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Institution

University of Hawaii at Manoa

EducationHonolulu, Hawaii, United States
About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea surface temperature. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Satellite telemetry studies of 20 adult and sub-adult white sharks in the eastern North Pacific during 1999–2005 revealed long distance seasonal migrations from the coast of California to an offshore focal area 2,500 km west of the Baja Peninsula, as well as the Hawaii Islands.
Abstract: Satellite telemetry studies of 20 adult and sub- adult white sharks (360-530 cm estimated total length (TL)) in the eastern North Pacific during 1999-2005 re- vealed long distance seasonal migrations from the coast of California to an offshore focal area 2,500 km west of the Baja Peninsula, as well as the Hawaii Islands. Three tags were recovered allowing detailed behavioral analyses, including one shark's migration cycle from the coast to the offshore focal area and back. While near pinniped rook- eries in autumn and winter, sharks avoided the surface and used water to 50 m depth, consistent with a silhouette- based hunting strategy. Offshore migrations were initiated during November-March and followed periods of decreasing pinniped abundance. Migrations were highly directed, taking 23 ± 5 days to reach the offshore focal area along similar paths among sharks and years, defining a migration corridor. Sharks exhibited a broad depth distri- bution (0-644 m) in the offshore focal area, and remained there for up to 167 days during spring and summer, though primary productivity and fishery data suggest that forage resources are scarcer there than in other regions of the eastern North Pacific. Archival data from one shark re- vealed intensive oscillatory movements while in the off- shore focal area, a behavior that may be related to foraging or mating. Sharks traveling to Hawaii remained near the islands up to 122 days, potentially feeding on pelagic fishes and marine mammals that concentrate around the islands.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors presented the first phase curve observations for the highly eccentric hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope.
Abstract: We present the first secondary eclipse and phase curve observations for the highly eccentric hot Jupiter HAT-P-2b in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm bands of the Spitzer Space Telescope. The 3.6 and 4.5 μm data sets span an entire orbital period of HAT-P-2b (P = 5.6334729 d), making them the longest continuous phase curve observations obtained to date and the first full-orbit observations of a planet with an eccentricity exceeding 0.2. We present an improved non-parametric method for removing the intrapixel sensitivity variations in Spitzer data at 3.6 and 4.5 μm that robustly maps position-dependent flux variations. We find that the peak in planetary flux occurs at 4.39 ± 0.28, 5.84 ± 0.39, and 4.68 ± 0.37 hr after periapse passage with corresponding maxima in the planet/star flux ratio of 0.1138% ± 0.0089%, 0.1162% ± 0.0080%, and 0.1888% ± 0.0072% in the 3.6, 4.5, and 8.0 μm bands, respectively. Our measured secondary eclipse depths of 0.0996% ± 0.0072%, 0.1031% ± 0.0061%, 0.071%^(+0.029%)_(-0.013%), and 0.1392% ± 0.0095% in the 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm bands, respectively, indicate that the planet cools significantly from its peak temperature before we measure the dayside flux during secondary eclipse. We compare our measured secondary eclipse depths to the predictions from a one-dimensional radiative transfer model, which suggests the possible presence of a transient day side inversion in HAT-P-2b's atmosphere near periapse. We also derive improved estimates for the system parameters, including its mass, radius, and orbital ephemeris. Our simultaneous fit to the transit, secondary eclipse, and radial velocity data allows us to determine the eccentricity (e = 0.50910 ± 0.00048) and argument of periapse (ω = 188°.09 ± 0°.39) of HAT-P-2b's orbit with a greater precision than has been achieved for any other eccentric extrasolar planet. We also find evidence for a long-term linear trend in the radial velocity data. This trend suggests the presence of another substellar companion in the HAT-P-2 system, which could have caused HAT-P-2b to migrate inward to its present-day orbit via the Kozai mechanism.

