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Institution

University of Hawaii at Manoa

EducationHonolulu, Hawaii, United States
About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea surface temperature. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
01 Aug 2018-PLOS ONE
TL;DR: It is shown that the most commonly used plastics produce two greenhouse gases, methane and ethylene, when exposed to ambient solar radiation, and plastics represent a heretofore unrecognized source of climate-relevant trace gases that are expected to increase as more plastic is produced and accumulated in the environment.
Abstract: Mass production of plastics started nearly 70 years ago and the production rate is expected to double over the next two decades. While serving many applications because of their durability, stability and low cost, plastics have deleterious effects on the environment. Plastic is known to release a variety of chemicals during degradation, which has a negative impact on biota. Here, we show that the most commonly used plastics produce two greenhouse gases, methane and ethylene, when exposed to ambient solar radiation. Polyethylene, which is the most produced and discarded synthetic polymer globally, is the most prolific emitter of both gases. We demonstrate that the production of trace gases from virgin low-density polyethylene increase with time, with rates at the end of a 212-day incubation of 5.8 nmol g-1 d-1 of methane, 14.5 nmol g-1 d-1 of ethylene, 3.9 nmol g-1 d-1 of ethane and 9.7 nmol g-1 d-1 of propylene. Environmentally aged plastics incubated in water for at least 152 days also produced hydrocarbon gases. In addition, low-density polyethylene emits these gases when incubated in air at rates ~2 times and ~76 times higher than when incubated in water for methane and ethylene, respectively. Our results show that plastics represent a heretofore unrecognized source of climate-relevant trace gases that are expected to increase as more plastic is produced and accumulated in the environment.

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
15 Nov 2012-Nature
TL;DR: It is found that SST warming patterns are the main cause of the weakened Walker circulation over the past six decades, and model experiments show that the observed slowdown in the Walker circulation is presumably driven by oceanic rather than atmospheric processes.
Abstract: Global mean sea surface temperature (SST) has risen steadily over the past century, but the overall pattern contains extensive and often uncertain spatial variations, with potentially important effects on regional precipitation. Observations suggest a slowdown of the zonal atmospheric overturning circulation above the tropical Pacific Ocean (the Walker circulation) over the twentieth century. Although this change has been attributed to a muted hydrological cycle forced by global warming, the effect of SST warming patterns has not been explored and quantified. Here we perform experiments using an atmospheric model, and find that SST warming patterns are the main cause of the weakened Walker circulation over the past six decades (1950-2009). The SST trend reconstructed from bucket-sampled SST and night-time marine surface air temperature features a reduced zonal gradient in the tropical Indo-Pacific Ocean, a change consistent with subsurface temperature observations. Model experiments with this trend pattern robustly simulate the observed changes, including the Walker circulation slowdown and the eastward shift of atmospheric convection from the Indonesian maritime continent to the central tropical Pacific. Our results cannot establish whether the observed changes are due to natural variability or anthropogenic global warming, but they do show that the observed slowdown in the Walker circulation is presumably driven by oceanic rather than atmospheric processes.

