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Institution

University of Hohenheim

EducationStuttgart, Germany
About: University of Hohenheim is a education organization based out in Stuttgart, Germany. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Soil water. The organization has 8585 authors who have published 16406 publications receiving 567377 citations.


Papers
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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: A review of the available in vitro gas measuring techniques used for feed evaluation with emphasis on assessing their relative advantages and disadvantages is given in this article, where the authors highlight the potential of gas techniques for tackling some interesting areas of research.

462 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this paper, Wurzeln et al. showed that the rhizosphere pH may be as much as 2 units higher or lower than the pH of the bulk soil.
Abstract: Root-induced changes in the rhizosphere may affect mineral nutrition of plants in various ways. Examples for this are changes in rhizosphere pH in response to the source of nitrogen (NH4-N versus NO3-N), and iron and phosphorus deficiency. These pH changes can readily be demonstrated by infiltration of the soil with agar containing a pH indicator. The rhizosphere pH may be as much as 2 units higher or lower than the pH of the bulk soil. Also along the roots distinct differences in rhizosphere pH exist. In response to iron deficiency most plant species in their apical root zones increase the rate of H+ net excretion (acidification), the reducing capacity, the rate of FeIII reduction and iron uptake. Also manganese reduction and uptake is increased several-fold, leading to high manganese concentrations in iron deficient plants. Low-molecular-weight root exudates may enhance mobilization of mineral nutrients in the rhizosphere. In response to iron deficiency, roots of grass species release non-proteinogenic amino acids („phytosiderophores”) which dissolve inorganic iron compounds by chelation of FeIII and also mediate the plasma membrane transport of this chelated iron into the roots. A particular mechanism of mobilization of phosphorus in the rhizosphere exists in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). In this species, phosphorus deficiency induces the formation of so-called proteoid roots. In these root zones sparingly soluble iron and aluminium phosphates are mobilized by the exudation of chelating substances (probably citrate), net excretion of H+ and increase in the reducing capacity. In mixed culture with white lupin, phosphorus uptake per unit root length of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants from a soil low in available P is increased, indicating that wheat can take up phosphorus mobilized in the proteoid root zones of lupin. At the rhizoplane and in the root (root homogenates) of several plant species grown in different soils, of the total number of bacteria less than 1 % are N2-fixing (diazotrophe) bacteria, mainly Enterobacter and Klebsiella. The proportion of the diazotroph bacteria is higher in the rhizosphere soil. This discrimination of diazotroph bacteria in the rhizosphere is increased with foliar application of combined nitrogen. Inoculation with the diazotroph bacteria Azospirillum increases root length and enhances formation of lateral roots and root hairs similarly as does application of auxin (IAA). Thus rhizosphere bacteria such as Azospirillum may affect mineral nutrition and plant growth indirectly rather than by supply of nitrogen. Wurzel-induzierte Veranderungen in der Rhizosphare: Bedeutung fur die Mineralstoffernahrung der Pflanzen Durch von Wurzeln induzierte Veranderungen in der Rhizosphare kann die Mineralstoffernahrung der Pflanzen in verschiedener Weise beeinflust werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden dafur Beispiele gegeben. Veranderungen des Rhizospharen-pH-Wertes konnen in Abhangigkeit von der N-Form oder bei Eisen- bzw. Phosphatmangel auftreten. Diese Veranderungen lassen sich durch Infiltration des Bodens mit einem in Agar gelosten pH-Indikator nachweisen. Der Rhizospharen-pH-Wert kann bis zu 2 Einheiten hoher oder tiefer als der des wurzelfernen Bodens liegen. Auch entlang von Wurzeln treten ausgepragte Unterschiede im Rhizospharen-pH-Wert auf. Bei Eisenmangel kommt es bei den meisten Pflanzenarten in apikalen Wurzelzonen zur pH-Absenkung, Erhohung der Reduktionskapazitat der Wurzeln und der Eisenaufnahme. Auch die Reduktion und Aufnahme von Mangan konnen dadurch stark gefordert werden und zu hohen Mangangehalten in Eisenmangelpflanzen fuhren. Niedermolekulare Wurzelexsudate konnen die Mobilisierung von Mineralstoffen in der Rhizosphare fordern. Bei Eisenmangel geben die Wurzeln von Gramineen verstarkt nichtproteinogene Aminosauren (“Phytosiderophore”) ab, die anorganische Eisenverbindungen durch Chelatisierung von FeIII auflosen und die als FeIII Chelate auch durch die Plasmamembran in die Wurzeln von Grasern transportiert werden. Einen besonderen Mechanismus zur Mobilisierung von Phosphat in der Rhizosphare besitzt Weislupine (Lupinus albus L.), bei der Phosphatmangel die Bildung sogenannter Proteoid-Wurzeln induziert. In diesen Wurzelzonen kommt es zur Abscheidung von - wahrscheinlich - Citrat, Absenkung des pH-Wertes und Erhohung der Reduktionskapazitat der Wurzeln und dadurch zu verstarkter Mobilisierung von schwerloslichen Fe- und Al-Phosphaten. In Mischkultur mit Weislupine wird bei Weizen die Aufnahme von Phosphat aus einem P-amen Boden je Einheit Wurzellange stark erhoht. Dies zeigt, das Weizen Phosphat aufnehmen kann, welches von Weislupine in den Zonen der Proteoid-Wurzeln mobilisiert wurde. In der Rhizosphare verschiedener Pflanzenarten von Naturstandorten betragt der Anteil N2-fixierender Bakterien (vorwiegend Enterobacter und Klebsiella) weniger als 1 % der Gesamtbakterienzahl. Der Anteil der N2-Fixierer ist im wurzelfernen Boden hoher. Diese Diskriminierung der N2-Fixierer in der Rhizosphare wird durch Blattdungung mit Stickstoff verstarkt. Inokulation mit Azospirillum fordert Wurzellangenwachstum, Seitenwurzelbildung und Wurzelhaardichte in ahnlicher Weise wie Applikation von Auxin (IES). Diazotrophe Rhizospharenbakterien (insbesondere Azospirillum) konnten daher durch Bildung von Phytohormonen die Mineralstoffernahrung und das Wachstum sta,rker beeinflussen als durch Verbesserung der N-Ernahrung uber N2-Fixierung.