238 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors performed parametric tests on tar formation, varying temperature, equivalence ratio, and residence time, performed on a bench-scale, indirectly-heated fluidized bed gasifier.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Detailed studies of the interactions among pico- and nanoplankton appear to be the most profitable avenue for improving understanding of community structure and function in this region and for acquiring useful data for developing and validating ecosystem models of the open oceans.
Abstract: The phytoplankton in warm oligotrophic regions of the open oceans is dominated by ,2-mm cells too small for efficient direct consumption by mesozooplankton. However, these primary producers are hypothetically linked to higher trophic levels via the cascading impacts of mesozooplankton grazing on intermediate consumers. To assess the magnitudes of these indirect trophic linkages, grazing experiments, involving different concentration treatments of the mixed mesozooplankton community, were performed during cruises in the subtropical North Pacific at station ALOHA. Mesozooplankton fed on a diverse assemblage of microzooplankton and nanoheterotrophs .5 mm, and their predation indirectly enhanced net growth rates of phytoplankton and 2‐5-mm heterotrophs. Increasing the concentration of mesozooplankton also enhanced growth rates of heterotrophic bacteria, but this was more likely the result of organic enrichment than trophic transfer. Scaled to their natural abundance, the indirect grazing impacts of mesozooplankton on lower trophic levels are small, accounting for ,0.005 d of the growth rates of each prey category examined. Thus, the larger consumers appear to exert little net influence on the dynamics at the base of the food web. In contrast, size-fraction manipulations of consumers between 2 and 20 mm (i.e., the nanozooplankton) elicited strong responses among bacterial populations indicative of tightly coupled predatory chain of at least two steps. Given the present results, detailed studies of the interactions among pico- and nanoplankton appear to be the most profitable avenue for improving our understanding of community structure and function in this region and for acquiring useful data for developing and validating ecosystem models of the open oceans.

237 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, a marked zonal asymmetry of the moisture relative to the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) convection appears in the planetary boundary layer (PBL, below 700 hPa).
Abstract: The moisture budget associated with the eastward-propagating Madden‐Julian oscillation (MJO) was diagnosed using 1979‐2001 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data. A marked zonal asymmetry of the moisture relative to the MJO convection appears in the planetary boundary layer (PBL, below 700 hPa), creatingapotentiallymoreunstablestratificationtotheeastoftheMJOconvectionandfavoringtheeastward propagation of MJO. The PBL-integrated moisture budget diagnosis indicates that the vertical advection of moisture dominates the low-level moistening ahead of the convection. A further diagnosis indicates that the leading term in the vertical moisture advection is the advection of the background moisture by the MJO ascending flow associated with PBL convergence. The cause of the zonally asymmetric PBL convergence is further examined. It is found that heating-induced free-atmospheric wave dynamics account for 75%‐90% of the total PBL convergence, while the warm SST anomaly induced by air‐sea interaction contributes 10%‐25% of the total PBL convergence. The horizontal moisture advection also plays a role in contributing to the PBL moistening ahead of the MJO convection. The leadingterm in the moistureadvectionis the advectionacross the backgroundmoisture gradient by the MJO flow. In the western Indian Ocean, Maritime Continent, and western Pacific, the meridional moisture advection by the MJO northerly flow dominates, while in the eastern Indian Ocean the zonal moisture advection is greater. The contribution of the moisture advection by synoptic eddies is in generalsmall; ithas a negativeeffect overthetropicalIndianOceanand westernPacificandbecomespositive in the Maritime Continent region.

237 citations


Authors

Showing all 13867 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Pulickel M. Ajayan1761223136241
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Qiang Zhang1611137100950
Jack M. Guralnik14845383701
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
James A. Richardson13636375778
Donna Neuberg13581072653
Jian Zhou128300791402
Eric F. Bell12863172542
Jorge Luis Rodriguez12883473567
Bin Wang126222674364
Nicholas J. Schork12558762131
Matthew Jones125116196909
Anthony F. Jorm12479867120
Adam G. Riess118363117310
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202362
2022244
20211,111
20201,164
20191,151
20181,154