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Showing papers by "University of Hawaii at Manoa published in 2021"


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a Delphi study with 14 international experts in sustainability education on the framework of key competencies in sustainability by Wiek et al. (Sustain Sci 6: 203-218, 2011), the most frequently cited framework to date, was conducted.
Abstract: Hundreds of sustainability programs have emerged at universities and colleges around the world over the past 2 decades. A prime question for employers, students, educators, and program administrators is what competencies these programs develop in students. This study explores convergence on competencies for sustainability programs. We conducted a Delphi study with 14 international experts in sustainability education on the framework of key competencies in sustainability by Wiek et al. (Sustain Sci 6: 203–218, 2011), the most frequently cited framework to date. While experts generally agreed with the framework, they propose two additional competencies, suggest a hierarchy of competencies, and specify learning objectives for students interested in a career as sustainability researcher. The refined framework can inform program development, implementation, and evaluation to enhance employability of graduates and facilitate comparison of sustainability programs worldwide.

203 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
Cathrine Axfors1, Cathrine Axfors2, Andreas M. Schmitt3, Andreas M. Schmitt4, Perrine Janiaud3, Janneke van’t Hooft2, Janneke van’t Hooft5, Sherief Abd-Elsalam6, Ehab F. Abdo7, Benjamin S. Abella8, Javed Akram9, Ravi K. Amaravadi8, Derek C. Angus10, Yaseen M. Arabi11, Shehnoor Azhar9, Lindsey R. Baden12, Arthur W. Baker13, Leila Belkhir14, Thomas Benfield15, Marvin A.H. Berrevoets, Cheng-Pin Chen16, Tsung-Chia Chen16, Shu-Hsing Cheng16, Chien-Yu Cheng16, Wei-Sheng Chung16, Yehuda Z. Cohen, Lisa N. Cowan, Olav Dalgard17, Olav Dalgard18, Fernando Val, Marcus V. G. Lacerda19, Gisely Cardoso de Melo, Lennie P. G. Derde20, Vincent Dubée, Anissa Elfakir, Anthony C. Gordon21, Carmen M. Hernández-Cárdenas, Thomas Hills22, Thomas Hills23, Andy I. M. Hoepelman20, Yi-Wen Huang16, Bruno Igau, Ronghua Jin24, Felipe Jurado-Camacho, Khalid S. Khan25, Peter G. Kremsner26, Benno Kreuels27, Benno Kreuels28, Cheng-Yu Kuo16, Thuy Le13, Yi-Chun Lin16, Wu-Pu Lin16, Tse-Hung Lin16, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken18, Magnus Nakrem Lyngbakken17, Colin McArthur23, Colin McArthur22, Colin McArthur29, Bryan J. McVerry10, Patricia Meza-Meneses, Wuelton Marcelo Monteiro, Susan C. Morpeth30, Ahmad Mourad13, Mark J. Mulligan, Srinivas Murthy31, Susanna Naggie13, Shanti Narayanasamy13, Alistair Nichol, Lewis A. Novack12, Sean M. O'Brien13, Nwora Lance Okeke13, Léna Perez, Rogelio Perez-Padilla, Laurent Perrin, Arantxa Remigio-Luna, Norma E. Rivera-Martinez, Frank W. Rockhold13, Sebastian Rodriguez-Llamazares, Robert Rolfe13, Rossana Rosa32, Helge Røsjø18, Helge Røsjø17, Vanderson de Souza Sampaio, Todd B. Seto33, Todd B. Seto34, Muhammad Shahzad9, Shaimaa Soliman35, Jason E. Stout13, Ireri Thirion-Romero, Andrea B. Troxel, Ting-Yu Tseng16, Nicholas A Turner13, Robert J. Ulrich, Stephen R. Walsh12, Steve Webb36, Steve Webb29, Jesper M. Weehuizen20, Maria Velinova, Hon-Lai Wong16, Rebekah Wrenn13, Fernando G. Zampieri, Wu Zhong, David Moher37, Steven N. Goodman2, John P. A. Ioannidis, Lars G. Hemkens3, Lars G. Hemkens2 
TL;DR: In this article, a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients was presented.
Abstract: Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.io/QESV4/ ). We systematically identified unpublished RCTs (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane COVID-registry up to June 11, 2020), and published RCTs (PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv up to October 16, 2020). All-cause mortality has been extracted (publications/preprints) or requested from investigators and combined in random-effects meta-analyses, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Prespecified subgroup analyses include patient setting, diagnostic confirmation, control type, and publication status. Sixty-three trials were potentially eligible. We included 14 unpublished trials (1308 patients) and 14 publications/preprints (9011 patients). Results for hydroxychloroquine are dominated by RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY, two highly pragmatic trials, which employed relatively high doses and included 4716 and 1853 patients, respectively (67% of the total sample size). The combined OR on all-cause mortality for hydroxychloroquine is 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.20; I² = 0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and for chloroquine 1.77 (95%CI: 0.15, 21.13, I² = 0%; 4 trials; 307 patients). We identified no subgroup effects. We found that treatment with hydroxychloroquine is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients, and there is no benefit of chloroquine. Findings have unclear generalizability to outpatients, children, pregnant women, and people with comorbidities. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine have been investigated as a potential treatment for Covid-19 in several clinical trials. Here the authors report a meta-analysis of published and unpublished trials, and show that treatment with hydroxychloroquine for patients with Covid-19 was associated with increased mortality, and there was no benefit from chloroquine.

