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Showing papers by "University of Hawaii at Manoa published in 1979"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The demonstration of antibody dependence of dengue virus infection in subhuman primates--a complex, outbred experimental host--supports the hypothesis that the severity of d Dengue in humans is regulated by antibody.
Abstract: Five pairs of juvenile, dengue virus-susceptible rhesus monkeys were given normal or dengue-immune human cord-blood serum injected intravenously to a final dilution of 1:300. The pool of immune human cord-blood serum had a titer of antibody to dengue type 2 virus (D2V) of 1:140 in the plaque-reduction neutralization test and a titer of human monocyte infection enhancement of greater than 1:2,000,000. Fifteen minutes after inoculation of serum, animals were infected with D2V (strain no. 16681). Daily titers of viremia were always higher in the animals that had received antiserum to D2V than in animals that had received normal cord-blood serum. Ratios of infection enhancement ranged from 2.7 to 51.4. The demonstration of antibody dependence of dengue virus infection in subhuman primates--a complex, outbred experimental host--supports the hypothesis that the severity of dengue in humans is regulated by antibody.

424 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The data suggest that human spermatozoa fuse with the vitelline membrane of zona-free hamster eggs and decondense with varying efficiencies, and may have potential value as a diagnostic tool in evaluating human semenatozoal fertilizing capacity.

286 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: By incubating the mosquito cells at 32 degrees C, dengue viruses can be identified and typed within 6 days after inoculation, and the sensitivity of this method was compared with mosquito inoculation in comparative titrations of 16 low passage d Dengue virus strains.
Abstract: An improved method for the isolation and identification of dengue viruses is described. Viruses were isolated in mosquito cell cultures (C6/36 or AP-61), identified by indirect fluorescent antibody technique, and typed by complement-fixation test, using the cell culture fluid as antigen. The sensitivity of this method was compared with mosquito inoculation in comparative titrations of 16 low passage dengue virus strains. Although lower virus titers were obtained by the mosquito cell culture technique, its decreased sensitivity was compensated for by the much larger volume (588×) which could be assayed. By incubating the mosquito cells at 32°C, dengue viruses can be identified and typed within 6 days after inoculation.

196 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary results indicate that excretion rates were substantially higher during the night than during the day, and that on the average daily uptake and excretion of ammonium ion were roughly in balance.
Abstract: Ammonium ion uptake and excretion rates were measured in water samples taken from Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, by monitoring the 15N/(15N+14N) isotope ratio in dissolved ammonium ion in incubated samples which had been spiked with 15N-labeleled crops of microzooplankton (organisms passing a 0.333 mm mesh gauze), but the actual excretion was due primarily to smaller organisms (less than 0.035 mm in nominal diameter). Preliminary results indicate that excretion rates were substantially higher during the night than during the day, and that on the average daily uptake and excretion of ammonium ion were roughly in balance.

153 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a qualitative model indicating the relationship between thermally induced brine migration and subsequent algal growth is presented, which indicates that the distribution of algae within the ice depends on the thermal and physical setting for Weddell Sea pack ice where brine drainage is initiated by spring and summer warming but is not carried through so completely as in other regions.

146 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Ilimaquinone (1) is a new sponge metabolite of composition C22H30O4 whose structure, which was determined by spectral correlations and X-ray crystallography, comprises a rearranged drimane sesquiterpene moiety linked to a 2-hydroxy-5methoxybenzoquinone at C-3.

127 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A general linear model is presented here for biological and cultural inheritance involving ten parameters to be estimated from 16 correlations in nuclear families, providing ample degrees of freedom to test goodness of fit.
Abstract: A general linear model is presented here for biological and cultural inheritance involving ten parameters to be estimated from 16 correlations in nuclear families, providing ample degrees of freedom to test goodness of fit. Applied to six lipoprotein traits the model fits acceptably to all, although there is evidence of transient maternal effects for cholesterol and lipemia. Genetic heritability in children ranges from 0.175 for triglyceride to 0.562 for total cholesterol. Cultural heritability in children ranges from 0.012 for VLDL to 0.149 for HDL-cholesterol.

