University of Hawaii at Manoa

About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Poison control. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.

The interaction of institutionally triggered and technology-triggered social structure change: an investigation of computerized physician order entry

Abstract: Aligning social structures and technology capabilities is a significant challenge to information technology-related organizational change. It is particularly challenging in insti tutionalized settings such as hospitals. We report an interpre Ron Weber was the accepting senior editor for this paper. Robert Heckman served as a reviewer. The associate editor and two additional reviewers chose to remain anonymous. tivefield study of computerized physician order entry (CPOE) at an acute-care hospital, in which we investigated how institutionally triggered and technology-triggered change interacted in complementary processes to engender align ment. Social structure changes included increased inter dependency among clinical departments, multidisciplinary cooperation across clinical disciplines, and standardization in clinical decision-making. Organization members also enacted institutionalized interaction patterns with physicians by deferring to their preferences for CPOE use. The cumula tive influence of change triggers nonetheless facilitated the hospital's realization of clinical goals. We drew on Barley's (1990) roleand network-based model for technology and structure alignment. Nonetheless, we extended this micro level analytic approach to account for the influence of change in the macro-institutional environment. Our analysis clarified the extent of structure change attributable to the CPOE technology and highlighted institutional forces that promoted yet inhibited change. The case also highlighted the impor tance of role networks on the trajectory and outcomes of organizational change processes.

Breast Cancer In Men: Risk Factors with Hormonal Implications

Abstract: Cases included in a population-based case-control study of breast cancer in men were recruited from 10 geographic areas of the United States from 1983 to 1986. Controls, matched to cases on age and geographic area, were selected by random digit dialing for men under age 65 years and from Health Care Financing Administration files for older men. Results are based on responses from 227 cases and 300 controls to questions asked in a standardized personal interview. An increased risk of breast cancer was most strongly associated with undescended testes and was also related to orchiectomy, orchitis, testicular injury, late puberty, and infertility; and a decreasing trend in risk was observed with an increasing number of children. Relative risk estimates were also elevated in relation to a history of high blood cholesterol, rapid weight gain, benign breast conditions, and possibly obesity. These findings suggest that breast cancer in men develops in response to androgen deficiency associated with testicular dysfunction and under conditions associated with excess estrogen. Risk was also found to be elevated in men with a history of amphetamine use, diabetes, and cigar smoking and reduced in men with prior head trauma.

Cataclysmic bombardment throughout the inner solar system 3.9–4.0 Ga

Abstract: [1] Cohen et al. [2000] recently confirmed the hypothesis that the Moon was resurfaced by an intense period of impact cratering ∼3.9 Ga ago and, by inference, that the Earth also sustained bombardment. Analyses of lunar impact melts indicate that at least one of the projectiles that hit the Moon was a differentiated iron-rich core, implying the bombardment was caused by asteroids. Meteorite analyses indicate asteroids in the asteroid belt were also heavily cratered ∼3.9 Ga and that the ancient cratered highlands of Mars suffered impacts at this time. Collectively, these data suggest there was an impact cataclysm that affected the entire inner solar system, resurfacing the terrestrial planets, and that the source of the impacting debris was the asteroid belt. Comets do not appear to have been important.

Improved measurements of the neutrino mixing angle θ13 with the Double Chooz detector

Abstract: The Double Chooz experiment presents improved measurements of the neutrino mixing angle θ 13 using the data collected in 467.90 live days from a detector positioned at an average distance of 1050 m from two reactor cores at the Chooz nuclear power plant. Several novel techniques have been developed to achieve significant reductions of the backgrounds and systematic uncertainties with respect to previous publications, whereas the efficiency of the $$ {\overline{ u}}_e $$ signal has increased. The value of θ 13 is measured to be sin2 2θ 13 = 0.090 − 0.029 + 0.032 from a fit to the observed energy spectrum. Deviations from the reactor $$ {\overline{ u}}_e $$ prediction observed above a prompt signal energy of 4 MeV and possible explanations are also reported. A consistent value of θ 13 is obtained from a fit to the observed rate as a function of the reactor power independently of the spectrum shape and background estimation, demonstrating the robustness of the θ 13 measurement despite the observed distortion.