165 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future.
Abstract: The carbon balance of peatlands is predicted to shift from a sink to a source this century. However, peatland ecosystems are still omitted from the main Earth system models that are used for future climate change projections, and they are not considered in integrated assessment models that are used in impact and mitigation studies. By using evidence synthesized from the literature and an expert elicitation, we define and quantify the leading drivers of change that have impacted peatland carbon stocks during the Holocene and predict their effect during this century and in the far future. We also identify uncertainties and knowledge gaps in the scientific community and provide insight towards better integration of peatlands into modelling frameworks. Given the importance of the contribution by peatlands to the global carbon cycle, this study shows that peatland science is a critical research area and that we still have a long way to go to fully understand the peatland–carbon–climate nexus. Peatlands are impacted by climate and land-use changes, with feedback to warming by acting as either sources or sinks of carbon. Expert elicitation combined with literature review reveals key drivers of change that alter peatland carbon dynamics, with implications for improving models.

141 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
David Danko1, Daniela Bezdan, Evan E. Afshin1, Sofia Ahsanuddin2  +678 moreInstitutions (47)
24 Jun 2021-Cell
TL;DR: This paper presented a global atlas of 4,728 metagenomic samples from mass-transit systems in 60 cities over three years, representing the first systematic, worldwide catalog of the urban microbial ecosystem.

123 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In 2018, the 25th year of development of radar altimetry was celebrated and the progress achieved by this methodology in the fields of global and coastal oceanography, hydrology, geodesy and cryospheric sciences as discussed by the authors.

105 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of 169 publications investigating how different forms of governance influence conservation outcomes, paying particular attention to the role played by Indigenous peoples and local communities.
Abstract: Debate about what proportion of the Earth to protect often overshadows the question of how nature should be conserved and by whom. We present a systematic review and narrative synthesis of 169 publications investigating how different forms of governance influence conservation outcomes, paying particular attention to the role played by Indigenous peoples and local communities. We find a stark contrast between the outcomes produced by externally controlled conservation, and those produced by locally controlled efforts. Crucially, most studies presenting positive outcomes for both well-being and conservation come from cases where Indigenous peoples and local communities play a central role, such as when they have substantial influence over decision making or when local institutions regulating tenure form a recognized part of governance. In contrast, when interventions are controlled by external organizations and involve strategies to change local practices and supersede customary institutions, they tend to result in relatively ineffective conservation at the same time as producing negative social outcomes. Our findings suggest that equitable conservation, which empowers and supports the environmental stewardship of Indigenous peoples and local communities represents the primary pathway to effective long-term conservation of biodiversity, particularly when upheld in wider law and policy. Whether for protected areas in biodiversity hotspots or restoration of highly modified ecosystems, whether involving highly traditional or diverse and dynamic local communities, conservation can become more effective through an increased focus on governance type and quality, and fostering solutions that reinforce the role, capacity, and rights of Indigenous peoples and local communities. We detail how to enact progressive governance transitions through recommendations for conservation policy, with immediate relevance for how to achieve the next decade’s conservation targets under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity.