107 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
31 Aug 1979-Science
TL;DR: In seawater enriched with carbon-14-labeled sodium hydrogen carbonate the sacoglossan Placobranchus ocellatus when exposed to light incorporates carbon- 14 at a rate 50-fold of that for animals kept in the dark.
Abstract: In seawater enriched with carbon-14-labeled sodium hydrogen carbonate the sacoglossan Placobranchus ocellatus when exposed to light incorporates carbon-14 at a rate 50-fold of that for animals kept in the dark. 9,10-Deoxytridachione, a secondary metabolite of the mollusk, undergoes a photorearrangement to photodeoxytridachione in vivo.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The defensive secretion of the nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa consists of two isocyanosesquiterpenes: the previously described 9-isocyanopupukeanane and its 2-isomer, for which the structure and properties are reported.
Abstract: The defensive secretion of the nudibranch Phyllidia varicosa consists of two isocyanosesquiterpenes: the previously described 9-isocyanopupukeanane (1), and its 2-isomer (4), for which we report the structure and properties. The mixture originates with a sponge, Hymeniacidon sp., where it is produced in varying proportions. CD. measurements and X-ray diffraction data establish the absolute configuration of the two metabolites.

92 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method for co-locational analysis to examine the nature of locational interdependence and its role in describing the structure of public facility concentrations.
Abstract: The concept of accessibility of service facilities to target populations is an inadequate criterion for public facility location problems, since it overemphasizes dispersed facilities as location solutions. Without consideration of interactions and linkages between services in public facility systems, the complete range of facility location patterns that can be observed in urban settings cannot be characterized. Through techniques of spatial pattern analysis, different degrees of facility concentration are demonstrated to exist for human service systems in selected urban areas. A method for co-locational analysis is also introduced in order to examine the nature of locational interdependence and its role in describing the structure of public facility concentrations. Given the empirical evidence and a theoretical basis, it is argued that the criterion of facility accessibility should be considered along with a criterion of facility linkage or agglomeration in any comprehensive locational analysis of public...

65 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The persistence of these inequalities can be explained in terms of the priority placements as mentioned in this paper, which can be seen as an indicator of the lack of political, social, and economic systems prevailing in these states.
Abstract: Many studies have documented the existence of spatial socio-economic inequalities in developing nations, as well as developed, Western nations with market economies. Such spatial inequalities generally have been ascribed to deficiencies in the political, social, and economic systems prevailing in these states. Some writers have implied that under Marxist forms of socialism such inequalities would not occur and that territorial or spatial justice would prevail instead. This paper reviews evidence in recent literature bearing on the question of spatial equality and inequality in the socialist countries of the USSR and northeastern Europe, all of which profess an ideological commitment to the goal of eliminating spatial inequality. Judged from various perspectives—regional contrasts, urban-rural and urban-urban comparisons, and intraurban distinctions—the socialist states studied exhibit marked spatial inequalities. The persistence of these inequalities can be explained in terms of the priority plac...

