Showing papers by "University of Huddersfield published in 2002"
TL;DR: The scope of social entrepreneurship in both business and the voluntary sector has not been mapped effectively as discussed by the authors, and the complexity and many facets of the world of the social entrepreneur and the volunteer sector are discussed.
Abstract: The term “social entrepreneurship” is being adopted and used more extensively, but its meaning is not widely understood. In particular, the scope of social entrepreneurship in both business and the voluntary sector has not been mapped effectively. This paper seeks to do this. It begins by defining social entrepreneurs and social entrepreneurship. Then, using projects considered for a charter award under the Duke of York’s Community Initiative, it looks at what social entrepreneurs do and achieve for the community, at the wide scope of their world, and at the help that is available and needed. The paper includes two case studies of successful social entrepreneurs as a means of drawing out a number of important issues and lessons. It provides a new map for understanding the complexity and the many facets of the world of the social entrepreneur and the voluntary sector. It questions whether the UK government’s stated desire for an “explosive act” of volunteering can happen without more substantial support, and concludes that whilst the growth of this sector is urgent and vital, a number of hurdles remain to be overcome.
668 citations
655 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that the southeast Bantu speakers have a composite origin on the maternal line of descent, with approximately 44% of lineages deriving from West Africa, approximately 21% from either West or Central Africa, Approximately 30% from East Africa, and approximately 5% from southern African Khoisan-speaking groups.
Abstract: Africa presents the most complex genetic picture of any continent, with a time depth for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lineages >100,000 years. The most recent widespread demographic shift within the continent was most probably the Bantu dispersals, which archaeological and linguistic evidence suggest originated in West Africa 3,000–4,000 years ago, spreading both east and south. Here, we have carried out a thorough phylogeographic analysis of mtDNA variation in a total of 2,847 samples from throughout the continent, including 307 new sequences from southeast African Bantu speakers. The results suggest that the southeast Bantu speakers have a composite origin on the maternal line of descent, with ∼44% of lineages deriving from West Africa, ∼21% from either West or Central Africa, ∼30% from East Africa, and ∼5% from southern African Khoisan-speaking groups. The ages of the major founder types of both West and East African origin are consistent with the likely timing of Bantu dispersals, with those from the west somewhat predating those from the east. Despite this composite picture, the southeastern African Bantu groups are indistinguishable from each other with respect to their mtDNA, suggesting that they either had a common origin at the point of entry into southeastern Africa or have undergone very extensive gene flow since.
509 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors baut auf den Erfahrungen der Autoren with der Durchfuhrung of Interviews per Email auf.
Abstract: Dieser Beitrag baut auf den Erfahrungen der Autoren mit der Durchfuhrung von Interviews per Email auf. Es werden die wesentlichen Merkmale von "E-Interviews" beschrieben und es wird diskutiert, wie sich diese von der bekannteren Methode der Face-to-face-Interviews unterscheiden. Im Aufsatz werden Starken und Schwachen des E-Interviews unter besonderer Berucksichtigung der Themen Zeit, Raumlichkeit und Technologie identifiziert. Daruber hinaus werden die Moglichkeiten des E-Interviews als Forschungsinstrument und als mogliche Erganzung schon etablierter Methoden diskutiert. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist es, Forschern, die in Zukunft E-Interviews durchfuhren mochten, ein praktisches Verstandnis fur diese Form der Datenerhebung zu vermitteln.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs020295
211 citations
TL;DR: The results suggest that most Jewish communities were founded by relatively few women, that the founding process was independent in different geographic areas, and that subsequent genetic input from surrounding populations was limited on the female side.
Abstract: We have analyzed the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA from each of nine geographically separated Jewish groups, eight non-Jewish host populations, and an Israeli Arab/Palestinian population, and we have compared the differences found in Jews and non-Jews with those found using Y-chromosome data that were obtained, in most cases, from the same population samples. The results suggest that most Jewish communities were founded by relatively few women, that the founding process was independent in different geographic areas, and that subsequent genetic input from surrounding populations was limited on the female side. In sharp contrast to this, the paternally inherited Y chromosome shows diversity similar to that of neighboring populations and shows no evidence of founder effects. These sex-specific differences demonstrate an important role for culture in shaping patterns of genetic variation and are likely to have significant epidemiological implications for studies involving these populations. We illustrate this by presenting data from a panel of X-chromosome microsatellites, which indicates that, in the case of the Georgian Jews, the female-specific founder event appears to have resulted in elevated levels of linkage disequilibrium.
155 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a new type of pulsed eddy current (PEC) sensor was designed for defect detection in aircraft lap-joint structures, which employs a new excitation circuit that requires no additional signal amplification and also reports compensation techniques that improve the sensing resolution and stability.