92 citations


Proceedings ArticleDOI
06 May 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present 17 key research challenges developed over multiple sessions by a diverse group of 24 international experts, initiated from a virtual scientific workshop at ACM CHI 2020, aiming to coordinate future work by providing a systematic roadmap of current directions and impending hurdles to facilitate productive and effective applications for immersive analytics.
Abstract: Immersive Analytics is a quickly evolving field that unites several areas such as visualisation, immersive environments, and human-computer interaction to support human data analysis with emerging technologies. This research has thrived over the past years with multiple workshops, seminars, and a growing body of publications, spanning several conferences. Given the rapid advancement of interaction technologies and novel application domains, this paper aims toward a broader research agenda to enable widespread adoption. We present 17 key research challenges developed over multiple sessions by a diverse group of 24 international experts, initiated from a virtual scientific workshop at ACM CHI 2020. These challenges aim to coordinate future work by providing a systematic roadmap of current directions and impending hurdles to facilitate productive and effective applications for Immersive Analytics.

91 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is concluded that e-cigarette use has consequences for asthma and COPD, which is of concern for respirology and public health.
Abstract: Background Use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) is prevalent among adolescents and young adults, but there has been limited knowledge about health consequences in human populations. We conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of results on respiratory disorders from studies of general-population samples and consider the mapping of these results to findings about biological processes linked to e-cigarettes in controlled laboratory studies. Method We conducted a literature search and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies on the association of e-cigarette use with asthma and with COPD. We discuss findings from laboratory studies about effects of e-cigarettes on four biological processes: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress/inflammation, susceptibility to infection and genetic expression. Results Epidemiological studies, both cross-sectional and longitudinal, show a significant association of e-cigarette use with asthma and COPD, controlling for cigarette smoking and other covariates. For asthma (n=15 studies), the pooled adjusted odds ratio (aOR) was 1.39 (95% CI 1.28–1.51); for COPD (n=9 studies) the aOR was 1.49 (95% CI 1.36–1.65). Laboratory studies consistently show an effect of e-cigarettes on biological processes related to respiratory harm and susceptibility to illness, with e-cigarette conditions differing significantly from clean-air controls, although sometimes less than for cigarettes. Conclusions The evidence from epidemiological studies meets established criteria for consistency, strength of effect, temporality, and in some cases a dose–response gradient. Biological plausibility is indicated by evidence from multiple laboratory studies. We conclude that e-cigarette use has consequences for asthma and COPD, which is of concern for respirology and public health.

86 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A more discriminative probe for HMGB1 may be necessary to advance the knowledge ofHMGB1, HM GB1 antagonists, and inflammatory‐related diseases.
Abstract: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was initially recognized as a ubiquitous nuclear protein involved in maintaining the nucleosome integrity and facilitating gene transcription. HMGB1 has since been reevaluated to be a prototypical damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein, and together with its exogenous counterpart, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP), completes the body's alarmin system against disturbances in homeostasis. HMGB1 can be released into the extracellular matrix (ECM) by either granulocytes or necrotic cells to serve as a chemotaxis/cytokine during infection, endotoxemia, hypoxia, ischemia-reperfusion events, and cancer. Different isoforms of HMGB1 present with distinctive physiological functions in ECM-fully-reduced HMGB1 (all thiol) acts as the initial damage signal to recruit circulating myeloid cells, disulfide HMGB1 behaves as a cytokine to activate macrophages and neutrophils, and both signals are turned off when HMGB1 is terminally oxidized into the final sulfonate form. Targeting HMGB1 constitutes a favorable therapeutic strategy for inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Antagonists such as ethyl pyruvate inhibit HMGB1 by interfering with its cytoplasmic exportation, while others such as glycyrrhizin directly bind to HMGB1 and render it unavailable for its receptors. The fact that a mixture of different HMGB1 isoforms is present in the ECM poses a challenge in pinpointing the exact role of an individual antagonist. A more discriminative probe for HMGB1 may be necessary to advance our knowledge of HMGB1, HMGB1 antagonists, and inflammatory-related diseases.

