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Institution

University of Hawaii at Manoa

EducationHonolulu, Hawaii, United States
About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea surface temperature. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Results show that users of knowledge maps created more hypotheses earlier in the experimental sessions and elaborated on them more than users of threaded discussions, suggesting that there was greater collaboration during the session.
Abstract: Although most online learning environments are predominately text based, researchers have argued that representational support for the conceptual structure of a problem would address problems of coherence and convergence that have been shown to be associated with threaded discussions and more effectively support collaborative knowledge construction. The study described in this paper sets out to investigate the merits of knowledge mapping representations as an adjunct to or replacement for threaded discussion in problem solving by asynchronously communicating dyads. Results show that users of knowledge maps created more hypotheses earlier in the experimental sessions and elaborated on them more than users of threaded discussions. Participants using knowledge maps were more likely to converge on the same conclusion and scored significantly higher on post-test questions that required integration of information distributed across dyads in a hidden profile design, suggesting that there was greater collaboration during the session. These results were most consistent when a knowledge map with embedded notes was the primary means of interaction rather than when it augmented a threaded discussion. The paper also offers a methodological contribution: a paradigm for practical experimental study of asynchronous collaboration. It is crucial to understand how to support collaborative knowledge construction in the asynchronous settings prevalent in online learning, yet prior experimental research has focused on face-to-face and synchronous collaboration due to the pragmatic problems of conducting controlled studies of asynchronous interaction. A protocol is outlined that enables study of asynchronous collaboration in a controlled setting.

197 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
22 Sep 2014-RNA
TL;DR: A power analysis tool is provided that captures the dispersion in the data and can serve as a practical reference under the budget constraint of RNA-Seq experiments and confirm a local optimal power is achievable for a given budget constraint.
Abstract: It is crucial for researchers to optimize RNA-seq experimental designs for differential expression detection. Currently, the field lacks general methods to estimate power and sample size for RNA-Seq in complex experimental designs, under the assumption of the negative binomial distribution. We simulate RNA-Seq count data based on parameters estimated from six widely different public data sets (including cell line comparison, tissue comparison, and cancer data sets) and calculate the statistical power in paired and unpaired sample experiments. We comprehensively compare five differential expression analysis packages (DESeq, edgeR, DESeq2, sSeq, and EBSeq) and evaluate their performance by power, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, and other metrics including areas under the curve (AUC), Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), and F-measures. DESeq2 and edgeR tend to give the best performance in general. Increasing sample size or sequencing depth increases power; however, increasing sample size is more potent than sequencing depth to increase power, especially when the sequencing depth reaches 20 million reads. Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNA) yields lower power relative to the protein coding mRNAs, given their lower expression level in the same RNA-Seq experiment. On the other hand, paired-sample RNA-Seq significantly enhances the statistical power, confirming the importance of considering the multifactor experimental design. Finally, a local optimal power is achievable for a given budget constraint, and the dominant contributing factor is sample size rather than the sequencing depth. In conclusion, we provide a power analysis tool (http://www2.hawaii.edu/~lgarmire/RNASeqPowerCalculator.htm) that captures the dispersion in the data and can serve as a practical reference under the budget constraint of RNA-Seq experiments.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: Seven families with X-linked mental retardation (MR) have been studied clinically and cytogenetically and all affected males in six of the families were found to have a fragile site on Xq in a number of their peripheral lymphocytes.
Abstract: Seven families with X-linked mental retardation (MR) have been studied clinically and cytogenetically. All affected males in six of the families were found to have a fragile site on Xq in a number of their peripheral lymphocytes. The fragile site was not seen in any of the affected males in the seventh family. The affected males in the six families with the fragile X had a syndrome characterized by a variable degree of MR, macro-orchidism, a characteristic repetitive, jocular speech, normal body proportions, and large jaws and ears. The fragile X chromosome could only be detected in a proportion of female carriers and its frequency in females was found to be correlated with their mental status to be inversely correlated with their age.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the coral skeleton can be remarkably evolutionarily plastic, which may explain some taxonomic difficulties, and obscure underlying patterns of endemism and diversity.
Abstract: Background Corals are notoriously difficult to identify at the species-level due to few diagnostic characters and variable skeletal morphology. This 'coral species problem' is an impediment to understanding the evolution and biodiversity of this important and threatened group of organisms. We examined the evolution of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial markers (COI, putative control region) in Porites, one of the most taxonomically challenging and ecologically important genera of reef-building corals.

196 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
10 May 2007-Nature
TL;DR: It is shown that sexual differences contribute substantially to the ecomorphological diversity produced by the adaptive radiations of West Indian Anolis lizards: within anole species, males and females occupy mostly non-overlapping parts of morphological space; the overall extent of sexual variation is large relative to interspecific variation; and the degree of variation depends on ecological type.
Abstract: A major task in biology is explaining patterns of biodiversity. Sexual differences in form are pervasive, yet factors promoting sexual dimorphism are rarely considered in studies of species diversity. Similarly, ecological and evolutionary factors governing community-level diversity are rarely invoked to explain the degree to which the sexes can differ. A study of the Anolis lizard, a classic example of adaptive radiation, with colonies on the islands of Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico, now shows that sexual differences are major contributors to morphological diversification in adaptive radiation. This suggests a model of how sexual dimorphism and adaptive radiation interact, a model that can be put to the test by observations of the native and introduced anoles in Florida. Sexual dimorphism has not been integrated into studies of adaptive radiation, despite the potential for the two sexes to occupy different niches. This paper reports that sexual differences contribute substantially to the ecomorphological diversity produced by the adaptive radiations of West Indian anolis lizards. Sexual dimorphism is widespread and substantial throughout the animal world1,2. It is surprising, then, that such a pervasive source of biological diversity has not been integrated into studies of adaptive radiation, despite extensive and growing attention to both phenomena1,3,4,5,6,7. Rather, most studies of adaptive radiation either group individuals without regard to sex or focus solely on one sex. Here we show that sexual differences contribute substantially to the ecomorphological diversity produced by the adaptive radiations of West Indian Anolis lizards: within anole species, males and females occupy mostly non-overlapping parts of morphological space; the overall extent of sexual variation is large relative to interspecific variation; and the degree of variation depends on ecological type. Thus, when sexual dimorphism in ecologically relevant traits is substantial, ignoring its contribution may significantly underestimate the adaptive component of evolutionary radiation. Conversely, if sexual dimorphism and interspecific divergence are alternative means of ecological diversification, then the degree of sexual dimorphism may be negatively related to the extent of adaptive radiation.

196 citations


Authors

Showing all 13867 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Pulickel M. Ajayan1761223136241
Steven N. Blair165879132929
Qiang Zhang1611137100950
Jack M. Guralnik14845383701
Thomas J. Smith1401775113919
James A. Richardson13636375778
Donna Neuberg13581072653
Jian Zhou128300791402
Eric F. Bell12863172542
Jorge Luis Rodriguez12883473567
Bin Wang126222674364
Nicholas J. Schork12558762131
Matthew Jones125116196909
Anthony F. Jorm12479867120
Adam G. Riess118363117310
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202362
2022244
20211,111
20201,164
20191,151
20181,154