460 citations

Book
06 Jul 2007
TL;DR: Plant secondary metabolites, Plant secondary metabolites , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات £1,000,000 to £1,500,000 per tonne of biomass is expected to be synthesised by the end of this century through various mechanisms, including phytochemical reactions.
Abstract: Plant secondary metabolites , Plant secondary metabolites , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی

455 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, root exudates from axenically grown maize plants exposed to N, K, P, or Fe deficiency showed a higher release of glutamate, glucose, ribitol, and citrate from Fe-deficient plants while P deficiency stimulated the release of c-aminobutyric acid and carbohydrates.
Abstract: Root exudates play a major role in the mobilization of sparingly soluble nutrients in the rhizosphere. Since the amount and composition of major metabolites in root exudates from one plant species have not yet been systematically compared under different nutrient deficiencies, relations between exudation patterns and the type of nutrient being deficient remain poorly understood. Comparing root exudates from axenically grown maize plants exposed to N, K, P, or Fe deficiency showed a higher release of glutamate, glucose, ribitol, and citrate from Fe-deficient plants, while P deficiency stimulated the release of c-aminobutyric acid and carbohydrates. Potassium-starved plants released less sugars, in particular glycerol, ribitol, fructose, and maltose, while under N deficiency lower amounts of amino acids were found in root exudates. Principal-component analysis revealed a clear separation in the variation of the root-exudate composition between Fe or P deficiency versus N or K deficiency in the first principal component, which explained 46% of the variation in the data. In addition, a negative correlation was found between the amounts of sugars, organic and amino acids released under deficiency of a certain nutrient and the diffusion coefficient of the respective nutrient in soils. We thus hypothesize that the release of dominant root exudates such as sugars, amino acids, and organic acids by roots may reflect an ancient strategy to cope with limiting nutrient supply.

449 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the antioxidative properties and total phenolic contents of two varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and examined the raw, dry heated and hydrothermal treated samples were extracted with 70% acetone and the extracts were freeze-dried.

444 citations


Authors

Showing all 8665 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Robert J. Lefkowitz214860147995
Patrick O. Brown183755200985
Mark Stitt13245660800
Wolf B. Frommer10534530918
Muhammad Imran94305351728
Muhammad Farooq92134137533
Yakov Kuzyakov8766737050
Werner Goebel8536726106
Ismail Cakmak8424925991
Reinhold Carle8441824858
Michael Wink8393832658
Albrecht E. Melchinger8339823140
Tilman Grune8247930327
Volker Römheld7923120763
Klaus Becker7932027494
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202344
2022161
20211,045
2020954
2019868
2018802