85 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
15 Jul 2021
TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare 13 nitrogen budget datasets covering 115 countries and regions over 1961-2015 and find that the most uncertain nitrogen budget terms by country showed ranges as large as their medians, revealing areas for improvement.
Abstract: Input–output estimates of nitrogen on cropland are essential for improving nitrogen management and better understanding the global nitrogen cycle. Here, we compare 13 nitrogen budget datasets covering 115 countries and regions over 1961–2015. Although most datasets showed similar spatiotemporal patterns, some annual estimates varied widely among them, resulting in large ranges and uncertainty. In 2010, global medians (in TgN yr−1) and associated minimum–maximum ranges were 73 (64–84) for global harvested crop nitrogen; 161 (139–192) for total nitrogen inputs; 86 (68–97) for nitrogen surplus; and 46% (40–53%) for nitrogen use efficiency. Some of the most uncertain nitrogen budget terms by country showed ranges as large as their medians, revealing areas for improvement. A benchmark nitrogen budget dataset, derived from central tendencies of the original datasets, can be used in model comparisons and inform sustainable nitrogen management in food systems. Existing datasets of nitrogen (N) balance in agriculture are often discrepant. Comparing 13 of them regarding five metrics (fertilizer application, manure application, biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition, and N harvested as crop products) over 1961–2015 reveals why. Recommendations for improving N quantification and an N budget benchmark dataset are also proposed.

77 citations


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, two bio-mediated methods, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzymatic-influenced carbonates precipitation (EICP), were investigated and compared for their effectiveness in mitigating sand dune erosion under wave attack.
Abstract: Due to more extreme weather events and accelerating sea-level rise, coastal sand dunes are subjected to more frequent storm wave inundation and surge impacts, which contribute to widespread coastal erosion problems. In this study, two novel bio-mediated methods, microbial-induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) and enzymatic-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP), were investigated and compared for their effectiveness in mitigating sand dune erosion under wave attack. Small-scale laboratory model tests were performed on MICP-treated, EICP-treated, and untreated sand dunes at dune slope angles and two wave intensities for up to 2 h. The cross-shore profile was captured continuously during the course of the erosion test. The erosion volume above the still water level (SWL) and landward retreat distance at the SWL were calculated based on the captured bed profiles. The results show that both EICP and MICP could substantially reduce sand dune erosion at mild-to-moderate wave and dune slope conditions. However, the effectiveness of MICP treatment deteriorated at steeper dune slopes with longer period of wave attack. Under the most adverse condition (i.e., steepest dune slope, biggest wave, and longest period of wave attack), neither EICP nor MICP could effectively mitigate erosion. Fundamentally, the variable effectiveness of MICP and EICP treatment for sand dune erosion control was attributed to the spatial distribution pattern of formed calcite precipitation, which was determined by the way how EICP and MICP were applied. The calcite precipitation was relatively uniform in EICP-treated sand dunes. In MICP-treated ones, however, substantial calcite precipitation concentrated in the shallow surface layer as confirmed by the surface penetration test and SEM observation.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors summarized the current, state-of-the-art understanding of mask usage against COVID-19, including quality standards for various face masks and their fundamental filtration mechanisms, empirical methods for quantitatively determining mask integrity, and decontamination methods that allow for reuse of traditionally disposable N95 and surgical masks.


Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This article explored nursing students' perspectives about the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on their education and intention to join the nursing workforce and highlighted the need to develop emergency education preparedness plans that address student wellbeing and novel collaborative partnerships between schools and clinical partners.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2O emission reduction, the evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N 2O emissions while still achieving high crop yields.
Abstract: Improved nitrogen (N) use is key to future food security and environmental sustainability While many regions still experience N shortages, agriculture is the leading global emitter of N2 O due to losses exacerbated by N surpluses in other regions In order to sustainably maintain or increase food production, farmers and their advisors need a comprehensive and actionable understanding of how nutrient management affects both yield and N2 O emissions, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems We performed a meta-analysis to determine the effect of N management and other factors on N2 O emissions, plant N uptake, and yield Our analysis demonstrates that performance indicators-partial N balance and partial factor productivity-predicted N2 O emissions as well as or better than N rate While we observed consistent production and environmental benefits with enhanced-efficiency fertilizers, we noted potential trade-offs between yield and N2 O emissions for fertilizer placement Furthermore, we observed confounding effects due to management dynamics that co-vary with nutrient application practices, thus challenging the interpretation of the effect of specific practices such as fertilization frequency Therefore, rather than providing universally prescriptive management for N2 O emission reduction, our evidence supports mitigation strategies based upon tailored nutrient management approaches that keep N balances within safe limits, so as to minimize N2 O emissions while still achieving high crop yields The limited evidence available suggests that these relationships hold for temperate, tropical, and subtropical regions, but given the potential for expansion of N use in crop production, further N2 O data collection should be prioritized in under-represented regions such as Sub-Saharan Africa

