Institution
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Education•Honolulu, Hawaii, United States•
About: University of Hawaii at Manoa is a education organization based out in Honolulu, Hawaii, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Sea surface temperature. The organization has 13693 authors who have published 25161 publications receiving 1023924 citations.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used non-redundant aperture masking interferometry at three epochs to reveal a faint and relatively blue point source (, K' -L' = 0.98 ± 0.22), flanked by approximately co-orbital emission that is red and resolved into at least two sources (K' −L' − L' = 2.6 ± 1.3;, K'
Abstract: Young and directly imaged exoplanets offer critical tests of planet-formation models that are not matched by radial velocity surveys of mature stars. These targets have been extremely elusive to date, with no exoplanets younger than 10-20 Myr and only a handful of direct-imaged exoplanets at all ages. We report the direct-imaging discovery of a likely (proto)planet around the young (~2 Myr) solar analog LkCa 15, located inside a known gap in the protoplanetary disk (a transitional disk). Our observations use non-redundant aperture masking interferometry at three epochs to reveal a faint and relatively blue point source (, K' – L' = 0.98 ± 0.22), flanked by approximately co-orbital emission that is red and resolved into at least two sources (, K' – L' = 2.7 ± 0.3; , K' – L' = 1.94 ± 0.16). We propose that the most likely geometry consists of a newly formed (proto)planet that is surrounded by dusty material. The nominal estimated mass is ~6 M Jup according to the 1 Myr hot-start models. However, we argue based on its luminosity, color, and the presence of circumplanetary material that the planet has likely been caught at its epoch of assembly, and hence this mass is an upper limit due to its extreme youth and flux contributed by accretion. The projected separations (71.9 ± 1.6 mas, 100.7 ± 1.9 mas, and 88.2 ± 1.8 mas) and deprojected orbital radii (16, 21, and 19 AU) correspond to the center of the disk gap, but are too close to the primary star for a circular orbit to account for the observed inner edge of the outer disk, so an alternative explanation (i.e., additional planets or an eccentric orbit) is likely required. This discovery is the first direct evidence that at least some transitional disks do indeed host newly formed (or forming) exoplanetary systems, and the observed properties provide crucial insight into the gas giant formation process.
451 citations
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TL;DR: Research on the tube-dwelling polychaete worm Hydroides elegans is described to exemplify approaches to understanding biofilm bacteria as a source of settlement cues and larvae as bearers of receptors for bacterial cues.
Abstract: Communities of microorganisms form thin coats across solid surfaces in the sea. Larvae of many marine invertebrates use biofilm components as cues to appropriate settlement sites. Research on the tube-dwelling polychaete worm Hydroides elegans, a globally common member of biofouling communities, is described to exemplify approaches to understanding biofilm bacteria as a source of settlement cues and larvae as bearers of receptors for bacterial cues. The association of species of the bacterial genus Pseudoalteromonas with larval settlement in many phyla is described, and the question of whether cues are soluble or surface-bound is reviewed, concluding that most evidence points to surface-bound cues. Seemingly contradictory data for stimulation of barnacle settlement are discussed; possibly both explanations are true. Paleontological evidence reveals a relationship between metazoans and biofilms very early in metazoan evolution, and thus the receptors for bacterial cues of invertebrate larvae are very old and possibly unique. Finally, despite more than 60 years of intense investigation, we still know very little about either the bacterial ligands that stimulate larval settlement or the cellular basis of their detection by larvae.
449 citations
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University of Barcelona1, Mayo Clinic2, Ohio State University3, University of Helsinki4, University of Melbourne5, University of Hawaii at Manoa6, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center7, University of Southern California8, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute9, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill10, University of Colorado Denver11, Pompeu Fabra University12, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia13, University of Pennsylvania14
TL;DR: Universal tumor MMR testing among CRC probands had a greater sensitivity for the identification of Lynch syndrome compared with multiple alternative strategies, although the increase in the diagnostic yield was modest.
