University of Hawaii at Manoa

About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.

Tropical Indian Ocean Influence on Northwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones in Summer following Strong El Niño

Abstract: In the summer following a strong El Nino, tropical cyclone (TC) number decreases over the Northwest (NW) Pacific despite little change in local sea surface temperature. The authors’ analysis suggests El Nino–induced tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) warming as the cause. The TIO warming forces a warm tropospheric Kelvin wave that propagates into the western Pacific. Inducing surface divergence off the equator, the tropospheric Kelvin wave suppresses convection and induces an anomalous anticyclone over the NW Pacific, both anomalies unfavorable for TCs. The westerly vertical shear associated with the warm Kelvin wave reduces the magnitude of vertical shear in the South China Sea and strengthens it in the NW Pacific, an east–west variation that causes TC activity to increase and decrease in respective regions. These results help improve seasonal TC prediction.

Restaurant Servicescape, Service Encounter, and Perceived Congruency on Customers' Emotions and Satisfaction

Abstract: This study examines the relative impact of physical surroundings and customer-employee interactions on customers' emotions and satisfaction. A field study was conducted in an actual restaurant setting. Subjects were interviewed at the end of the meal and asked to complete a survey instrument. Results indicate that both the servicescape and the service encounter influence pleasure and satisfaction. In addition, perceived congruency (i.e., matching the restaurant theme with food served, and matching the exterior look with the interior decor) had a positive impact on pleasure level, while such impact on arousal was minimal. Further, perceived congruency and pleasure had a joint impact on satisfaction. Managerial and future research implications are reported and discussed.

β2-Glycoprotein 1–Dependent Anticardiolipin Antibodies and Risk of Ischemic Stroke and Myocardial Infarction The Honolulu Heart Program

Abstract: Background — It has been hypothesized that immunoreactivity to β2-glycoprotein 1 (β2GP1)-dependent anticardiolipin antibody (aCL), but not β2GP1-independent aCL, is associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction (MI). Methods — We performed a nested case-control study examining aCL as a risk factor for ischemic stroke and MI by using stored frozen sera obtained from subjects enrolled in the Honolulu Heart Program and followed for up for 20 years. We measured β2GP1-dependent and β2GP1-independent aCL and anti-β2GP1 immunoreactivity in 259 men who developed an ischemic stroke, in 374 men who developed an MI, and in a control group of 1360 men who remained free of both conditions. Results — Only β2GP1-dependent aCL of the IgG class was significantly associated with both incident ischemic stroke and MI. This association was attenuated in the last 5 years of the 20-year follow-up. For stroke, the risk factor–adjusted relative odds for men with a positive versus a negative β2GP1-dependent aCL of the IgG class were 2.2 (95% CI 1.5 to 3.4) at 15 years and 1.5 (95% CI 1.0 to 2.3) at 20 years. For MI, the adjusted relative odds were 1.8 (95% CI 1.2 to 2.6) at 15 years and 1.5 (95% CI 1.1 to 2.1) at 20 years. Conclusions — These data suggest that aCL IgG, particularly the β2GP1-dependent variety, is an important predictor of future stroke and MI in men.

Temporal and spatial response of bacterioplankton lineages to annual convective overturn at the Bermuda Atlantic Time‐series Study site

Abstract: We used terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP), clone library, phylogenetic, and bulk nucleic acid hybridization analyses to identify and characterize spatial and temporal patterns in marine bacterioplankton communities at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of monthly surface and 200-m bacterial 16S rDNA T-RFLP fragments from 1992 to 2002 revealed temporal trends in bacterial community structure in different depth horizons. A 200-m 16S rRNA gene clone library was used to identify fragments increasing in relative abundance following mixing events and to link observed terminal restriction fragments with those predicted from sequence data. T-RFLP fragments matching those of cloned OCS116, SAR11, and marine Actinobacteria rRNA genes exhibited the strongest increases at 200 m following convective overturn, and fragments attributable to SAR11, SAR86, and SAR116 rRNA genes exhibited the strongest increases at the ocean surface during summer time periods. Variability in the distribution and relative abundance of fragments assigned to different SAR11 and SAR86 subclusters was also evident. Quantitative hybridization of extracted 16S rRNA with radiolabeled, taxonspecific oligonucleotide probes provided additional data supporting spatial and temporal patterns of lineage distributions and abundances suggested by ordination. Overall increases in the relative abundance of T-RFLP fragments attributable to the OCS116, SAR11, and marine Actinobacteria clusters following convective overturn suggest that members of these groups may play important roles in dissolved organic carbon dynamics at BATS.

Effect of calcium and vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure: the Women's Health Initiative Randomized Trial.

Abstract: Experimental and epidemiological studies suggest that calcium and vitamin D supplements may lower blood pressure. We examined the effect of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Calcium/Vitamin D Trial randomly assigned 36 282 postmenopausal women to receive 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo in a double-blind fashion. Change in blood pressure and the incidence of hypertension were ascertained. Over a median follow-up time of 7 years, there was no significant difference in the mean change over time in systolic blood pressure (0.22 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.49 mm Hg) and diastolic blood pressure (0.11 mm Hg; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.27 mm Hg) between the active and placebo treatment groups. This null result was robust in analyses accounting for nonadherence to study pills and in baseline subgroups of interest, including black subjects and women with hypertension or high levels of blood pressure, with low intakes of calcium and vitamin D or low serum levels of vitamin D. In 17 122 nonhypertensive participants at baseline, the hazard ratio for incident hypertension associated with calcium/vitamin D treatment was 1.01 (95% CI: 0.96 to 1.06.) In postmenopausal women, calcium plus vitamin D3 supplementation did not reduce either blood pressure or the risk of developing hypertension over 7 years of follow-up.