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reported the detection of a new nonfunctionalised hydrocarbon cycle in the direction of TMC-1: o -C6 H4 (ortho-benzyne).
Abstract: We report the detection, for the first time in space, of a new non-functionalised hydrocarbon cycle in the direction of TMC-1: o -C6 H4 (ortho-benzyne). We derive a column density for this hydrocarbon cycle of (5.0 ± 1.0) × 1011 cm−2 . The abundance of this species is around 30 times lower than that of cyclopentadiene and indene. We compare the abundance of benzyne with that of other pure hydrocarbons, cycles or chains, and find that it could be formed from neutral-radical reactions such as C2 H + CH2 CHCCH and C + C5 H5 , and possibly through C4 H + C2 H4 , C3 H + CH2 CCH2 , and C3 H2 + C3 H3 . Hence, the rich content of hydrocarbon cycles observed in TMC-1 could arise through a bottom-up scenario involving reactions of a few radicals with the abundant hydrocarbons recently revealed by the QUIJOTE line survey.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: This work demonstrates a quantitative relationship between structural distortion and PL property of the halide perovskites but also illustrates the use of knowledge gained from high-pressure research to achieve the desired properties by ambient methods.
Abstract: Metal halide perovskites possess unique atomic and electronic configurations that endow them with high defect tolerance and enable high-performance photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Perovskite light-emitting diodes have achieved an external quantum efficiency of over 20%. Despite tremendous progress, fundamental questions remain, such as how structural distortion affects the optical properties. Addressing their relationships is considerably challenging due to the scarcity of effective diagnostic tools during structural and property tuning as well as the limited tunability achievable by conventional methods. Here, using pressure and chemical methods to regulate the metal off-centering distortion, we demonstrate the giant tunability of photoluminescence (PL) in both the intensity (>20 times) and wavelength (>180 nm/GPa) in the highly distorted halide perovskites [CH3NH3GeI3, HC(NH2)2GeI3, and CsGeI3]. Using advanced in situ high-pressure probes and first-principles calculations, we quantitatively reveal a universal relationship whereby regulating the level of off-centering distortion towards 0.2 leads to the best PL performance in the halide perovskites. By applying this principle, intense PL can still be induced by substituting CH3NH3+ with Cs+ to control the distortion in (CH3NH3)1-xCsxGeI3, where the chemical substitution plays a similar role as external pressure. The compression of a fully substituted sample of CsGeI3 further tunes the distortion to the optimal value at 0.7 GPa, which maximizes the emission with a 10-fold enhancement. This work not only demonstrates a quantitative relationship between structural distortion and PL property of the halide perovskites but also illustrates the use of knowledge gained from high-pressure research to achieve the desired properties by ambient methods.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the 2D perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2 was shown to achieve a 3 orders of magnitude increase in photoresponse under pressure tuning.
Abstract: Pressure processing is efficient to regulate the structural and physical properties of two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites which have been emerging for advanced photovoltaic and light-emitting applications. Increasing numbers of studies have reported pressure-induced and/or enhanced emission properties in the 2D halide perovskites. However, no research has focused on their photoresponse properties under pressure tuning. It is also unclear how structural change affects their excitonic features, which govern the optoelectronic properties of the halide perovskites. Herein, we report significantly enhanced photocurrents in the all-inorganic 2D perovskite Cs2PbI2Cl2, achieving over 3 orders of magnitude increase at the industrially achievable level of 2 GPa in comparison with its initial photocurrent. Lattice compression effectively regulates the excitonic features of Cs2PbI2Cl2, reducing the exciton binding energy considerably from 133 meV at ambient conditions to 78 meV at 2.1 GPa. Impressively, such a reduced exciton binding energy of 2D Cs2PbI2Cl2 is comparable to the values of typical 3D perovskites (MAPbBr3 and MAPbI3), facilitating the dissociating of excitons into free carriers and enhancing the photocurrent. Further pressurization leads to a layer-sliding-induced phase transition and an anomalous negative linear compression, which has not been observed so far in other halide perovskites. Our findings reveal the dramatically enhanced photocurrents in the 2D halide perovskite by regulating its excitonic features and, more broadly, provide new insights into materials design toward extraordinary properties.