Abstract: Context Lynch syndrome is the most common form of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC) and is caused by germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Identification of gene carriers currently relies on germline analysis in patients with MMR-deficient tumors, but criteria to select individuals in whom tumor MMR testing should be performed are unclear. Objective To establish a highly sensitive and efficient strategy for the identification of MMR gene mutation carriers among CRC probands. Design, Setting, and Patients Pooled-data analysis of 4 large cohorts of newly diagnosed CRC probands recruited between 1994 and 2010 (n = 10 206) from the Colon Cancer Family Registry, the EPICOLON project, the Ohio State University, and the University of Helsinki examining personal, tumor-related, and family characteristics, as well as microsatellite instability, tumor MMR immunostaining, and germline MMR mutational status data. Main Outcome Measures Performance characteristics of selected strategies (Bethesda guidelines, Jerusalem recommendations, and those derived from a bivariate/multivariate analysis of variables associated with Lynch syndrome) were compared with tumor MMR testing of all CRC patients (universal screening). Results Of 10 206 informative, unrelated CRC probands, 312 (3.1%) were MMR gene mutation carriers. In the population-based cohorts (n = 3671 probands), the universal screening approach (sensitivity, 100%; 95% CI, 99.3%-100%; specificity, 93.0%; 95% CI, 92.0%-93.7%; diagnostic yield, 2.2%; 95% CI, 1.7%-2.7%) was superior to the use of Bethesda guidelines (sensitivity, 87.8%; 95% CI, 78.9%-93.2%; specificity, 97.5%; 95% CI, 96.9%-98.0%; diagnostic yield, 2.0%; 95% CI, 1.5%-2.4%; P Conclusion Universal tumor MMR testing among CRC probands had a greater sensitivity for the identification of Lynch syndrome compared with multiple alternative strategies, although the increase in the diagnostic yield was modest.
449 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, high-resolution images covering large areas of the seafloor reveal numerous discontinuities along the mid-ocean ridge, which are transient and persist for millions of years, disrupting the structural and geochemical character of approximately 20% of the oceanic lithosphere.
Abstract: High-resolution images covering large areas of the seafloor reveal numerous discontinuities along the mid-ocean ridge. These discontinuities occur at a range of scales (10–1,000 km) and define a fundamental segmentation of seafloor spreading centres. Some are transient; others persist for millions of years, migrating along the mid-ocean ridge and disrupting the structural and geochemical character of approximately 20% of the oceanic lithosphere.
446 citations
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Uppsala University1, University of Porto2, Cardiff University3, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven4, University of Groningen5, ETH Zurich6, University of Guelph7, Stockholm University8, Durham University9, University of British Columbia10, University of Tübingen11, Aalborg University12, University of Zurich13, Colorado State University14, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences15, Karlstad University16, Radboud University Nijmegen17, University of Warsaw18, University of Turku19, University of Hawaii at Manoa20, Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência21, University of Graz22, United States Department of Agriculture23, University of Freiburg24, University of Eastern Finland25, Wageningen University and Research Centre26, Spanish National Research Council27, Jagiellonian University28
TL;DR: Before the real-world conservation potential of genomic research can be realized, current infrastructures need to be modified, methods must mature, analytical pipelines need to been developed, and successful case studies must be disseminated to practitioners.
Abstract: The global loss of biodiversity continues at an alarming rate. Genomic approaches have been suggested as a promising tool for conservation practice as scaling up to genome-wide data can improve traditional conservation genetic inferences and provide qualitatively novel insights. However, the generation of genomic data and subsequent analyses and interpretations remain challenging and largely confined to academic research in ecology and evolution. This generates a gap between basic research and applicable solutions for conservation managers faced with multifaceted problems. Before the real-world conservation potential of genomic research can be realized, we suggest that current infrastructures need to be modified, methods must mature, analytical pipelines need to be developed, and successful case studies must be disseminated to practitioners.
446 citations
Authors
Showing all 13867 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
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Pulickel M. Ajayan | 176 | 1223 | 136241 |
Steven N. Blair | 165 | 879 | 132929 |
Qiang Zhang | 161 | 1137 | 100950 |
Jack M. Guralnik | 148 | 453 | 83701 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
James A. Richardson | 136 | 363 | 75778 |
Donna Neuberg | 135 | 810 | 72653 |
Jian Zhou | 128 | 3007 | 91402 |
Eric F. Bell | 128 | 631 | 72542 |
Jorge Luis Rodriguez | 128 | 834 | 73567 |
Bin Wang | 126 | 2226 | 74364 |
Nicholas J. Schork | 125 | 587 | 62131 |
Matthew Jones | 125 | 1161 | 96909 |
Anthony F. Jorm | 124 | 798 | 67120 |
Adam G. Riess | 118 | 363 | 117310 |