296 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Brian M. Wolpin1, Cosmeri Rizzato2, Peter Kraft1, Charles Kooperberg3, Gloria M. Petersen4, Zhaoming Wang5, Alan A. Arslan6, Laura Beane-Freeman5, Paige M. Bracci7, Julie E. Buring1, Federico Canzian2, Eric J. Duell, Steven Gallinger8, Graham G. Giles9, Gary E. Goodman3, Phyllis J. Goodman3, Eric J. Jacobs10, Aruna Kamineni11, Alison P. Klein12, Laurence N. Kolonel13, Matthew H. Kulke1, Donghui Li14, Núria Malats15, Sara H. Olson16, Harvey A. Risch17, Howard D. Sesso18, Howard D. Sesso1, Kala Visvanathan12, Emily White3, Emily White19, Wei Zheng20, Christian C. Abnet5, Demetrius Albanes5, Gabriella Andreotti5, Melissa A. Austin19, Richard Barfield1, Daniela Basso, Sonja I. Berndt5, Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault21, Michelle Brotzman22, Markus W. Büchler23, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita24, Peter Bugert23, Laurie Burdette5, Daniele Campa2, Neil E. Caporaso5, Gabriele Capurso25, Charles C. Chung5, Michelle Cotterchio8, Eithne Costello26, Joanne W. Elena5, Niccola Funel27, J. Michael Gaziano18, J. Michael Gaziano28, J. Michael Gaziano1, Nathalia Giese23, Edward Giovannucci1, Michael Goggins12, Megan J. Gorman1, Myron D. Gross29, Christopher A. Haiman30, Manal M. Hassan14, Kathy J. Helzlsouer31, Brian E. Henderson30, Elizabeth A. Holly7, Nan Hu5, David J. Hunter1, Federico Innocenti32, Mazda Jenab33, Rudolf Kaaks2, Timothy J. Key34, Kay-Tee Khaw35, Eric A. Klein36, Manolis Kogevinas, Vittorio Krogh, Juozas Kupcinskas37, Robert C. Kurtz16, Andrea Z. LaCroix3, Maria Teresa Landi5, Stefano Landi27, Loic Le Marchand13, Andrea Mambrini, Satu Männistö38, Roger L. Milne39, Yusuke Nakamura40, Ann L. Oberg4, Kouros Owzar41, Alpa V. Patel10, Petra H.M. Peeters24, Petra H.M. Peeters42, Ulrike Peters3, Raffaele Pezzilli43, Ada Piepoli44, Miquel Porta45, Miquel Porta46, Francisco X. Real15, Francisco X. Real46, Elio Riboli42, Nathaniel Rothman5, Aldo Scarpa, Xiao-Ou Shu20, Debra T. Silverman5, Pavel Soucek, Malin Sund47, Renata Talar-Wojnarowska48, Philip R. Taylor5, George Theodoropoulos, Mark D. Thornquist3, Anne Tjønneland, Geoffrey S. Tobias5, Dimitrios Trichopoulos, Pavel Vodicka49, Jean Wactawski-Wende18, Nicolas Wentzensen5, Chen Wu1, Herbert Yu13, Kai Yu5, Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte6, Robert N. Hoover5, Patricia Hartge5, Charles S. Fuchs1, Stephen J. Chanock5, Rachael S. Stolzenberg-Solomon5, Laufey T. Amundadottir5 
TL;DR: This study identified multiple new susceptibility alleles for pancreatic cancer that are worthy of follow-up studies and an independent signal in exon 2 of TERT at the established region 5p15.
Abstract: We performed a multistage genome-wide association study including 7,683 individuals with pancreatic cancer and 14,397 controls of European descent. Four new loci reached genome-wide significance: rs6971499 at 7q32.3 (LINC-PINT, per-allele odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74-0.84, P = 3.0 × 10(-12)), rs7190458 at 16q23.1 (BCAR1/CTRB1/CTRB2, OR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.30-1.65, P = 1.1 × 10(-10)), rs9581943 at 13q12.2 (PDX1, OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.10-1.20, P = 2.4 × 10(-9)) and rs16986825 at 22q12.1 (ZNRF3, OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.12-1.25, P = 1.2 × 10(-8)). We identified an independent signal in exon 2 of TERT at the established region 5p15.33 (rs2736098, OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.76-0.85, P = 9.8 × 10(-14)). We also identified a locus at 8q24.21 (rs1561927, P = 1.3 × 10(-7)) that approached genome-wide significance located 455 kb telomeric of PVT1. Our study identified multiple new susceptibility alleles for pancreatic cancer that are worthy of follow-up studies.

295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, an analysis of climate model simulations shows that warm regions are projected to become wetter in annual mean, whereas seasonally high rainfall anomalies are expected in regions that are currently wet.
Abstract: The response of tropical precipitation to global warming varies spatially and the factors controlling the spatial patterns of precipitation changes are unclear. An analysis of climate model simulations shows that warm regions are projected to become wetter in annual mean, whereas seasonally high rainfall anomalies are expected in regions that are currently wet.

295 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The convergence of JSFP to a pure Nash equilibrium in congestion games, or equivalently in finite potential games, when players use some inertia in their decisions and in both cases of with or without exponential discounting of the historical data.
Abstract: We consider multi-player repeated games involving a large number of players with large strategy spaces and enmeshed utility structures. In these ldquolarge-scalerdquo games, players are inherently faced with limitations in both their observational and computational capabilities. Accordingly, players in large-scale games need to make their decisions using algorithms that accommodate limitations in information gathering and processing. This disqualifies some of the well known decision making models such as ldquoFictitious Playrdquo (FP), in which each player must monitor the individual actions of every other player and must optimize over a high dimensional probability space. We will show that Joint Strategy Fictitious Play (JSFP), a close variant of FP, alleviates both the informational and computational burden of FP. Furthermore, we introduce JSFP with inertia, i.e., a probabilistic reluctance to change strategies, and establish the convergence to a pure Nash equilibrium in all generalized ordinal potential games in both cases of averaged or exponentially discounted historical data. We illustrate JSFP with inertia on the specific class of congestion games, a subset of generalized ordinal potential games. In particular, we illustrate the main results on a distributed traffic routing problem and derive tolling procedures that can lead to optimized total traffic congestion.

295 citations


Authors

Showing all 13867 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Pulickel M. Ajayan1761223136241
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Qiang Zhang1611137100950
Jack M. Guralnik14845383701
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
James A. Richardson13636375778
Donna Neuberg13581072653
Jian Zhou128300791402
Eric F. Bell12863172542
Jorge Luis Rodriguez12883473567
Bin Wang126222674364
Nicholas J. Schork12558762131
Matthew Jones125116196909
Anthony F. Jorm12479867120
Adam G. Riess118363117310
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202362
2022244
20211,111
20201,164
20191,151
20181,154