechanisms occur in adipocytes, thereby contributing to adipose hypertrophy. Glucocorticoids promote preadipocyte conversion to mature adipocytes, causing hyperplasia of the adipose tissue. Glucocorticoids also have acute antilipolytic effect on adipocytes, whereas their genomic actions facilitate increased lipolysis after about 48 hours of exposure. The acute and long-term effects of GCs on adipose tissue lipolysis remain unclear. Although considerable evidence supports the notion that GCs increase lipolysis through glucocorticoid-induced increases of lipase expression, they clearly have antilipolytic effects within these same tissues and cell line models.

Genomics and the challenging translation into conservation practice

Abstract: The global loss of biodiversity continues at an alarming rate. Genomic approaches have been suggested as a promising tool for conservation practice as scaling up to genome-wide data can improve traditional conservation genetic inferences and provide qualitatively novel insights. However, the generation of genomic data and subsequent analyses and interpretations remain challenging and largely confined to academic research in ecology and evolution. This generates a gap between basic research and applicable solutions for conservation managers faced with multifaceted problems. Before the real-world conservation potential of genomic research can be realized, we suggest that current infrastructures need to be modified, methods must mature, analytical pipelines need to be developed, and successful case studies must be disseminated to practitioners.