Abstract: This paper presents a new type of pulsed eddy current (PEC) sensor that has been designed for defect detection in aircraft lap-joint structures. The sensor employs a new excitation circuit that requires no additional signal amplification and the paper also reports compensation techniques that improve the sensing resolution and stability. A new hybrid feature of the peak value in time domain and the maximum frequency magnitude in frequency domain has been investigated. A test rig has been built and some results from aircraft samples are presented.
151 citations
TL;DR: The authors reviewed the literature on mentoring and deconstructed its mythical representations and its celebratory bias, and applied the dialectical materialist method to the interrelationships between essence and appearance in mentoring.
Abstract: Mentoring is now a favoured policy initiative in a number of countries, including Britain and North America, both as an element of professional development, and in addressing social exclusion. The former is of direct relevance to teacher education. The latter is a key issue affecting teachers today, as they have to liaise with mentors allocated to pupils and students. Yet the concept of mentoring remains confused. This paper reviews the literature, deconstructing its mythical representations and its celebratory bias. It applies, from a feminist perspective, the dialectical materialist method to the inter-relationships between essence and appearance in mentoring. It identifies four distinct historical stages in its development. These reveal that official concepts of mentoring have shifted from dominant groupings reproducing their own power, to subordinate groupings reproducing their own oppression. The conclusion suggests a research agenda for more detailed empirical investigation of mentoring in the field of teacher education.
148 citations
TL;DR: It is shown that, with a sufficiently large sample size and a better resolved mtDNA tree, clades of mtDNA do indeed exhibit gradients similar to those of other marker systems, but the more detailed analyses afforded by molecular sequence data suggest that the explanations for these gradients are likely to be much more complex than those proposed for classical markers.
Abstract: Previous studies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in Europe and the Near East have suggested that, in contrast with classical markers and the Y chromosome, mtDNA does not exhibit significant geographical structuring. Here, we show that, with a sufficiently large sample size and a better resolved mtDNA tree, clades of mtDNA do indeed exhibit gradients similar to those of other marker systems. However, the more detailed analyses afforded by molecular sequence data suggest that the explanations for these gradients are likely to be much more complex than those proposed for classical markers.
147 citations
TL;DR: The experience of adaptation to diabetic renal disease was examined from a phenomenological perspective and a set of strong themes relating to changes in lifestyle was identified: changes in the nature of involvement with the medical system, coping strategies, and hopes, fears, and expectations.
Abstract: In this study, the experience of adaptation to diabetic renal disease was examined from a phenomenological perspective. Twenty patients attending a diabetic renal clinic were interviewed in depth. Through the use of a template analysis approach, a set of strong themes relating to changes in lifestyle was identified: changes in the nature of involvement with the medical system, coping strategies, and hopes, fears, and expectations. Almost all participants attempted to construct a "good adaptation" in the face of the uncertainties surrounding their condition by adopting a stoic and fatalistic stance. This is discussed in the context of the claim that contemporary society holds emotional self-expression rather than stoical endurance to be the appropriate response to suffering.
145 citations
TL;DR: This review covers the rapidly expanding field of near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy where the availability of new lasers has led to the development of simple and inexpensive spectroscopic systems for the detection and monitoring of gas species.
Abstract: This review covers the rapidly expanding field of near-infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy where the availability of new lasers has led to the development of simple and inexpensive spectroscopic systems for the detection and monitoring of gas species. The latest diode lasers and the specific techniques associated with diode laser spectroscopy are described. Specific examples covering chemical vapour deposition reaction diagnostics, remote vehicle emission sensing, balloon-borne atmospheric monitoring and combustion diagnostics then illustrate the technique advantages of rapid, highly selective, in situ monitoring.
143 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate the potential of coals as a low-cost reactive barrier material for environmental protection applications, with the ability to prevent leaching of toxic Cr(VI) and other transition metals.
TL;DR: In this article, the spread of sessile water droplets on a solid graphite surface has been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics techniques and a straightforward scheme is applied to extract the contact angle from the atomistic simulations.
Abstract: Spreading of sessile water droplets on a solid graphite surface has been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics techniques. The system is in the partial wetting regime and a straightforward scheme is applied to extract the contact angle from the atomistic simulations. Even for droplets containing a thousand molecules, the calculated contact angle for water is 83°, which is close to the experimental macroscopic value. On addition of ethanol, the contact angle decreases to 30° and we approach complete wetting. Time-averaged structural analyses show that the ethanol molecules form a monolayer on top of the solid surface. A few A above the solid surface, the ethanol molecules are preferentially located at the liquid/vapor interface rather than in the bulk of the droplet.