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the concept of an ocean monitoring system using simple sea level gauges then demons trate its potential and present initial results derived from it. But, the authors do not consider the long-term monitoring of the ocean.
Abstract: The growing Interest in the changes of our environment and in short-term climatic fluctuations, together with the realization that the interaction between ocean and atmosphere plays a significant role in the sefluctuations, has emphasized the need to monitor changes in the ocean environment. The two parameters central to the role of the ocean in its interaction with the atmosphere are ocean heat storage and advection of heat by ocean circulation. The ocean's heat content can be easily observed by vertical temperature soundings with relatively in expensive instrumentation, but the determination of heat advection constitutes a much more for midable problem. Continuous direct observations of the flow field are extremely expensive; thus indirect methods like the computation of geostrophic flow and measurements of sea surface topography will have to be used. After all, every long-term monitoring system will have to pass the test of cost efficiency. In this article I describe the concept of an ocean monitoring system using simple sea level gauges then demons trate its potential and present initial results derived from it.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Preliminary experiments examining the bioluminescent feedback mechanism for monitoring intensity of biolauminescence during counterillumination in the midwater squid Abralia trigonura indicated that the ventral photosensitive vesicles are responsible for biolumscent feedback.
Abstract: The means of detecting downwelling light for counterillumination in several midwater animals has been examined. Eyes and extraocular photoreceptors (drosal photosensitive vesicles in the enoploteuthid squid Abraliopsis sp. B and pineal organs in the myctophid fish Myctophum spinosum) were alternately exposed to overhead light or covered by a small opaque shield above the animal and the bioluminescent response of the animal was monitored. Covering either the eyes or the extraocular photoreceptors resulted in a reduction in the intensity of counterillumination. Preliminary experiments examining the bioluminescent feedback mechanism for monitoring intensity of bioluminescence during counterillumination in the midwater squid Abralia trigonura indicated that the ventral photosensitive vesicles are responsible for bioluminescent feedback.

Journal ArticleDOI
01 Oct 1979-Icarus
TL;DR: In this paper, a method for removing the thermal component from planetary reflectance measurements is described and the limitations involved are discussed for the case of lunar observations and for Mercury where it is assumed the temperature and emissivity are unknown.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The steroidal components of 2 marine sponges, Terpios zeteki and Dysidea herbacea, were fractionated through a combination of chromatographic methods, including reversed phase HPLC., and were analyzed by a combinations of physical methods,, including high resolution GC.-MS.
Abstract: The steroidal components of 2 marine sponges, Terpios zeteki (from Hawaii) and Dysidea herbacea (from Australia) were fractionated through a combination of chromatographic methods, including reversed phase HPLC., and were analyzed by a combination of physical methods, including high resolution GC.-MS. and 360 MHz 1H-NMR. T. zeteki contains 6 conventional 5α-stanols which comprise 91% of the sterol mixture, and traces (0.5%) of a new C26 sterol, 5α-24-norcholestan-3β-ol. Minor amounts of conventional Δ5-sterols (6.5%) and of a single Δ4-3-ketosteroid (1.5%) were also present. In contrast, the Australian sponge (D. herbacea) contains 3 Δ5,7-sterols which comprise 1.5% of the sterol mixture, and one new C29 sterol, (24 Z)-stigmasta-5,7,24(28)-trien-3β-ol, as the major component (75%). In addition, minor amounts of conventional 5α-stanols (0.5%), Δ5-sterols (5%) and 5α-Δ7-sterols (18%) were present in this complex sterol mixture. The possible dietary or endosymbiotic origins of these sterols are discussed.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the electron spectra of p -benzoquinone and tetrafluoro were measured by He II up to 25 eV and interpreted using the semi-empirical MO method HAM/3.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Chromosome heteromorphisms of 34 trisomic abortuses and their parents were compared to determine the origin of the extra chromosome and no paternally derived trisomy was identified.
Abstract: Chromosome heteromorphisms of 34 trisomic abortuses and their parents were compared to determine the origin of the extra chromosome. Fourteen of the trisomies were maternal in origin, ten resulting from a first-meiotic-division error and four from either first- or second-meiotic-division errors. No paternally derived trisomy was identified.

