Showing papers by "University of Iceland published in 1974"
TL;DR: The volcanic rocks of Iceland are anomalous in their oxygen isotope content. as mentioned in this paper showed that the Icelandic basalts that resemble ridge basalts in δO18 also resemble them in major element chemistry.
143 citations
84 citations
TL;DR: Data from Iceland show that breast cancer has increased very markedly in Iceland during this period, and that as the overall incidence has risen, so the age‐incidence curve has changed in shape, the relation between the shape and theOverall incidence being the same as that now observed in other countries.
Abstract: Among different populations, the shape of the age-incidence curve for breast cancer is strongly related to the overall incidence of breast cancer in the respective population. Data are available from Iceland for the period 1911–1972. These data show that breast cancer has increased very markedly in Iceland during this period, and that as the overall incidence has risen, so the age-incidence curve has changed in shape, the relation between the shape and the overall incidence being the same as that now observed in other countries. The change in shape is shown to be explicable entirely as a cohort phenomenon, each decade of birth cohort having an age-incidence curve of similar shape, but with different overall incidence. Data from some other regions of the world indicate that many of the present differences in the shape of the age-incidence curve may be the reflection of cohort phenomena.
79 citations
TL;DR: Geochemical studies of recent igneous rocks from Iceland lend support to the hot spot theory as mentioned in this paper, and there is a geographical variation in basaltic composition between Iceland and the submerged parts of the Reykjanes Ridge and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which suggests that the single source model for basalts of this region may be correct.
Abstract: Geochemical studies of recent igneous rocks from Iceland lend support to the ‘hot spot’ theory. There is a geographical variation in basaltic composition between Iceland and the submerged parts of the Reykjanes Ridge and Mid-Atlantic Ridge, which suggests that the single-source model for basalts of this region may be correct.
55 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The concept of a matroid is generalized by imitating the generalization of a graph to a hypergraph as discussed by the authors, which is the basis for the concept of hypergraphs.
Abstract: The concept of a matroid is generalized by imitating the generalization of a graph to a hypergraph.
53 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In Iceland, earthquakes are mainly confined to a zone off the northern coast (the Tjornes Fracture Zone), a narrow E-W zone in S-Iceland (including the Reykjanes Peninsula), and the eastern volcanic zone.
Abstract: Earthquakes in Iceland located teleseismically are mainly confined to a zone off the northern coast (the Tjornes Fracture Zone), a narrow E-W zone in S-Iceland (including the Reykjanes Peninsula), and the eastern volcanic zone. Destructive historic earthquakes of magnitude up to 7 or 8 are known to have occurred in these zones, except in the eastern volcanic zone and the western part of the Reykjanes Peninsula. Local instrumental observations show that significant seismic activity occurs in other parts of the country. Smaller earthquakes and earthquake swarms occur frequently on the Reykjanes Peninsula and in the western and the eastern volcanic zones.
41 citations
TL;DR: Most clearly associated with mental health were the parents' educational level, occupational status of father, the maternal attitudes of warmth and emotional involvment and the child's IQ and school achievement.
Abstract: .— A representative sample of 1100 children aged 5–15 years in Reykjavik was investigated with the WISC test, the Rorschach test, and an extensive semistructured interview with the mothers. The purpose of the investigation was to estimate the frequency of mental disorders in the population of children in Reykjavik, and their socioeconomic and educational correlates. The percentage of severely disordered children for the different mental health variables ranged from 11.8% to 30.8%. No significant differences were found as to age and sex. Most clearly associated with mental health were the parents' educational level, occupational status of father, the maternal attitudes of warmth and emotional involvment and the child's IQ and school achievement.
24 citations
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: In this article, the authors defined the universal occurrence and unique composition of oceanic tholeiites and demonstrated that Iceland is the hot spot of the North Atlantic and the mid-ocean ridges next to Iceland, both in the elevation of the sea floor and in the chemical and isotopic composition of the volcanics.
Abstract: Ever since the universal occurrence and unique composition of “oceanic tholeiites” was defined by Engel et al. [1,2], the “differentiated” or “undepleted” nature of Icelandic basalts has become increasingly apparent [3–6]. This, in conjunction with the high elevation of Iceland relative to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and its anomalous volcanic productivity throughout 70 m.y. (as witnessed by the aseismic Wyville-Thompson ridge) has clearly defined Iceland the hot spot of the North Atlantic [7–9]. Adjacent to the hot spot a gradient has been established along the mid-ocean ridges next to Iceland, both in the elevation of the sea floor [several authors in this volume] and in the chemical and isotopic composition of the volcanics [10,11].
17 citations
TL;DR: During the 25-year period 1946–1970, 21 criminal homicides occurred in Iceland, that is 0.07% of all deaths in the country, which is very low compared to other countries, even neighbours in the North Atlantic.
13 citations
10 citations
TL;DR: The sensitivity of tritium measurements of natural water has been increased by using volume reduction factor as high as 300 in a single-stage electrolytic enrichment, instead of a factor of 10-20 as normally used as discussed by the authors.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: It has previously been pointed out by the present writer as mentioned in this paper that the Pleistocene volcanic zones of Iceland are not only a supramarine exposure of a part of the World Rift System, and as such much more accessible for geological, geophysical, and topographical research than the submarine parts of the system.
Abstract: It has previously been pointed out by the present writer; that the Pleistocene volcanic zones of Iceland are not only a supramarine exposure of a part of the World Rift System, and as such much more accessible for geological, geophysical, and topographical research than the submarine parts of the system. The Icelandic zones are also the only supramarine part of the system where a relatively recent volcanic activity has taken place under water and thus under conditions similar to those on the submarine part. This water was meltwater from the overlying ice cover during those periods of the Pleistocene when the country was blanketed by ice. The basaltic magmas extruded in Iceland are similar enough to those of the submarine rift zones to make one expect similar shape and inner structures of the volcanic edifices built up. In both cases the formation of pillow lavas is a characteristic feature. The main difference in shape one may expect is that the subglacial edifices are likely to be somewhat more steepsided, being, at least in some cases, built up against walls of ice.
TL;DR: D dissimilarities in mortality patterns of CHD and CVL are indicative of differences in the importance of the various risk factors relating to the two disorders.
Abstract: The common statement that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are causing an ever-increasing mortality in the more affluent societies is somewhat misleading since the rise is generally fully accounted for by one category only of CVD, i. e., coronary heart disease (CHD), and is often confined to males. Concurrently with an increasing trend in coronary mortality there has been a decline in deaths from cerebrovascular lesions (CVL). Unlike the rates for CHD—often with two to four times as high death rates for males as for females at ages 35–64 — the rates for CVL have usually shown little sex difference. In Iceland (1951–1960) the urban rates of death from CHD were more than twice as high as the rural ones, but the rates for CVL showed only a relatively slight urban excess. These dissimilarities in mortality patterns of CHD and CVL are indicative of differences in the importance of the various risk factors relating to the two disorders.