DOI•
31 May 2002TL;DR: In this article, the authors discuss how qualitative Forscher and Forscherinnen (welche) Daten erheben, verarbeiten, analyse, and veroffentlichen.
Abstract: So wie die Gesellschaft sich durch neue Technologien verandert und verandert wird, so andert sich auch die Art und Weise, wie qualitative Forscher und Forscherinnen (welche) Daten erheben und wie sie diese analysieren. Der folgende Aufsatz skizziert diese Entwicklung entlang der in der vorliegenden FQS-Schwerpunktausgabe veroffentlichten Beitrage.
Die Verbreitung von Video- und Bildtechnologien bedeutet, dass Bilder und Illustrationen zum einen als Datenmaterial, zum anderen aber auch als Erhebungswerkzeuge verwendet werden konnen. Da Audio- und Videodaten nun immer haufiger auch digital vorliegen, werden auserdem neue Arten der Datenverarbeitung und -analyse moglich. Die parallele Entwicklung des Internets bietet zusatzliche Moglichkeiten der Datenerhebung und neue Kontexte, die untersucht werden konnen. Dies wirft die Frage neu auf, wie Forscher und Forscherinnen welche Daten erheben, verarbeiten, analysieren und veroffentlichen.
Digitale Technologien haben auch die Voraussetzung fur neue computergestutzte Analysemoglichkeiten geschaffen. Heutzutage ist eine Reihe von Analyseprogrammen erhaltlich, die infolge der gewachsenen Nachfrage standig erweitert und verbessert werden. Hieraus erwachsen neue Herausforderungen, angefangen beim Erlernen der weiterentwickelten Programme bis hin zu Fragen der Datensicherung, des Datenaustauschs und der Datenanalyse.
Die Popularitat von computergestutzten qualitativen Analyseprogrammen (CAQDAS) ist nicht gleichzusetzen mit deren unkritischer Akzeptanz. Die Frage, inwieweit CAQDAS selbst qualitative Analysen zu leisten vermag oder ob die Programme lediglich der eigentlichen Auswertungsarbeit assistieren, ist ein Thema, das seit einiger Zeit diskutiert wird. Ein Dialog uber neue Technologien ist in diesem Zusammenhang von grosem Interesse, da Weiterentwicklungen durch sie denk- und ausfuhrbar werden.
URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs020287
27 Feb 2002
TL;DR: The goal of this paper is to provide an easy-to-use survey of free and Internet-accessible computer system simulators as a resource for all instructors of computer organization and computer architecture courses.
Abstract: As the complexity and variety of computer system hardware increases, its suitability as a pedagogical tool in computer organization/architecture courses diminishes. As a consequence, many instructors are turning to simulators as teaching aids, often using valuable teaching/research time to construct them. Many of these simulators have been made freely available on the Internet, providing a useful and time-saving resource for other instructors. However, finding the right simulator for a particular course or topic can itself be a time-consuming process. The goal of this paper is to provide an easy-to-use survey of free and Internet-accessible computer system simulators as a resource for all instructors of computer organization and computer architecture courses.
TL;DR: Broad categories of distributed information management are identified, based upon the development of computer integrated manufacturing, and the possible direction of future research is indicated.
Abstract: Global competition and rapidly changing customer requirements are forcing major changes in the production styles and configuration of manufacturing enterprises Traditional centralized manufacturing systems are not able to meet these requirements In recent years, the internet has become the worldwide information platform for the sharing of information and data Information processing is an important challenge in an internet-based manufacturing environment, and must facilitate distribution, heterogeneity, autonomy and cooperation This paper reviews recent trends and major developments in internet-based manufacturing Broad categories of distributed information management are identified, based upon the development of computer integrated manufacturing, and the possible direction of future research is indicated
TL;DR: In this paper, a speech to a European Union conference on financing small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) seeks to provide an overview of ethics in banking using three terms: responsibility, responsibility and affinity.
Abstract: Banking, in common with other areas of finance, is often considered an amoral field focused purely on risk and return. However, ethics does have an important role to play, both traditionally and as business and banking evolve. Based on a speech to a European Union conference on financing small and medium–sized enterprises (SMEs), this paper seeks to provide an overview of ethics in banking using three terms. Integrity is important to generate the trust necessary for any banking system to flourish, responsibility highlights contemporary banks' need to take into account the consequences of their lending policies, and affinity refers to a set of relatively novel ways in which depositors and borrowers can be brought closer together than they are in conventional western banking.