Journal ArticleDOI
02 Jan 2021
TL;DR: The literature on global trends in recreational fishing, the determinants of participation in recreational fish, and the social embedding of recreational fishing in the public eye are reviewed in this paper.
Abstract: The literature on global trends in recreational fishing, the determinants of participation in recreational fishing, and the social embedding of recreational fishing in the public eye are reviewed a

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150~MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Bo\"{o}tes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32$~\mu$Jy\,beam$^{-1}$, respectively as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: We present the source associations, cross-identifications, and multi-wavelength properties of the faint radio source population detected in the deep tier of the LOFAR Two Metre Sky Survey (LoTSS): the LoTSS Deep Fields. The first LoTSS Deep Fields data release consists of deep radio imaging at 150~MHz of the ELAIS-N1, Lockman Hole, and Bo\"{o}tes fields, down to RMS sensitives of around 20, 22, and 32$~\mu$Jy\,beam$^{-1}$, respectively. These fields are some of the best studied extra-galactic fields in the northern sky, with existing deep, wide-area panchromatic photometry from X-ray to infrared wavelengths, covering a total of $\approx$~26~\mbox{deg$^{2}$}. We first generated improved multi-wavelength catalogues in ELAIS-N1 and Lockman Hole; combined with the existing catalogue for Bo\"{o}tes, we present forced, matched aperture photometry for over 7.2 million sources across the three fields. We identified multi-wavelength counterparts to the radio detected sources, using a combination of the Likelihood Ratio method and visual classification, which greatly enhances the scientific potential of radio surveys and allows for the characterisation of the photometric redshifts and the physical properties of the host galaxies. The final radio-optical cross-matched catalogue consists of 81\,951 radio-detected sources, with counterparts identified and multi-wavelength properties presented for 79\,820 ($>$97\%) sources. We also examine the properties of the host galaxies, and through stacking analysis find that the radio population with no identified counterpart is likely dominated by AGN at $z\sim3-4$. This dataset contains one of the largest samples of radio-selected star-forming galaxies and active galactic nuclei (AGN) at these depths, making it ideal for studying the history of star-formation, and the evolution of galaxies and AGN across cosmic time.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis.
Abstract: Skin-interfaced wearable systems with integrated colorimetric assays, microfluidic channels, and electrochemical sensors offer powerful capabilities for noninvasive, real-time sweat analysis. This Perspective details recent progress in the development and translation of novel wearable sensors for personalized assessment of sweat dynamics and biomarkers, with precise sampling and real-time analysis. Sensor accuracy, system ruggedness, and large-scale deployment in remote environments represent key opportunity areas, enabling broad deployment in the context of field studies, clinical trials, and recent commercialization. On-body measurements in these contexts show good agreement compared to conventional laboratory-based sweat analysis approaches. These device demonstrations highlight the utility of biochemical sensing platforms for personalized assessment of performance, wellness, and health across a broad range of applications.