Journal Article
TL;DR: The maximum likelihood map presented permits confirmation that Scianna (SC) and a fourteenth locus, phenylketonuria (PKU), are on chromosome 1, although the location of the latter on the PGM1-AMY segment is uncertain.
Abstract: Thirteen loci are mapped on chromosome 1 from genetic evidence. The maximum likelihood map presented permits confirmation that Scianna (SC) and a fourteenth locus, phenylketonuria (PKU), are on chromosome 1, although the location of the latter on the PGM1-AMY segment is uncertain. Eight other controversial genetic assignments are rejected, providing a practical demonstration of the resolution which maximum likelihood theory brings to mapping.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Data support the suggestion that the hypometabolism and hypothermia of the genetically obese mouse is a result of reduced Na+-pump-related thermogenesis and provides evidence that this may be the consequence of reduced nuclear binding of triiodothyronine.
Abstract: A dramatic reduction in ouabain-sensitive tissue respiration of obese mouse muscle and liver was observed, suggesting that Na+-transport-dependent calorigenesis is impaired in these animals. Additionally, a significantly depressed nuclear triiodothyronine binding capacity in liver and lung tissue was exhibited by obese mice. These data support the suggestion that the hypometabolism and hypothermia of the genetically obese mouse is a result of reduced Na+-pump-related thermogenesis; and further, provides evidence that this may be the consequence of reduced nuclear binding of triiodothyronine.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: High concentration in the center of infarct in reperfused animals is consistent with the nonreflow phenomenon into the infarCTed area and is interpreted as demonstrating platelet trapping in the margins of an evolvinginfarct which may play a role in infarctor evolution.



Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The ability of hamster ova to tolerate storage at a relatively convenient temperature (−50°C) for long periods (tested for up to four months) makes possible their shipment at low cost to institutions lacking this resource.
Abstract: Mature unfertilized ova from superovulated hamsters were freed from all investments and frozen at −50°C. They were cooled at about 1°C/min to 0°C then at 0.8° to 0.6°C/min to −50°C. At 0°C, dimethyl sulfoxide was added to a final concentration of 1.25 M. The ova were stored at −50°C for up to four months. Thawing was performed at 2–4°C/min and followed by several washes with insemination medium. Approximately 90% of the ova were normal in appearance after thawing. The frozen and thawed ova with normal appearance could be penetrated by hamster or human spermatozoa at a rate comparable to unfrozen controls. The ability of hamster ova to tolerate storage at a relatively convenient temperature (−50°C) for long periods (tested for up to four months) makes possible their shipment at low cost to institutions lacking this resource. There they can be used for basic biological studies of sperm–egg interaction or in the clinical assessment of human sperm quality.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported that an average of over 20,500 cells/liter, including flagellates, was found for all depths counted, with diatoms, dinoflagellate, and coccolithophorids together accounting for half that number.
Abstract: Southeast of Hawaii in the central Pacific, phytoplankton samples were taken on three transects. An average of over 20,500 cells/liter, including flagellates, was found for all depths counted, with diatoms, dinoflagellates, and coccolithophorids together accounting (in about equal numbers) for half that number. Coccolithophorids were dominant at some depths. The profile of cell numbers with depth showed a subsurface maximum with decreasing numbers at greater depths. The empty cell counts followed the same profile, with counts that were almost an order of magnitude smaller, probably indicating much recycling within the euphotic zone. Diversity indices revealed the complexity of the phytoplankton communities on these transects, and the Shannon Weaver index (H′) summed over all depths for each station appeared to approach an asymptote in most cases. Transect C (northeast of the other sites) showed a deeper mixed layer and greater diversity.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The principal habitat of C. botulinum is the soil, although its distribution in the soil is sometimes highly regional, and the frequency of occurrence of type A and type B food-borne botulism parallels the distribution of these types inThe soil.
Abstract: Clostridium botulinum is not a well-defined species of bacterium. Instead, it is a conglomerate of four culturally distinct groups of organisms that, among them, produce seven serologically distinct toxins, all with similar pharmacological action. The principal habitat of C. botulinum is the soil, although its distribution in the soil is sometimes highly regional. Infant botulism is caused by two types of C. botulinum: type A and the proteolytic strains of type B. Type A strains, to whose toxin humans seem most susceptible, are found most frequently in the soil of the western United States; type B strains are somewhat more universally distributed, with a higher frequency of isolation from the soil of some Appalachian areas. The frequency of occurrence of type A and type B food-borne botulism parallels the distribution of these types in the soil.

ReportDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the assumption of constant relative risk aversion and joint normally distributed asset return assessments are jointly sufficient to derive asset demand functions with the two desirable (and frequently simply assumed) properties of wealth homogeneity and linearity in expected returns.
Abstract: Among the numerous familiar sets of specific assumptions sufficient to derive mean-variance portfolio behavior from more general expected utility maximization in continuous time, the assumptions of constant relative risk aversion and joint normally distributed asset return assessments are also jointly sufficient to derive asset demand functions with the two desirable (and frequently simply assumed) properties of wealth homogeneity and linearity in expected returns In addition, in discrete time constant relative risk aversion and joint normally distributed asset return assessments are sufficient to yield linear homogeneous asset demands as approximations if the time unit is small

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, strong new constraints on mixing angles in the six-quark model are implied, in terms of leptonic decay constants and Cabibbo angles in noncharm and charm sectors.
Abstract: This Letter accounts for the observed (i) enhancement of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{K}^{+})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}$ and (ii) suppression of $\frac{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}{\ensuremath{\Gamma}({D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}$ relative to ${{tan}^{2}\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{C}}$ in terms of (i) the ratio $\frac{{f}_{K}}{{f}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}}$ of leptonic decay constants and (ii) different effective Cabibbo angles in noncharm and charm sectors. Strong new constraints on mixing angles in the six-quark model are implied.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This paper showed that the epiglottis is an active and independent articulator in pharyngeal consonants and that it is involved in the production of the vowel [a] and in whisper.
Abstract: We believe that the importance of the epiglottis in speech has been generally underestimated in the phonetic literature. Our evidence leads us to conclude that the epiglottis is an active and independent articulator in the production of pharyngeal consonants and that it is involved in the production of the vowel [a] and in whisper. In earlier phonetic works that we have examined, to the extent that the epiglottis is mentioned at all, it is generally said to have no speech function. An exception to this is the work of Russell (1931), Appelman (1967) and Wilson (1976), where they suggest that the epiglottis is crucial to the production of [a], but because they rely on lateral x-rays, they are unable to complete a convincing case.

Book ChapterDOI
01 Jan 1979
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the applications of the photoaffinity technique to the study of active sites for energy transduction and the elucidation of active-site structure and in the mechanistic details of the catalytic process.
Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the applications of the photoaffinity technique to the study of active sites for energy transduction. One of the major metabolic controlling devices in bioenergetic systems, and perhaps the one most easily amenable to current investigative methodologies of photoaffinity labelling, is ligand interaction with receptor sites on membrane surfaces. Ion channels of excitable membranes consist of two functional components, which may or may not correspond to separate entities. There is an ion translocator that determines the type of ion having access to the channel, and a gate, which regulates the ion flow by opening or closing. In excitable tissues, this gate is under the control of the membrane potential. The ATP molecule contains three distinct structural groupings: (1) the adenine base, (2) the ribose sugar, and (3) the triphosphate component. A most significant contribution of photoaffinity labeling is in the elucidation of active-site structure and in the mechanistic details of the catalytic process

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The variability in luminescence found in some tissues of cephalopods appeared to be related to feeding, and Luminescence was also detected in the digestive glands of midwater octopods.
Abstract: Several tissues (e.g. kidney, blood, digestive gland) in oceanic cephalopods which do not exhibit in vivo bioluminescence, luminesce when homogenized in the presence of air or when simply exposed to air in a vial (blood). The source of the luminescence appears to be a luciferin: treatment of kidney homogenates and blood with a photophore extract presumably containing luciferase resulted in a 20-fold increase in light production. Luminescence was also found in the renal fluid, which may be the source of luminescent clouds produced by squids. The variability in luminescence found in some tissues of cephalopods appeared to be related to feeding. Luminescence was also detected in the digestive glands of midwater octopods.