TL;DR: In this paper, the usefulness of a Foucauldian perspective for understanding management control has been investigated in a case study of a British automotive parts distributor, and it is concluded that, because of the empirically contingent degree of agency that remains available to managers, it is better to appropriate Foucault's contribution via the work of Anthony Gidd.
TL;DR: The scientific evidence on whiplash associated disorders is of variable quality, but sufficiently robust and consistent for the purpose of guiding patient information and advice.
Abstract: Objectives: To review the literature and provide an evidence based framework for patient centred information and advice on whiplash associated disorders. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, which included both clinical and non-clinical articles to encompass the wide range of patients9 informational needs. From the studies and previous reviews retrieved, 163 were selected for detailed review. The review process considered the quantity, consistency, and relevance of all selected articles. These were categorised under a grading system to reflect the quality of the evidence, and then linked to derived evidence statements. Results: The main messages that emerged were: physical serious injury is rare; reassurance about good prognosis is important; over-medicalisation is detrimental; recovery is improved by early return to normal pre-accident activities, self exercise, and manual therapy; positive attitudes and beliefs are helpful in regaining activity levels; collars, rest, and negative attitudes and beliefs delay recovery and contribute to chronicity. These findings were synthesised into patient centred messages with the potential to reduce the risk of chronicity. Conclusions: The scientific evidence on whiplash associated disorders is of variable quality, but sufficiently robust and consistent for the purpose of guiding patient information and advice. While the delivery of appropriate messages can be both oral and written, consistency is imperative, so an innovative patient educational booklet, The Whiplash Book, has been developed and published.
22 May 2002
TL;DR: This paper proposes that random sampling can make the visualisation of large datasets both more computationally efficient and more perceptually effective, and demonstrates a novel 2D zooming interface.
Abstract: The use of random algorithms in many areas of computer science has enabled the solution of otherwise intractable problems. In this paper we propose that random sampling can make the visualisation of large datasets both more computationally efficient and more perceptually effective. We review the explicit uses of randomness and the related deterministic techniques in the visualisation literature. We then discuss how sampling can augment existing systems. Furthermore, we demonstrate a novel 2D zooming interface - the Astral Telescope Visualiser, a visualisation suggested and enabled by sampling. We conclude by considering some general usability and technical issues raised by sampling-based visualisation.
07 Nov 2002
TL;DR: A new approach of colour histogram based colour correction is provided, which is robust to image capturing conditions such as viewpoints and scaling, and introduced and implemented.
Abstract: This paper reports the problem of colour distortion in panoramic imaging. Particularly when image mosaicing is used for panoramic imaging, the images are captured under different lighting conditions and viewpoints. The paper analyses several linear approaches for their colour transform and mapping. A new approach of colour histogram based colour correction is provided, which is robust to image capturing conditions such as viewpoints and scaling. The procedure for the colour correction is introduced and implemented. The conclusions are derived after experimental tests.
Patent•
22 Apr 2002TL;DR: In this article, an actuator assembly for a turbocharger pressure control valve assembly and a method of assembling a pressure control assembly of a turbo-charger is described. But the actuator rod may be a resilient member which may be substantially straight when stressed.
Abstract: This invention relates to an actuator assembly for a turbocharger pressure control valve assembly and a method of assembling a pressure control assembly of a turbocharger. The assembly comprises an actuator coupled to an actuator rod which in use is coupled to the valve assembly to control the position thereof. The actuator rod comprises an elongate member at least a portion of which is flexible. The actuator rod may be a resilient member which may be substantially straight when stressed. In use the actuator rod may extend in a substantially straight line between the actuator and the valve assembly.
TL;DR: In this article, a 3D stylus instrument is used to measure the surface topography of a wheel and a workpiece to investigate the topographic change which occurs on both the wheel and workpiece and attempt to relate this to force data and scanning electron microscopy.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors report on the findings from interviews with 25 elite female athletes in Norway who indicated in a prior survey (n = 572) that they had experienced sexual harassment from someone in sport.
Abstract: Sexual harassment research was first undertaken in the workplace and educational settings. Research on sexual harassment in sport is scarce but has grown steadily since the mid-1980s. Even so, very little is known about the causes and/or characteristics and/or consequences of sexual harassment in sport settings. This article reports on the findings from interviews with 25 elite female athletes in Norway who indicated in a prior survey (n = 572) that they had experienced sexual harassment from someone in sport. The consequences of the incidents of sexual harassment that were reported were mostly negative, but some also reported that their experiences of sexual harassment had had no consequences for them. ‘Thinking about the incidents’, a ‘destroyed relationship with the coach’, and ‘a more negative view of men in general’ were the most often negative consequences mentioned. In addition, a surprising number had chosen to move to a different sport or to drop out of elite sport altogether because of ...
