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Institution

University of Iceland

EducationReykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland
About: University of Iceland is a education organization based out in Reykjavik, Suðurnes, Iceland. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Population & Genome-wide association study. The organization has 5423 authors who have published 16199 publications receiving 694762 citations. The organization is also known as: Háskóli Íslands.


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Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that the synergies between land degradation and the two main global environmental change components (biodiversity and climate change) should be more fully exploited.
Abstract: Acknowledged by world leaders as a global problem, land degradation has been taken seriously in three ways: its extent and the proportion of the global population affected; international environmental policy responses; and its inter-relation with other global environmental issues such as biodiversity. Messages about land degradation have, however, suffered from abuses, which have rendered appropriate policy responses ineffective. For control to be effective, the paper argues that the synergies between land degradation and the two other main global environmental change components (biodiversity and climate change) should be more fully exploited. A focus on the interlinkages, of which there are six possible permutations, is fully supported by empirical findings that suggest that land degradation control would not only technically be better served by addressing aspects of biodiversity and climate change but also that international financing mechanisms and the major donors would find this more acceptable. The DPSIR (Driving Force, Pressure, State, Impacts, Response) conceptual framework model is used to illustrate how land degradation control could be more effective, tackling not only the drivers of change but also major developmental issues such as poverty and food insecurity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Gyungah Jun1, Carla A. Ibrahim-Verbaas2, Maria Vronskaya3, J-C Lambert4  +447 moreInstitutions (52)
TL;DR: The authors' APOE-stratified GWAS is the first to show GWS association for AD with SNPs in the chromosome 17q21.31 region, and the finding in the stage 1 sample that AD risk is significantly influenced by the interaction of APOE with TMEM106B (P=1·6 × 10−7) is noteworthy, because TMEM 106B variants have previously been associated with risk of frontotemporal dementia.
Abstract: APOE ɛ4, the most significant genetic risk factor for Alzheimer disease (AD), may mask effects of other loci. We re-analyzed genome-wide association study (GWAS) data from the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project (IGAP) Consortium in APOE ɛ4+ (10 352 cases and 9207 controls) and APOE ɛ4- (7184 cases and 26 968 controls) subgroups as well as in the total sample testing for interaction between a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and APOE ɛ4 status. Suggestive associations (P<1 × 10(-4)) in stage 1 were evaluated in an independent sample (stage 2) containing 4203 subjects (APOE ɛ4+: 1250 cases and 536 controls; APOE ɛ4-: 718 cases and 1699 controls). Among APOE ɛ4- subjects, novel genome-wide significant (GWS) association was observed with 17 SNPs (all between KANSL1 and LRRC37A on chromosome 17 near MAPT) in a meta-analysis of the stage 1 and stage 2 data sets (best SNP, rs2732703, P=5·8 × 10(-9)). Conditional analysis revealed that rs2732703 accounted for association signals in the entire 100-kilobase region that includes MAPT. Except for previously identified AD loci showing stronger association in APOE ɛ4+ subjects (CR1 and CLU) or APOE ɛ4- subjects (MS4A6A/MS4A4A/MS4A6E), no other SNPs were significantly associated with AD in a specific APOE genotype subgroup. In addition, the finding in the stage 1 sample that AD risk is significantly influenced by the interaction of APOE with rs1595014 in TMEM106B (P=1·6 × 10(-7)) is noteworthy, because TMEM106B variants have previously been associated with risk of frontotemporal dementia. Expression quantitative trait locus analysis revealed that rs113986870, one of the GWS SNPs near rs2732703, is significantly associated with four KANSL1 probes that target transcription of the first translated exon and an untranslated exon in hippocampus (P ⩽ 1.3 × 10(-8)), frontal cortex (P ⩽ 1.3 × 10(-9)) and temporal cortex (P⩽1.2 × 10(-11)). Rs113986870 is also strongly associated with a MAPT probe that targets transcription of alternatively spliced exon 3 in frontal cortex (P=9.2 × 10(-6)) and temporal cortex (P=2.6 × 10(-6)). Our APOE-stratified GWAS is the first to show GWS association for AD with SNPs in the chromosome 17q21.31 region. Replication of this finding in independent samples is needed to verify that SNPs in this region have significantly stronger effects on AD risk in persons lacking APOE ɛ4 compared with persons carrying this allele, and if this is found to hold, further examination of this region and studies aimed at deciphering the mechanism(s) are warranted.