Journal ArticleDOI
Bo Li1, Doris Y W Di1, Prakit Saingam1, Min Ki Jeon1, Tao Yan1 
TL;DR: Wastewater is a pooled sampling instrument that may provide rapid and even early disease signals in the surveillance of COVID-19 disease at the community level, yet the fine-scale temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater remains poorly understood as discussed by the authors.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors present updated evidence on the safety, efficacy and acceptability of a direct-to-patient telemedicine abortion service and describe how the service functioned during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, 1.3 mm continuum ALMA long-baseline observations at 3-5 au resolution of 10 of the brightest discs from the Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) project were used to identify a total of 26 narrow rings and gaps distributed in 8 sources and 3 discs with small dust cavities.
Abstract: We present 1.3 mm continuum ALMA long-baseline observations at 3-5 au resolution of 10 of the brightest discs from the Ophiuchus DIsc Survey Employing ALMA (ODISEA) project. We identify a total of 26 narrow rings and gaps distributed in 8 sources and 3 discs with small dust cavities (r $ $20 au). We find that the 1.3 mm radial profiles of these objects are in good agreement with those produced by numerical simulations of dust evolution and planet-disc interactions, which predict the accumulation of mm-sized grains at the edges of planet-induced cavities. Our long-baseline observations resulted in the largest sample of discs observed at $\sim$3-5 au resolution in any given star-forming region (15 objects when combined with Ophiuchus objects in the DSHARP Large Program) and allow for a demographic study of the brightest $\sim5\%$ of the discs in Ophiuchus (i.e. the most likely formation sites of giant planets in the cloud). We use this unique sample to propose an evolutionary sequence and discuss a scenario in which the substructures observed in massive protoplanetary discs are mainly the result of planet formation and dust evolution. If this scenario is correct, the detailed study of disc substructures might provide a window to investigate a population of planets that remains mostly undetectable by other techniques.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the value of service robots from the guest's perspective and gained a deeper understanding of the co-value creation process in the context of full-service hotels.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a hybrid nanofibrous hydrogel-reduced graphene oxide (NHrG) membrane is demonstrated in this work, and the vaporization of intermediate water dominates the interfacial evaporation process.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Zhang et al. as mentioned in this paper found that perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors were significant predictors of psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight, while problematic smartphone application use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming.
Abstract: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and its resulting social policy changes may result in psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. This study thus aimed to (1) compare psychological distress (including fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, and depression), perceived weight stigma, and problematic internet-related behaviors between schoolchildren with and without overweight; (2) assess whether perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors explained psychological distress. Schoolchildren (n = 1357; mean age = 10.7 years) with overweight (n = 236) and without overweight (n = 1121) completed an online survey assessing their fear of COVID-19 infection, stress, anxiety, depression, perceived weight stigma, problematic smartphone application use, problematic social media use, and problematic gaming. Schoolchildren with overweight had significantly higher levels of COVID-19 infection fear, stress, depression, perceived weight stigma, and problematic social media use than those without overweight. Regression models showed that perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors were significant predictors of psychological distress among schoolchildren with overweight. Strategies to manage perceived weight stigma and problematic internet-related behaviors may have a positive influence on mental health among schoolchildren with overweight under health-threatening circumstances, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a soft, epidermal microfluidic device ("sweat sticker") is designed for the simple and rapid collection and analysis of sweat for confirmatory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis.
Abstract: The concentration of chloride in sweat remains the most robust biomarker for confirmatory diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF), a common life-shortening genetic disorder. Early diagnosis via quantitative assessment of sweat chloride allows prompt initiation of care and is critically important to extend life expectancy and improve quality of life. The collection and analysis of sweat using conventional wrist-strapped devices and iontophoresis can be cumbersome, particularly for infants with fragile skin, who often have insufficient sweat production. Here, we introduce a soft, epidermal microfluidic device ("sweat sticker") designed for the simple and rapid collection and analysis of sweat. Intimate, conformal coupling with the skin supports nearly perfect efficiency in sweat collection without leakage. Real-time image analysis of chloride reagents allows for quantitative assessment of chloride concentrations using a smartphone camera, without requiring extraction of sweat or external analysis. Clinical validation studies involving patients with CF and healthy subjects, across a spectrum of age groups, support clinical equivalence compared to existing device platforms in terms of accuracy and demonstrate meaningful reductions in rates of leakage. The wearable microfluidic technologies and smartphone-based analytics reported here establish the foundation for diagnosis of CF outside of clinical settings.

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reported the detection of a new non-functionalised hydrocarbon cycle in the direction of TMC-1: o-C6H4 (ortho-benzyne).
Abstract: We report the detection, for the first time in space, of a new non-functionalised hydrocarbon cycle in the direction of TMC-1: o-C6H4 (ortho-benzyne). We derive a column density for this hydrocarbon cycle of (5 +/- 1)e11 cm-2. The abundance of this species is around 30 times lower than that of cyclopentadiene and indene. We compare the abundance of benzyne with that of other pure hydrocarbons, cycles or chains, and find that it could be formed from neutral-radical reactions such as C2H + CH2CHCCH and C + C5H5, and possibly through C4H + C2H4, C3H + CH2CCH2, and C3H2 + C3H3. Hence, the rich content of hydrocarbon cycles observed in TMC-1 could arise through a bottom-up scenario involving reactions of a few radicals with the abundant hydrocarbons recently revealed by the QUIJOTE line survey.