Institution
University of Guelph
Education•Guelph, Ontario, Canada•
About: University of Guelph is a education organization based out in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 26542 authors who have published 50553 publications receiving 1715255 citations. The organization is also known as: U of G & Guelph University.
Topics: Population, Poison control, DNA barcoding, Soil water, Skeletal muscle
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: A meta-analysis of the employment interview was carried out to investigate the impact of interview format (individual vs. board interviews) and interview structure (unstructured vs. structured) on the validity of interviews as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A meta-analysis of the employment interview was carried out to investigate the impact of interview format (individual vs. board interviews) and interview structure (unstructured vs. structured) on the validity of interviews. A thorough review of the unpublished and published literature worldwide yielded 150 usable validity coefficients for the meta-analysis. Contrary to the predominantly pessimistic views of previous researchers, the interview was found to be a generally good selection instrument. These findings suggest that the ' received doctrine' of interview invalidity is false. However, interview structure moderated predictive validity coefficients to a considerable extent. In fact, structured interviews produced mean validity coefficients twice as high as unstructured interviews. Although considerable variance in structured interviews remained unaccounted for after adjustment for statistical artifacts, all of the variation in observed validity coefficients for unstructured interviews was accounted for. It was concluded that a number of social psychological processes examined in previous interview research would have little effect in moderating the validity coefficients of the unstructured interview. The results also suggest that higher validity coefficients are associated with more reliable interviews and the use of formal job-analytic information in developing interview questions. Implications for research and practice in personnel psychology are explored.
395 citations
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TL;DR: The results reinforce the emerging suspicion that estimates of global species richness are likely underestimates for parasitoids and that the strategy of being a tropical generalist parasitic fly may be yet more unusual than has been envisioned for tachinids.
Abstract: Many species of tachinid flies are viewed as generalist parasitoids because what is apparently a single species of fly has been reared from many species of caterpillars. However, an ongoing inventory of the tachinid flies parasitizing thousands of species of caterpillars in Area de Conservacion Guanacaste, northwestern Costa Rica, has encountered >400 species of specialist tachinids with only a few generalists. We DNA-barcoded 2,134 flies belonging to what appeared to be the 16 most generalist of the reared tachinid morphospecies and encountered 73 mitochondrial lineages separated by an average of 4% sequence divergence. These lineages are supported by collateral ecological information and, where tested, by independent nuclear markers (28S and ITS1), and we therefore view these lineages as provisional species. Each of the 16 apparently generalist species dissolved into one of four patterns: (i) a single generalist species, (ii) a pair of morphologically cryptic generalist species, (iii) a complex of specialist species plus a generalist, or (iv) a complex of specialists with no remaining generalist. In sum, there remained 9 generalist species among the 73 mitochondrial lineages we analyzed, demonstrating that a generalist lifestyle is possible for a tropical caterpillar parasitoid fly. These results reinforce the emerging suspicion that estimates of global species richness are likely underestimates for parasitoids (which may constitute as much as 20% of all animal life) and that the strategy of being a tropical generalist parasitic fly may be yet more unusual than has been envisioned for tachinids.
393 citations
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TL;DR: Groundwater, surface water, and human wastewater are commonly used for irrigation and bacteria and protozoa tend to show the poorest survival outside a human host, whereas viruses and helminths can remain infective for months to years.
393 citations
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TL;DR: There are diverse physiological functions of nitrogen end products in different animal groups, including excretion, acid-base regulation, osmoregulation and buoyancy, and both invertebrates and vertebrates use nitrogen-containing organic compounds as intracellular osmolytes.
Abstract: There are diverse physiological functions of nitrogen end products in different animal groups, including excretion, acid-base regulation, osmoregulation and buoyancy. Animals excrete a variety of nitrogen waste products, but ammonia, urea and uric acid predominate. A major factor in determining the mode of nitrogen excretion is the availability of water in the environment. Generally, aquatic animals excrete mostly ammonia, whereas terrestrial animals excrete either urea or uric acid. Ammonia, urea and uric acid are transported across cell membranes by different mechanisms corresponding to their different chemical properties in solution. Ammonia metabolism and excretion are linked to acid-base regulation in the kidney, but the role of urea and uric acid is less clear. Both invertebrates and vertebrates use nitrogen-containing organic compounds as intracellular osmolytes. In some marine invertebrates, NH4+ is sequestered in specific compartments to increase buoyancy.
393 citations
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Blaise Pascal University1, Institut national de la recherche agronomique2, University of Florida3, University of Bonn4, Goddard Institute for Space Studies5, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation6, International Water Management Institute7, Michigan State University8, Agro ParisTech9, University of Leeds10, CGIAR11, University of Tübingen12, University of Alberta13, International Atomic Energy Agency14, University of Reading15, University of Guelph16, University of Hohenheim17, University of Maryland, College Park18, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research19, Indian Agricultural Research Institute20, Department of Environment and Primary Industries21, Aarhus University22, Rothamsted Research23, Food and Agriculture Organization24, Washington State University25, Wageningen University and Research Centre26, Chinese Academy of Sciences27, International Trademark Association28, United States Department of Agriculture29
TL;DR: It is concluded that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics, and argued that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models.
Abstract: Crop models of crop growth are increasingly used to quantify the impact of global changes due to climate or crop management. Therefore, accuracy of simulation results is a major concern. Studies with ensembles of crop models can give valuable information about model accuracy and uncertainty, but such studies are difficult to organize and have only recently begun. We report on the largest ensemble study to date, of 27 wheat models tested in four contrasting locations for their accuracy in simulating multiple crop growth and yield variables. The relative error averaged over models was 24-38% for the different end-of-season variables including grain yield (GY) and grain protein concentration (GPC). There was little relation between error of a model for GY or GPC and error for in-season variables. Thus, most models did not arrive at accurate simulations of GY and GPC by accurately simulating preceding growth dynamics. Ensemble simulations, taking either the mean (e-mean) or median (e-median) of simulated values, gave better estimates than any individual model when all variables were considered. Compared to individual models, e-median ranked first in simulating measured GY and third in GPC. The error of e-mean and e-median declined with an increasing number of ensemble members, with little decrease beyond 10 models. We conclude that multimodel ensembles can be used to create new estimators with improved accuracy and consistency in simulating growth dynamics. We argue that these results are applicable to other crop species, and hypothesize that they apply more generally to ecological system models.
392 citations
Authors
Showing all 26778 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Dirk Inzé | 149 | 647 | 74468 |
Norbert Perrimon | 138 | 610 | 73505 |
Bobby Samir Acharya | 133 | 1121 | 100545 |
Eduardo Marbán | 129 | 579 | 49586 |
Benoît Roux | 120 | 493 | 62215 |
Fereidoon Shahidi | 119 | 951 | 57796 |
Stephen Safe | 116 | 784 | 60588 |
Mark A. Tarnopolsky | 115 | 644 | 42501 |
Robert C. Haddon | 112 | 577 | 52712 |
Milton H. Saier | 111 | 707 | 54496 |
Hans J. Vogel | 111 | 1260 | 62846 |
Paul D. N. Hebert | 111 | 537 | 66288 |
Peter T. Katzmarzyk | 110 | 618 | 56484 |
John Campbell | 107 | 1150 | 56067 |
Linda F. Nazar | 106 | 318 | 52092 |