241 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Louise V. Wain1, Louise V. Wain2, Nick Shrine2, María Soler Artigas2, A. Mesut Erzurumluoglu2, Boris Noyvert2, Lara Bossini-Castillo3, Ma'en Obeidat4, Amanda P. Henry5, Michael A. Portelli5, Robert J. Hall5, Charlotte K. Billington5, Tracy L. Rimington5, Anthony G. Fenech6, Catherine John2, Tineka Blake2, Victoria E. Jackson2, Richard J. Allen2, Bram P. Prins3, Archie Campbell7, David J. Porteous7, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin8, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin9, Matthias Wielscher9, Alan James10, Alan James11, Jennie Hui10, Jennie Hui11, Nicholas J. Wareham12, Jing Hua Zhao12, James F. Wilson7, Peter K. Joshi7, Beate Stubbe13, Rajesh Rawal14, Holger Schulz, Medea Imboden15, Nicole Probst-Hensch15, Stefan Karrasch16, Christian Gieger14, Ian J. Deary7, Sarah E. Harris7, Jonathan Marten7, Igor Rudan7, Stefan Enroth17, Ulf Gyllensten17, Shona M. Kerr7, Ozren Polasek18, Ozren Polasek7, Mika Kähönen19, Ida Surakka20, Veronique Vitart7, Caroline Hayward7, Terho Lehtimäki19, Olli T. Raitakari21, David M. Evans22, David M. Evans23, A. John Henderson22, Craig E. Pennell11, Carol A. Wang11, Peter D. Sly23, Emily S. Wan24, Robert Busch24, Brian D. Hobbs24, Augusto A. Litonjua24, David Sparrow25, Amund Gulsvik26, Per Bakke26, James D. Crapo27, Terri H. Beaty28, Nadia N. Hansel28, Rasika A. Mathias28, Ingo Ruczinski28, Kathleen C. Barnes29, Yohan Bossé30, Philippe Joubert31, Maarten van den Berge32, Corry-Anke Brandsma32, Peter D. Paré4, Don D. Sin4, David C. Nickle33, Ke Hao34, Omri Gottesman35, Frederick E. Dewey35, Shannon Bruse35, David J. Carey36, H. Lester Kirchner36, Stefan Jonsson37, Gudmar Thorleifsson37, Ingileif Jonsdottir38, Ingileif Jonsdottir37, Thorarinn Gislason38, Kari Stefansson37, Kari Stefansson38, Claudia Schurmann34, Girish N. Nadkarni34, Erwin P. Bottinger34, Ruth J. F. Loos34, Robin G. Walters39, Zhengming Chen39, Iona Y Millwood39, Julien Vaucher39, Om P Kurmi39, Liming Li40, Liming Li41, Anna Hansell9, Christopher E. Brightling2, Christopher E. Brightling1, Eleftheria Zeggini3, Michael H. Cho24, Edwin K. Silverman24, Ian Sayers5, Gosia Trynka3, Andrew P. Morris42, David P. Strachan43, Ian P. Hall5, Martin D. Tobin1, Martin D. Tobin2 
TL;DR: In this article, a genetic risk score was associated with COPD susceptibility (odds ratio per 1 s.d. of the risk score (∼6 alleles) (95% confidence interval) = 1.24 (1.20-1.27), P = 5.05 × 10(-49)), and they observed a 3.7-fold difference in COPD risk between individuals in the highest and lowest GA risk score deciles in UK Biobank.
Abstract: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by reduced lung function and is the third leading cause of death globally. Through genome-wide association discovery in 48,943 individuals, selected from extremes of the lung function distribution in UK Biobank, and follow-up in 95,375 individuals, we increased the yield of independent signals for lung function from 54 to 97. A genetic risk score was associated with COPD susceptibility (odds ratio per 1 s.d. of the risk score (∼6 alleles) (95% confidence interval) = 1.24 (1.20-1.27), P = 5.05 × 10(-49)), and we observed a 3.7-fold difference in COPD risk between individuals in the highest and lowest genetic risk score deciles in UK Biobank. The 97 signals show enrichment in genes for development, elastic fibers and epigenetic regulation pathways. We highlight targets for drugs and compounds in development for COPD and asthma (genes in the inositol phosphate metabolism pathway and CHRM3) and describe targets for potential drug repositioning from other clinical indications.

240 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
TL;DR: The concentrations of B and Cl in natural waters in Iceland lie in the range 0.001-10 and 1.20,000 ppm, respectively as mentioned in this paper, with the highest Cl concentrations in high-temperature waters on the Reykjanes Peninsula and highest B concentrations in well waters from high temperature geothermal systems in the axial zones of the active volcanic belts.

239 citations

Journal ArticleDOI
Markus Ackermann, Marco Ajello1, Alice Allafort2, W. B. Atwood3  +188 moreInstitutions (45)
TL;DR: The first Fermi-LAT catalog of >10GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources as discussed by the authors, of which 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei.
Abstract: We present a catalog of gamma-ray sources at energies above 10 GeV based on data from the Large Area Telescope (LAT) accumulated during the first three years of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope mission. The first Fermi-LAT catalog of >10GeV sources (1FHL) has 514 sources. For each source we present location, spectrum, a measure of variability, and associations with cataloged sources at other wavelengths. We found that 449 (87%) could be associated with known sources, of which 393 (76% of the 1FHL sources) are active galactic nuclei. Of the 27 sources associated with known pulsars, we find 20 (12) to have significant pulsations in the range >10GeV (>25GeV). In this work we also report that, at energies above 10 GeV, unresolved sources account for 27+/-8 % of the isotropic gamma-ray background, while the unresolved Galactic population contributes only at the few percent level to the Galactic diffuse background. We also highlight the subset of the 1FHL sources that are best candidates for detection at energies above 50-100 GeV with current and future ground-based gamma-ray observatories.

239 citations


Authors

Showing all 5561 results

NameH-indexPapersCitations
Albert Hofman2672530321405
Kari Stefansson206794174819
Ronald Klein1941305149140
Eric Boerwinkle1831321170971
Unnur Thorsteinsdottir167444121009
Vilmundur Gudnason159837123802
Hakon Hakonarson152968101604
Bernhard O. Palsson14783185051
Andrew T. Hattersley146768106949
Fernando Rivadeneira14662886582
Rattan Lal140138387691
Jonathan G. Seidman13756389782
Christine E. Seidman13451967895
Augustine Kong13423789818
Timothy M. Frayling133500100344
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Performance
Metrics
No. of papers from the Institution in previous years
YearPapers
202377
2022209
20211,222
20201,118
20191,140
20181,070