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Institution

University of Haifa

EducationHaifa, Israel
About: University of Haifa is a education organization based out in Haifa, Israel. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 7558 authors who have published 27141 publications receiving 711629 citations. The organization is also known as: Haifa University & Universiṭat Ḥefah.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Defense and mobilome genes are nonrandomly associated in islands, suggesting nonadaptive evolution of the islands via a preferential attachment-like mechanism underpinned by the addictive properties of defense systems such as toxins-antitoxins and an important role of horizontal mobility in the evolution of these islands.
Abstract: The arms race between cellular life forms and viruses is a major driving force of evolution. A substantial fraction of bacterial and archaeal genomes is dedicated to antivirus defense. We analyzed the distribution of defense genes and typical mobilome components (such as viral and transposon genes) in bacterial and archaeal genomes and demonstrated statistically significant clustering of antivirus defense systems and mobile genes and elements in genomic islands. The defense islands are enriched in putative operons and contain numerous overrepresented gene families. A detailed sequence analysis of the proteins encoded by genes in these families shows that many of them are diverged variants of known defense system components, whereas others show features, such as characteristic operonic organization, that are suggestive of novel defense systems. Thus, genomic islands provide abundant material for the experimental study of bacterial and archaeal antivirus defense. Except for the CRISPR-Cas systems, different classes of defense systems, in particular toxin-antitoxin and restriction-modification systems, show nonrandom clustering in defense islands. It remains unclear to what extent these associations reflect functional cooperation between different defense systems and to what extent the islands are genomic "sinks" that accumulate diverse nonessential genes, particularly those acquired via horizontal gene transfer. The characteristics of defense islands resemble those of mobilome islands. Defense and mobilome genes are nonrandomly associated in islands, suggesting nonadaptive evolution of the islands via a preferential attachment-like mechanism underpinned by the addictive properties of defense systems such as toxins-antitoxins and an important role of horizontal mobility in the evolution of these islands.

300 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the semiotic and political operation of commemorative street names and reveal that street names are a powerful mechanism for the legitimation of the sociopolitical order.
Abstract: Street names are ostensibly visible, quintessentially mundane, and seemingly obvious. This might be the reason why social scientists have hardly addressed the issue of street names in their studies of the structures of authority and the legitimation of power. In this paper the author explores the semiotic and political operation of commemorative street names. He sheds light on the procedures of the naming and the renaming of streets and the utilization of street names for commemorative purposes as a fundamental feature of modern political culture. Further, he elaborates on how street names, in addition to their fundamental role in the spatial organization and semiotic construction of the city, are also participants in the cultural production of shared past. In addition, the author uncovers commemorative street names as a powerful mechanism for the legitimation of the sociopolitical order. Commemorative street names provide for the intersection of hegemonic ideological structures with the spatial practices...

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of family patterns and lifestyles within Israeli society consisting of trends in marriage, divorce and fertility, dating, mate selection, marital relationships, and marital dissolution is provided in this article.
Abstract: This article provides a review of family patterns and lifestyles within Israeli society consisting of trends in marriage, divorce and fertility, dating, mate selection, marital relationships, and marital dissolution Additional topics consist of parenting and the place and role of children in families, elderly and their families, gender issues, division of labor, power in families, and the impact of stress on Israeli familiesMajor trends are presented and analyzed by adopting a hybrid comparative perspective: a vertical perspective, which examines changes in family patterns over the past five decades, and a horizontal perspective, which examines different family patterns among various socioethnic groups This analysis indicates that the family is being pulled in opposite directions by two main forces: one that prods the family toward greater modernization and Westernalization, while the other acts to strengthen traditional values Despite some convergence among different socioethnic groups, mark

299 citations

Book ChapterDOI
TL;DR: Gamification is the use of game design elements in non-game contexts to encourage a desired type of behavior as mentioned in this paper, which has been applied in marketing as well as non-business contexts such as politics, health, or interactive systems and education.
Abstract: Gamification is the use of game design elements in non-game contexts to encourage a desired type of behavior In recent years gamification systems have been applied in marketing as well as non-business contexts such as politics, health, or interactive systems and education

299 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Evidence that exposure to a stressful experience may impair fear extinction and the possible involvement of the GABA system is presented and a possible dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit following a stressfulExperience is discussed that may explain the impaired extinction caused by Exposure to a stressor.
Abstract: Stress exposure, depending on its intensity and duration, affects cognition and learning in an adaptive or maladaptive manner. Studies addressing the effects of stress on cognitive processes have mainly focused on conditioned fear, since it is suggested that fear-motivated learning lies at the root of affective and anxiety disorders. Inhibition of fear-motivated response can be accomplished by experimental extinction of the fearful response to the fear-inducing stimulus. Converging evidence indicates that extinction of fear memory requires plasticity in both the medial prefrontal cortex and the amygdala. These brain areas are also deeply involved in mediating the effects of exposure to stress on memory. Moreover, extensive evidence indicates that gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission plays a primary role in the modulation of behavioral sequelae resulting from a stressful experience, and may also partially mediate inhibitory learning during extinction. In this review, we present evidence that exposure to a stressful experience may impair fear extinction and the possible involvement of the GABA system. Impairment of fear extinction learning is particularly important as it may predispose some individuals to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder. We further discuss a possible dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala circuit following a stressful experience that may explain the impaired extinction caused by exposure to a stressor.

299 citations


Authors

Showing all 7747 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Markku Laakso162945142292
M.-Marsel Mesulam15055890772
Michael Levin11198645667
Peter Schmidt10563861822
Eviatar Nevo9584840066
Uri Alon9144254822
Dan Roth8552328166
Simon G. Potts8224931557
Russell G. Foster7931823206
Leo Radom7960434075
Stevan E. Hobfoll7427135870
Larry Davidson6945920177
Alan R. Templeton6724928320
Uri Gneezy6521129671
Benny Pinkas6415621122
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202394
2022304
20211,978
20201,822
20191,579
20181,505