TL;DR: Patients and clinicians were enthusiastic about the CDSS and used it confidently after a short learning period, and changes suggested by users were incorporated into the final interface design.
TL;DR: The results support the notion that many nurses may be inadequately prepared for the role that they are expected to perform once qualified.
TL;DR: This study demonstrates extensive misunderstanding of verbal descriptions of probability by medical inpatients of all ages, questioning the extent of their capacity for giving informed consent.
Abstract: Understanding probability information about treatment risks and benefits is a vital component of patients’ decision making capacity. This study demonstrates extensive misunderstanding of verbal descriptions of probability by medical inpatients of all ages, questioning the extent of their capacity for giving informed consent. Pictorial descriptions of probability were well understood, suggesting their adoption into clinical practice.
TL;DR: In this paper, time series analyses of daily and monthly occupancy rates in different samples of hotels in England over a 15-year period reveal consistent temporal components of occupancy performance, including seasonality, length of season, trend and within-week variations.
Abstract: Time series analyses of daily and monthly occupancy rates in different samples of hotels in England over a 15-year period reveal consistent temporal components of occupancy performance. These differentiate hotels in terms of overall occupancy levels, seasonality, length of season, trend and within-week variations. The components are related to the characteristics of hotels and their management using statistical methods and structured interview surveys, and the factors affecting occupancy performance of hotels are identified and calibrated. The policy implications for the results for successful hotel marketing and management are extracted.
TL;DR: The Symposium on "Sexual Harassment in sport - Challenges for sport psychology in the New Millennium" as mentioned in this paper was held at the Xth Congress of the International Society for Sport Psychology, Skiathos, Greece from May 28th to June 2nd 2001.
Abstract: This publication draws on the contributions to a Symposium on ‘Sexual Harassment in Sport - Challenges for Sport Psychology in the New Millennium’, held at the Xth Congress of the International Society for Sport Psychology, Skiathos, Greece from May 28th to June 2nd 2001. The symposium was intended to move forward the international research agenda on sexual harassment and abuse in sport and, in particular, to examine professional practice issues for sport psychologists. It was clear from the attendance of over 60 delegates at that symposium that international interest in this subject is growing. Further evidence of this came from the attendance of 26 members states - from Azerbaijan to Sweden - at a Council of Europe seminar on The Protection of Children, Young People and Women in Sport, held in Helsinki in September 2001. It seemed appropriate, therefore, to take the work on sport-based sex abuse research to a wider audience, both to increase awareness of sexual abuse in extra-familial settings ...
TL;DR: The authors conducted an exploratory investigation into male swimming coaches' perceptions of appropriateness of coach-athlete sexual relationships and found that sexual relationships with athletes under the age of 16 were unanimously considered totally inappropriate.
Abstract: The sporting culture, with omnipotent coaches, fierce competition for recognition and funding, and 'win at all costs' ethos, creates an environment conducive to sexual exploitation of athletes. Recent increased public awareness and the development of child protection policies in sport have led to the questioning of previously accepted coach-athlete relationships. This study is an exploratory investigation into male swimming coaches' perceptions of appropriateness of coach-athlete sexual relationships. Sexual relationships with athletes under the age of 16 were unanimously considered totally inappropriate. With regard to sexual relationships with athletes above the age of consent, opinions ranged from 'totally inappropriate' to 'it's a question of civil liberties.' These results are discussed in relation to how coaches have adapted their own behaviours in the face of public scrutiny but are still reluctant to restrict the rights of their fellow coaches.
TL;DR: In this paper, the vulnerability of young sexual abusers and the risk they pose to others is considered in the light of the findings of qualitative research by one of the authors into the construction and control of children and their sexualities in residential children's homes.
Abstract: This article, arising out of quantitative and qualitative research studies conducted by the authors, begins with a brief overview of current knowledge about male adolescent sexual abusers and associated policies, procedures and services. A particular concern raised by professionals and welfare agencies, who are struggling to develop appropriate responses to young sexual abusers, concerns the circumstances and problems of young people who are placed in residential accommodation as a result of their sexually abusive behaviour, often where there are also child victims of sexual abuse. The vulnerability of young sexual abusers and the risk they pose to others is considered in the light of the findings of qualitative research by one of the authors into the construction and control of children and their sexualities in residential children's homes. This research suggests that the inadequate ways in which sexual behaviour in children's homes is perceived and managed, serves to compound the problems of both the sexually abusive and non-abusive adolescents placed there. The findings from both authors' research are then theorized within broader conceptual frameworks about the nature of childhood, childhood sexuality and institutionalization and its links with peer sexual abuse.