University of Hohenheim

About: University of Hohenheim is a education organization based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 8585 authors who have published 16406 publications receiving 567377 citations.

European Consensus Statement on Lung Cancer: risk factors and prevention. Lung Cancer Panel.

Abstract: This article is based on the HohenheimConsensus Meeting, which was the sec-ond in a series of World Health Organi-zation (WHO) consensus conferences.Organized by WHO Europe and theGerman Ministry of Health and held atHohenheim University, November28–30, 1996, the Hohenheim ConsensusMeeting included experts in the field ofdiet and cancer assigned to four panelscorresponding to cancers of the lung,stomach, colon, and breast. Each panelfocused on eight to ten questions that al-lowed panel members to discuss what isknown and not known about diet andthat particular cancer site and prioritiesfor future research. The results of the dis-cussion on lung cancer are reported here.

Changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin‐rich fractions from different plant materials

Abstract: Aims: Investigation of the effects of saponin-rich fractions on rumen fermentation, methane production and the microbial community. Methods and Results: Saponins were extracted from Carduus, Sesbania and Knautia leaves and fenugreek seeds. Two levels of saponin-rich fractions with a substrate were incubated using the Hohenheim gas method. Methane was measured using an infrared-based methane analyser and microbial communities using quantitative PCR. On addition of saponin-rich fractions, methane and short-chain fatty acid production was not affected. The protozoal counts decreased by 10–39%. Sesbania saponins decreased methanogen population by 78%. Decrease in ruminal fungal population (20–60%) and increase in Fibrobacter succinogenes (21–45%) and Ruminococcus flavefaciens (23–40%) were observed. Conclusions: The saponins evaluated possessed anti-protozoal activity; however, this activity did not lead to methane reduction. Fenugreek saponins seemed to have potential for increasing rumen efficiency. The saponins altered the microbial community towards proliferation of fibre-degrading bacteria and inhibition of fungal population. Significance and Impact of the Study: The uni-directional relationship between protozoal numbers and methanogenesis, as affected by saponins, is not obligatory. All saponins might not hold promise for decreasing methane production from ruminants.

Autoinhibition of indoleacetic acid transport in the shoots of two‐branched pea (Pisum sativum) plants and its relationship to correlative dominance

Abstract: Two-branched pea plants (Pisum sativum L. cv. Lisa ZS) with different dominance degrees, obtained by removing the epicotyl shortly after germination, were used to study the interaction between the polar transport of indoleacetic acid (IAA) in both branches of the plants and its relationship to correlative dominance. The dominant shoot had higher transport capacity for 3 H-IAA, exported more IAA out of its apex and possessed more endogenous IAA in apex and the first internode than the dominated one. Decapitation of the dominant shoot resulted in a rapid resumption of growth in the dominated shoot, accompanied by a considerable increase in its capacity to export endogenous IAA and to transport 3 H-IAA. Parallel experiments with intact two-branched plants and Y-formed explants showed that the 3 H-IAA transport on one side was inhibited by the other branch apex or by pre-application of 12 C-IAA to the cut stump of the decapitated side. The higher the concentration of 12 C-IAA applied to the cut stump of one side of the Y-form explant was used, the stronger the 3 H-IAA transport was inhibited and the more the transported IAA was conjugated above the junction on the other side. The results of these experiments support the autoinhibition hypothesis at junctions. The relationship between elongation growth and IAA export/ transport in the two-branch pea plants is considered.